专业英语词根词缀

专业英语词根词缀名称通用名前（后）缀常用形容词示例心脏病/心脏炎/心脏病学月脑brainencepholo-cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology月市lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liverhepato—hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology胆gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy肠intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy肾kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology2.与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀名称通用名前（后）缀示例血液学/血液学/血红蛋白/血肿血管血管内皮加压素/心血管学/血管内皮静脉-静脉-静脉造影/血管内/静脉狭窄-动脉-动脉-动脉学/小动脉/动脉硬化-肌肉真菌学/肌炎/心肌髓质-肌细胞/肌精英症Is/神经细胞-细胞-细胞技术/细胞瘤/白细胞尿-尿-神经系统/泌尿外科/泌尿生殖系统体bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome3.与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例一（单）单/单单体/单克隆/碳单体/单向双/双双/双相二氧化碳/二肽三-三-三边/三相/三叉神经四-四聚体/四环素/四瘫五-五角/五氯甲烷注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca,如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoicacid（十八烷酸）□4.与通用名称前缀颜色示例相关的颜色和前缀色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer口红-红细胞/红细胞尿/红-白-白-白-白细胞/白血病/白细胞黑-黑-黑-黑-黑-黑-黑-黑黑黑黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄蓝八、、八、、rrn.-蓝-蓝-蓝-蓝-蓝-蓝-蓝-蓝-蓝-蓝/蓝-蓝/蓝-蓝/蓝棕brownbrownmixture/brownring口橙橙维多利亚橙/乙烯橙/蒂姆深红色的橙粉色青铜bronzedbronzeddiabetes口注：有些疾病名称与“蓝色”、“紫色”和“绿色”同义，其前缀为“氰基-”。5.前（后）词缀（1）与疾病和疾病有关的意思。词缀前（后）形容词示例病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态-osis-oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis减少-青紫/红细胞减少/粒细胞减少无a-/原子性/无尿/粒细胞缺乏小/微滴/片剂/传单micro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly复合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic6.与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀（2）含义前（后）缀示例相反，疾病/疾病顺序/残疾困难/障碍dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/块-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血症-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia口疼痛/痛觉/痛觉/痛觉/痛觉镇痛/痛觉减退/痛觉计麻痹性麻痹性偏瘫/痉挛性麻痹/肌瘫/头痛/月经过多/鼻漏坏死一necrosisnecro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia结石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes7.与方向有关的前缀含义常用词前缀示例上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下lower/inferiornfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-背向/后向/后向/后向/餐后/心后内/内/内/内/内/内/内/内反转/内窥镜/入口外/外/外提取/增量/外心脏之间更好的内/内/肋间/性交侧/副上甲状旁腺/副蛋白/每周平行周期周期性/心包炎/腹膜中心centralcentri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro一口反向/反向计数器/反向计数器部件/反电击/禁忌症注：1n71丫0/壮’丫@1丫0口/活体内；invitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内；1腌1例/壮’$@1打1:/原位8.与外科手术有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例口切除术-阑尾切除术/胃切除术/脾切除术切口-气管切开术/睾丸切除术/开颅术（切割）-气管切开术/胸腔切开术吻合一stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形术一plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影一graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography经…trans一transdominal/translateral/transurethral注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸）□-图形是一种方法，如心电图；图形是一种仪器，如心电图机；Gram是图像和文本，如心电图记录。9.与化学品有关的前（后）词缀的含义前（后）词缀的示例：酸性盐硫酸盐/硝酸盐/醋酸盐醇/丙醇/紫杉醇醛/甲缩醛/丙酮酮/孕酮/酮糖基糖原分解酵母菌糖多糖酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein原一genallogen/antigen/glycogen苯基/苯酚-酚-/苯酚/苯甲酸盐/苯乙啶氨基苯/氨基酚酶/氨基