山东建筑大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》专业硕士历年考研真题及详解

2015年山东建筑大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、词语翻译（30分）1.汉译英（15%）（1）意合【答案】parataxis查看答案（2）对等【答案】equivalence查看答案（3）信、达、雅【答案】faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance查看答案（4）音译【答案】transliteration查看答案（5）冗余【答案】redundancy查看答案（6）搭配【答案】collocation查看答案（7）生态学【答案】Ecology查看答案（8）词类转换【答案】wordclassshift查看答案（9）翻译体【答案】translationbody查看答案（10）语境【答案】context查看答案（11）语序【答案】wordorder查看答案（12）源出语【答案】thesourcelanguage查看答案（13）语义分析【答案】semanticanalysis查看答案（14）可译性【答案】translatability查看答案（15）文化转向【答案】culturalturn查看答案2.英译汉（15%）(1)rewriting【答案】重写；改写查看答案(2)coherence【答案】一致；连贯性查看答案(3)polysystem【答案】多元系统查看答案(4)intelligibility【答案】可懂度；可理解性查看答案(5)readability【答案】可读性查看答案(6)ambiguity【答案】歧义查看答案(7)norm【答案】标准；规范查看答案(8)domesticating【答案】归化查看答案(9)compoundsentence【答案】复合句查看答案(10)linguistics【答案】语言学查看答案(11)blankword【答案】虚词查看答案(12)receptiontheory【答案】接受理论查看答案(13)relevance【答案】相关性查看答案(14)interdiscipline【答案】跨学科；交叉学科查看答案(15)dialect【答案】方言；同源语查看答案二、英汉互译（120分）1.英译汉（60%）DuskNormanGortsbysatonaseatinthepark.HydeParkCorner,withitsnoiseoftraffic,layimmediatelytotheright.ItwasaboutthirtyminutespastsixonanearlyMarchevening,andduskhadfallenheavilyoverthescene,duskwithsomefaintmoonlightandmanystreetlamps.Therewasawideemptinessoverroadandpavement,andyetthereweremanyfiguresmovingsilentlythroughthehalf-light,orsittingonseatsandchairs.ThescenepleasedGortsbyandsuitedhismood.Dusk,inhisopinion,wasthehourofthedefeated.Menandwomen,whohadfoughtthebattleoflifeandlost,whohidtheirdeadhopesfromtheeyesofthecurious,cameoutinthishour,whentheiroldclothesandbentshouldersandunhappyeyesmightpassunnoticed.OntheseatbyGortsby’ssidesataratheroldgentlemanwithalookofdefiancethatwasprobablethelastsignofself-respectinamanwhohadstoppeddefyingsuccessfullyanybodyoranything.Asherosetogo,Gortsbyimaginedhimreturningtoahomewherehewasofnoimportance,ortosomeuncomfortablelodgingwherehisabilitytopayhisweeklyrentwasthebeginningandendoftheinterestwhichhecaused.【参考译文】傍晚时分诺曼·戈茨比坐在公园的凳子上。充满交通噪音的海德公园角就坐落在右边。那是一个早春3月的傍晚，6点半钟，太阳已经下山了。街灯已亮，但天还不是太黑。路上十分空旷，但也有许多人孤独地行走在暮色里，有的则坐在凳上或椅子上。这情景正合戈茨比的心情。他想，黄昏正是失败者的时刻，是那些梦想未实现、奋斗未成功的男男女女的时刻。他们在暮色中出门，那时，他们双眼里已经死去的梦想、破旧的衣衫才不致太显眼。坐在他旁边的是一位老者。他带着一种蔑视的表情，这可能是一个无法阻止任何人和任何事的人的一点最后的自尊。当他站起来离开时，戈茨比想象他一定是回到哪儿一间他没有任何存在感的屋子里去，或者是回到一个不舒服的住处去，那里他每个月要付的房租是唯一让人感兴趣的东西。2.汉译英（60%）飘逸人生行路难，但人生之路谁都要走。有的人在赶路，心急切切，步急匆匆，眼中只有目标却忽略了风景，可路迢迢不知哪是终点。有的人如游客，不急不慌，走走停停，看花开花落，看云卷云舒。有时也在风中走，雨中行，心却像张开的网，放过焦躁苦恼。人生之路谁不走？只是走路时别忽略了一路的良辰美景。一个人工作的地方是小的，居住的家是小的，社交的圈子是小的，有的人就越来越不满这缺乏变化的单调。有的人却总是怡然自得，随遇而安。世界浩渺，一个人只能居于一隅。比海洋大的是天空，比天空大的是心灵，因为这小小的心灵内住着一只时起时落的想象鸟。大碗喝茶解渴，却说不上是怎样的好。心想得到的东西终于得到了，失去的却很多很多，而失去的原来比得到的可能还要好。物化了的生命硬如岩石，而那些看似无价值的却永葆着神韵和空灵。人生旅途上，有人背负着名利疾疾奔走，有人回归自然，飘逸而行。【参考译文】Togoonajourneyisoftenfullofhardships,butsolongasonelives,heproceedsonhislife‘sjourney.Differentpeoplegoalongdifferently.Sometakehastystepsinanxiety.Obsessedwithreachingthenextgoalintime,theysparenotimeforsightseeingalongtheway,nordotheyhaveaclearviewofwheretheirlongroadsend.Otherstravelleisurelyliketourists.Theywouldtaketimeoffnowandthenforalookatbloomingflowersorfallenpetals.Theywouldstoptoadmirecloudsgatheringanddispersing.Evenwhentheygoagainstthewindorarecaughtintherain,theynevergetannoyed,forworriesslipofftheirmindsasfromanopennet.Everyonegoeshiswayinlife.Whatmakesadifferenceis:doeshehaveapleasanttripenjoyingthelandscapealongtheway?Crampedisone’sworkplace,narrowisone’sresidenceandsmallisthesocialcircleonemovesabout—suchlimitednessinspaceentailslackofvarietywhichisthesourceofsomepeople’scomplaint.Butothersarealwayscontendedandhappyforhecanadapthimselftodifferentcircumstances.Comparedwiththevastnessoftheuniverseitisonlyatinyspotoneoccupiesonearth.However,thoughlargerthantheoceanisthesky,evenlargeristhehumanmind,forinitimaginationcancomeandgoonthewingwithoutlimitation.Todrinkatagulpisaquickwaytoquenchthirst,butitgivesnotasteofthehighgradetea.Onemayeventuallywinwhathehassethismindto,onlytofindthathehaslostquitealot.Perhapswhathelosesiseverbetterthanwhathegains.Life,whenpetrifiedbymaterialdesires,isascallousasstone,whilethoseseemingl