高考英语语法复习：表语从句讲义

表语从句定义：在复合句中作表语的从句称表语从句。即表语从句和主语指同一个内容，它对主语进行解释说明，使主语的内容具体化。表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句的表语。一.表语从句位置主语表示事实，真理的名词。如：fact,truth或表示看法，观点的名词。如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等放句子开头。从句在be,seem,remain,look,sound,smell,get等连系动词后由充当表语,这个句子就称之为表语从句。（主语+系动词+连接词+表语从句）.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand..That'swhywe'vegivenyoutheletter..Thequestioniswhetherthebookisworthreading.tlooksasifitisgoingtorain.二.表语从句的连接词从属连词:that,whether（无if）asifVthough,because（特有）连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which连接副词:when,where,why,how8w+hthat,whether引导的表语从句，只起连接作用，在从句中不做成分。that无词义,一般不省略。whether意为“是否”，不能换成if。l）TheproblemisthatIdon'tlookanydifferentfromothers.2）ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.3)Myworryiswhethershelikedthegift.4)Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.Asif/though引导的表语从句,意为“好像，犹如”,常放在连系动词seem,appear,look,sound,smell,feel,taste,become等后面，可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。Youlookasifyouhavehadagoodtime.ItsoundsasifyouarefromthesouthoftheUSA.HelooksasifhewerefromtheMars.Asif/thou®引导的方式状语从句,表示“事情是怎么做的”或“一个人或事物是什么样的”。Hetalksaboutthebookasifhehadreadit.2)Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.3)Shespoketomeasifsheknewme.4)Youansweredthequestionasifyoudidnotknowthisrule.5)Shelovestheboyasifshewerehismother.虚拟语气：⑴如果从句表示与现在事实相反，从句：if+主语+did.(be动词都用were)主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do.(我是迈克)⑵从句表示与过去事实相反，从句：if+主语+had+done.主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have+done.(我是迈克)⑶从句表示与将来事实相反,从句：①if+主语+should+do.②if+主语+did.(be动词都用were)③if+主语+weretodo.主句：主语+should/would/could/might+be/do.(我是迈克)because引导的表语从句，意为“因为”，主句的主语不能是reason0如果主句的主语是reason,表语从句连接词用that而不是why或because,常见句型如:(l)Thereasonwhy…is/wasthat... 的原因是(2)This/That/Itis/waswhy... 这/那就是为什么+(结果)(3)This/That/Itis/wasbecause...这/那是因为 +(原因)Thereasonwhyhefailedtheexamisthathewastoocareless.Thatwaswhyhefailedtheexam.Thatwasbecausehewastoocareless.注意：句型Thereason…isbecausethat…，是错误的what,which,who,whom,whose引导的表语从句,除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中充当成分，本身具有词义。l)Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.2)Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.Theimportantthingiswhosenameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist.where,when,why,how引导的表语从句，除在句中起连接作用外，还可在从句中充当成分，本身具有词义。.ThatswhereIcan'tagreewithyou..ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting..Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties..Ourquestioniswhentheepidemicwillbeover.三.注意事项.主语是suggestion,advice,order,proposal提议，建议)，request,plan等表示建议、命令、要求、的名词时，表语从句应该用虚拟语气，即(should)+do..Myadviceisthatyou(should)set(set)offearlytomorrowmorning..Hisorderisthatwe(should)clean(clean)theclassroomeveryday..Hissuggestionisthatthethief(should)besent(send)tothepolicestation.Theproblemisthatmillionsofpeopledieofillnesscausedbysmoking.Thequestioniswhetherwecanwinthegame.Thefactisthathedidn'tnoticethecartilltoolat