2020-2021某大学《高级英语》（二）期末课程考试试卷

weaker,forexamplebyaddingwalertoit.

2020-2021《高级英语》(二)期末课程考试试卷A.adulterateB.moorC.vaccinateD.sue

13.Thisterrificmoviekeepsmeallthetime.

考试班级：考试日期：；试卷所需时间：120分钟闭卷，B卷，试卷总分：100分A.fracturingB.modulatingC.underminingD.reeling

PartOne14.Aftershesaidthesewords,therewasapauseintheirtalk.

SectionAWordExplanation(10%)A.obsceneB.unfathomableC.aestheticD.momentary

1.Somethingthatisisdeliberatelydeceitful,dishonestoruntrue.15.Heisa(an)boy,alwaysinsistingonhisownrightsandopinions.

A.spontaneousB.frenziedC.fraudulentD.stultifyingA.languishB.assertiveC.almightyD.tyranny

2.Ifsomethingyourskin,itcutsitbadlyanddeeply16.Hehasalwaysbeenwithfearofunemployment.

A.lacerateB.demolishC.scudD.shrinkA.intoxicatedB.exuberantC.indifferentD.obsessed

3.Peopleandanimalsthatarearehostileandunfriendly.17.Mr.Wilsonisamantotallyofallhumor.

A.inimicalB.derelictC.facetiousD.aberrantA.indicativeB.devoidC.gruelingD.enigmatical

4.Somethingthatisissobadorunpleasantthatitmakesyoufeeldisgustor18.Youwill,infact,findnothingofthesortinEurope——perhapsinthemore

dismay.putridpartsofEngland.

A.appealingB.appallingC.apparentD.appearingA.andB.thereforeC.withoutD.save

5.Ifyou,youtravelormoveslowlyandnotinanyparticulardirection.19.Thereisnomotiveinworkotherthantheproductbeingmadeandthe

A.invokeB.meanderC.prescribeD.infuseprocessesofitscreation.

6.ApersonwhoactswithoutthinkingaboutwhattheyaredoingisoftencalledanA.interiorB.exteriorC.ulteriorD.superior

20.TothewestofGulfport,thetownofPassChristianwasvirtually.

；A.automationB.automatonC.automatD.autonomyA.pitchedinB.restedonC.wipedoutD.whippedup

•7.Aisagroupoftreesthatareclosetogether,oftenbecausetheyhavebeen

PartTwoReadingComprehension(20%)

：plantedinthisway.

Directions:Thereare3passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions

:A.gruffB.grudgeC.grovelD.grove

orunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and

:8.Ifyoutosomething,youmentionitinaveryindirectway.

[D].Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronthe

:A.illustrateB.concoctC.alludeD.invoke

AnswerSheet.

：9.Ifaplaceisbyaparticularrouteormethodoftransport,youareabletoreachit

：bythisrouteormethod.

PassageOne

：A.accessibleB.assessableC.accessableD.acessable

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

10.Ifsomeonehasmotivesorreasonsfordoingsomething,theydonot

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolsto

•showtheirmotivesopenlybuthidethem.

copewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.That

鑫A.hideousB.desultoryC.compulsiveD.ulterior

compulsionhasresultedinrobotics-thescienceofconferring(赋予)varioushuman

capabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionof

sciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

:SectionB

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhose

:Vocabulary&Structure(10%)

presencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.

:Thereare10incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreachsentencetherearefourchoices

Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneat

：markedA),B),C)andD).ChooseOneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.

automatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessfbrthetransaction.

Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobo-drivers.Andthankstothecontinual

•11.Itmetothinkofallthemoneywe'vewasted.

miniaturization(小型化)ofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobot

A.embattlesB.rejoiceC.infuriatesD.recede

systemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeter

12.Ifyousomething,suchasfoodordrink,youreduceitsqualityormakeit

accuracy一fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirED]cultivatehumancreativity.

handsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperate25.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare.

withlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsfbr[A]expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure.

themselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge,"Whileweknowhowtotellarobotto[B]abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately.

handleaspecificerror,"saysDaveLaveiy,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“we[C]farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation.

can'tyetgivearobotenough'commonsense'toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld."[D]bestusedinacontrolledenvironment.

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligence（人工智能）hasproducedverymixed

results.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthatPassageTwo

transistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

brainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifTheSupremeCourt'sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplications

notcenturies.fbrhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain'sroughlyoneAlthoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalright（宪法权力）tophysician-assisted

hundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmoresuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect,na

complicated-thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizethecenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects——agoodonethatis

errorofamachinepanelbyafiactionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.intendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen一ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythe

Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthegoodeffect.

98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofaDoctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphine

windingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.Themostadvanced（吗啡）tocontrolterminallyillpatients'pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswill

computersystemsonEarthcan'tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilleventuallykillthepatient.

don'tknowquitehowwedoit.NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewill

21.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin.shielddoctorswho“untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgive

A.theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction.patientssufficientmediationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath."

[B]thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry.GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,as

EC]theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork.longasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdone

[D]theelite'scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork.nothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath."It'slikesurgery,*'hesays.

22.Theword“gizmos"（line1,paragraph2）mostprobablymeans.“Wedon'tcallthosedeathshomicides（杀人犯）becausethedoctorsdidn'tintendtokill

[A]programs.[B]experts.[C]devices.[D]creatures.theirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou'reaphysician,youcanriskyour

patient'ssuicideaslongasyoudon'lintendtheirsuicide.**

23.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman'sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcanOnanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicide

debatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehas

LA]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery.prolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.

[B]interactwithhumanbeingsverbally.JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt'srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNational

[C]havealittlecommonsense.AcademyofScience（NAS）releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:Improving

CD]respondindependentlytoachangingworld.CareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatrnentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof

aineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonorthe

24.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscannow.periodofdying"asthetwinproblemsofend-of^lifecaie.

[A]makeafewdecisionsfbrthemselves.Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices（晚期病人的

[B]dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention.安养院）,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopa

[C]improvefactoryenvironments.Medicarebillingcodefbrhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsfbrassessing

andtreatingpainattheendoflife.InthepastfewyearstheAmericanpublichasbeenchided(责备)，perhapsmorethan

Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalusual,forbeingacollectionofconformists.Wehavebeenaccusedofacceptingourattitudes

initiativestranslateintobettercare."Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwithready-madefromthemassmediaorourlocal“opinionleaders,ratherthanfbnning

thepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering,"totheextentthatitindependentattitudesaftercriticalconsiderationoftheevidence.

constitutes"'systematicpatientabuse.*'Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitItischargedthatourwantsasconsumersarenotourownbutaiedictatedbyMadison

clear...thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandAvenue,orbytheJoneses.59Wehavebeenaccusedofbehavinginaccordancewiththe

shouldresultinlicensesuspension."folkwaysofourorganizationratherthanon【hebasisofinternationalvalues.Eventhe

26.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat.self-consciouslynon-conformistbeatnik(反传统的人)hasbeenaccusedofconformingto

[A]doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients'pain.thestandardsofhisgroup.

[B]itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives.Someofthosewhomakethesechargesofconformitymaybeunderpressuretospeak

LC]theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide.stronglyaboutsomethingtowhichnoonecouldtakeexception,butothersaresincerely

[D]patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide.concernedbythelackofindependenceamongpeopleintheirattitudes,desires,andtheir

behaviour.

27.Whichofthefollowingstatementsitstrueaccordingtothetext?Thefirstinvestigationsofconformingbehaviourinastandardlaboratorysituationwere

[A]Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients'death.thoseofMuzaferSherifin1935.Theseinvestigationsmadeuseoftheaulokinetic

[B]Modernmedicinehasassistedterminallyillpatientsinpainlessrecovery.phenomenon,thefactthatastationmypinpointoflightinatotallydaikroomgivesthe

[C]TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribed.appearanceofmoving.(Tryitsometime-eventhoughyouknowthelighttobestationaryit

[D]Adoctor'smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisintentions.seemstobemovingerratically(不规则地).)Sherifaskedsubjectstojudgetheextentofthis

apparentmovement.Aloneasubjectwouldbecomeincreasinglystableinhisjudgements,

28.AccordingtotheNAS'sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-oMifecareis.buttherewereconsiderableindividualdifferencesamongsubjectsintheextentofmovement

[A]prolongedmedicalprocedures.thattheyreported.Onesubjectmighttypicallyreportmovementof8or10inchesand

[B]inadequatetreatmentofpain.anothermighttypicallyreportmovementofonly1or2inches.Whenindividualswith

[C]systematicdrugabuse.differentnormswereputtogetherinagroupoftwoorthreetherewasamarkedconvergence

[D]insufficienthospitalcare.intheirjudgements.Gradually,after100ormoretrialsinagroup,individualswhohad

establishedindependentstandardsfortheextentofmovementagreedrathercloselywithone

29.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword°aggressive'*(line3,paragraph7)?another.(Manysubjectswereinfluenced“unconsciously,"i.e.,theywerenotawarethatthey

[A]Bold.[B]Harmful.[C]Careless[D]Desperate.werebeinginfluenced.)Afterthesegroupnormshadbeenformed,individualswhenagain

judgingtheextentofmovementalone,tendedtokeepthesamegroupnormsratherthan

30.GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishediftheyreverttothenormstheyhadpreviouslyestablishedasindividuals.Thedegreeofconformity

withinagroupwasevengreaterforsubjectswhohadnotpreviouslyhadtheopportunityto

[A]managetheirpatientsincompetently.judgethestimulialone.Sherifconcludedthatthejudgementsoftheothersoftheextentof

[B]givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded.movementhadamarkedeffectonthejudgementsofthesubject.Withthisstudyhe

[C]reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients.establishedtheautokineticphenomenonasastandardlaboratoiytaskforthestudyoffactors

[D]prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients.affectingtheamountofconformity.

Quitenaturally,theautokineticphenomenonhasbeencriticizedasanunnaturaltaskto

PassageThreeuseinthestudyofconformity.Thesubjectisinatotallydarkroom,anunstructuredsituation

Questions31to35arcbasedonthefollowingpassage.withnoframesofreference.Hedoesnotevenknowthesizeoftheroomorthedistance

AboutConformitybetweenhimselfandthesourceoflight.Withsofewcuestodistance,theextentof

ByDr.RussellM.Churchmovementiscertainlyambiguous.Isitpossibletodemonstrateconfoimityinan

unambiguoussituation?

Consideranindividualaskedtostatewhichofthreelinesisequaltosomestandardlinebeatnik

inlengthunderconditionsthatnever(oralmostnever)wouldleadasubjectalonetomakean[C]theyfeelthatitisunnecessaryforconsumerstofollowthefashionasdisplayedon

error.Wouldanindividualparrot(学舌)thegroupjudgementifallthemembersofagroupMadisonAvenue

weretomakethesameerroneousjudgement,evenwhenthatjudgementisobviously[D]theyfeelitisharmfultoaccepttheattitudesfromthemassmediaorourlocalopinion

contrarytofact?ThiswastheproblemoriginallyposedbySolomonAsch.Thefirsleightleader

subjectstospeak(paidstooges(酉己角)oftheexperimenter)sometimesunanimously32.“OurwantsaredictatedbytheJoneses."Thesentencemeans.

selectedanerroneousline.Whatdidtheninthsubjectdowhenconfrontedbyaunanimous,[A]bigcorporationsliketheJoneseshavesuchdomineeringinfluenceonusconsumers

buterroneous,majority?Inaboutone-thirdofthecasesthenaivesubjectmadeanerrorinthe[B]consumersliketheJonesesareespeciallyinclinedtofollowthefashion

directionofmajority.[C]consumersarewantedbytheJoneses

Theconformingsubjectswereinterviewedaftertheexperiment,andsomesaidthatthey[D]webuymoreandbettercommoditiesinordertocompetewithourneighboursin

hadmadeanerrorinactiononly,e.g.,theyknewthattheirresponsewasanerror,buttheymaterialpossessions

wentalongwiththemajorityanyway.OtherssaidthattheyhadmadeaneiTorinjudgement,33.Whenapersonsitsinatotallydarkroom,andastationarypinpointoflightisturned

e.g.,theybelievedthattheirperceptionswerewrongafterhearingtheresponseoftheon,.

majority.Stillotherssaidthattheyhadmadeanerrorinperception,e.g.,theyactuallysaw[A]thepersonisunabletojudge

thestimulithewaythemajorityhadreportedthemtobe.Regardlessofthecauseofthe[B]thelightseemstobeimmobile

eiTors,onemustbeimpressedbythestrengthofthepressurestoconfbnnitywhentheycan[C]thelightappearstobemovingiiTegularly

makepeopleagreetopropositionswhichareobviouslycontraiytofact.[D]nobodyexceptpsychologistscancorrectlydescribetheconditionofthelight

Withthisstudyofthejudgementoflengthoflinesingroups,Aschhadestablished34.Whenpeoplewereaskedtojudgesinglytheextentofmovementofthelight,.

anotherstandardlaboratorytaskfbrthestudyoffactorsaffectingtheamountofconformity.[A]theyallreportedeightorteninches

Asinthecaseoftheautokineticsituation,replications(复制)ofthisstudyhavebeen[B]theytendedtomakesimilarjudgements

uniformlysuccessful,therehavebeenimprovementsintechnique,andtherehavebeen[C]theiranswersvariedconsiderably

numerousstudiesoffactorsrelevantlotheamountofconformity.Someofthesearethesize[D]theextentofmovementreportedaveragedfourorfiveinches

ofthemajority(whichhasanincreasingeffectonlyuptoaboutthreeindividuals)andthe35.''Individualswithdifferentnonns,,means.

unanimityofthemajority(whichiscrucial).[A]individualswhoholddifferentattitudestowardtheexperiment

Theincreaseinunderstandingofconformityproceedsatamostgradualpace.Therewas[B]peoplewhosejudgementsoftheextentofmovementofthelightaredifferent

atimewhenitwasonlypossibletodescribeconformingbehaviour.Now,followingthe[CJpeoplewithdifferentsocialbackgrounds

establishmentoflaboratorydemonstrationsofconformity,thereareextensiveparametric[D]peoplewhoareaskedtotakepartintheexperimentsondifferentoccasions

(参数)investigationsofthefactorsaffectingtheamountofconfbnnity.Butthiswillnot36.Allexperimentsreportedtendtoshowthat.

bethefinalstage.Almostcertainlythebodyofknowledgeregardingconfbnnitywillbe[A]groupjudgementsaremoreaccuratethansinglejudgements

integratedwiththegeneraltheoriesofbehaviourthatareemergingfromradicallydifferent[B]asingleindividuafsjudgementsproduceamoreaccurateresultthana

situations.majorityoragroup

Wemaybeasconformingnowaswewereafewyearsago,althoughitcertainlyseems[C]awrongmajoritywilloftencausearightindividualtochangehisjudgement

wearebeinglessoftenandlessviciouslyattackedforitnow.6O.Theaccusationshave[D]arightjudgementofanindividualtendstoinfluencethewrongjudgementof

passedtheirpeak,andmaydisappearforyears,buttheyarecertaintoretum.Whentheagroup

chargesofconformityreturnwemaynotknowthevaluesinvolvedinconfbnnityanymore37.Whenapersonhasagreedwithamajorityjudgement,.

surelythanwedonow,butweshouldknowalittlemoreaboutthenatureofconformity,its[A]hetendstoretumtohisownjudgementwhengiventheopportunity

determinantsanditscontrol.|B]hewillagainchangehisjudgementeasilyifaskedtodecideforasecond

31.SomepeoplecriticizeAmericansforbeingconformistsbecause.time

[A]theyfeelthatpeopleneedtothinkforthemselves[C]heisseldomsureofhimselfinlaterjudgement

[B]theyareafraidthatthepublictendtofollowtheself-consciouslynon-confbnnist[D]hetendstosticktothegroupjudgement

38.Theconfbnningsubjectsexplainedthattheyhadmadeanerrorintheirjudgement51.Whenthewarwasover,helaiddowntheswordandtookupthepen.()

because.52.Unitedthereislittlewecannotdo,inahostofcooperativeventures.Dividedthereis

[A]theirperceptionswerenotalwaysreliablelittlewecando.()

|B]theycouldn'tseethestimuliclearly53.SafeinaPullman,Ihavewhirledthroughthegloomy,GodforsakenvillagesofIowa

|C]theydidthisdeliberatelyandKansas,andthemalarioustidewaterhamletsofGeorgia.()

[D]theywishedtoconfonntothemajority54.My