2024届高三英语复习：阅读理解题型对应的解题策略及2023年全国乙卷真题学案含答案

第第页2024届高三英语复习：阅读理解题型对应的解题策略及2023年全国乙卷真题学案（含答案）英语阅读理解题型对应的解题策略及2023年全国乙卷真题-2024届高三英语复习

一、细节理解题

细节理解题通常会针对某个特定的细节出题，题型可以多样化。

一般有两种类型：一是直接理解题，可以直接定位原文并找到答案；二是同义转换题，正确答案项是由原文相关词汇paraphrase（释义）而来，即用英语解释英语的重要原因。做该类试题一般要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。

【设问形式】常用who,what,which,when,where,why和how提问，或判断正误，即是非判断题。如下：

（1）Whichofthefollowingistrue/NOTtrueinthepassage

（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTdiscussed/mentionedinthepassage

（3）Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage

（4）AllthefollowingstatementsareNOTtrueexcept_______.

（5）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage

【例题一】

ForCanaanelementarysecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.，todayisspeechday,andrightnowit'sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemsliketheofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.

Buthe’s,nervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld,”a.pronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“…Votefor…me…”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.

24.WhatmadeChrisnervous（）

A.Tellingastory.B.Makingaspeech.C.Takingatest.D.Answeringaquestion.

二、词义猜测题

在高考英语阅读理解中，词句猜测题是一类很重要的题型，主要考查学生的猜测能力和判断能力。词句猜测题包括：词义猜测、代词指代和句意猜测题。解题过程中，考生会遇到两个障碍：一是单词都认识却不知道句意；二是单词完全陌生，出现理解困难或理解偏差，影响阅读效率。这就要求学生要树立起context（语境）观念，从上下文着手”顺藤摸瓜”。

【设问形式】

（1）Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword...inparagraph...

（2）Theunderlinedword“...”means____

（3）Theword“...”refersto_____

（4）Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standsfor

【解题思路】

（1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测；根据同位关系进行猜测；根据构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）进行猜测；根据同义词、反义词猜测；根据转折或对比关系等来猜测。

（2）代词指代题：首先从宏观上充分把握代词（it,them,those等）指代所在的段落或前文表达的含义；其次，从微观入手抓住关键词，理顺逻辑关系，从而推断代词指代的内容。

（3）句意猜测题：在阅读原文的基础上，对划线的句子进行语法及语义上的准确分析，从原文意义出发对划线句子做恰当符合逻辑的推理判断。

【例题一】

IampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2023,I'vedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干细胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonortothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.（来源：2023全国Ⅰ卷C篇）

29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1？

A.providerB.deliverymanC.collectorD.medicaldoctor

【例题二】

Buthe’s,nervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld,”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“…Votefor…me…”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.（来源：2023全国Ⅰ卷B篇）25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto

A.ImproperpausesB.BadmannersC.SpellingmistakesD.Sillyjokes

三、推理判断题

高考阅读理解推理判断题要求考生在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文字背后隐含的意义和深层意思，即通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知信息去推断出没有直接表达出来的深层意思。推理判断隐含意义不仅要求考生能够读懂文章中设题处相关的每个句子信息，还要求考生能够推理他们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，得出言外之意，从而揭示文章的内涵意义。【设问形式】

（1）Itcanbeinferred/impliedfromthetextthat_______.

（2）Whatdoweknowabout...

（3）Wecaninferfrom...that_____.

（4）Whatdoestheauthormeanthat...

解题思路：推理判断题的答案不可能原文中直接找到，所以选项有原文句意的句子一般都是错误选项，可以先排除。推理时务必要准确定位并忠于原文，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分，找到的言外之意。切忌妄加评论、主观臆断，更不可望文生义。除此之外，还要注意几点误区：原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论；文中无关紧要或片面的结论；与文章内容不符的推论或相反的推论；不合常理或不合逻辑的推论；虽然符合常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。考生一是要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论；二是要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。三是注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。

【例题】

Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.

“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”（来源：2023全国I卷B篇）

26.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto_________.

A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths

B.assessstudents’publicspeakingskills

C.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs

D.inspirestudents’loveforpolitics

四、主旨大意题

高考阅读理解主旨大意题的考查旨在考查考生对一篇文章或一个段落的深层次理解和把握其主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题、标题设题。这类题目考查方式为：概括总结文章的主题、文章标题、段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括和总结，要求学生通过快速阅读获取语篇中心思想的能力，辨别筛选信息的能力。

【设问方式】

1.【标题归纳题】常见设问形式：

（1）Whatmay/canbethebesttitleforthetext

（2）Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe______.

（3）Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext

（4）Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext

2.【主题归纳题】常见的设问形式：

（1）Themainideaofthepassageis…

（2）Thepassageismainlyabout…

（3）Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage

（4）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout

A.【主题归纳题】解题思路：

归纳总结主题包括对整篇文章和对段落的大意总结。对整篇文章的大意总结一是需要利用文章的主题段来把握文章的中心思想。主题段通常出现在文章开头和结尾。对段落大意的总结和概括主要通过寻找主题句的方法来完成。主题句因文章不同，位置各异，具体如下：

主题句在开头：先提出观点，再举例论证或细节解释观点；

主题句在末尾：先表述细节或举例，再归纳结论或结果；

主题句在中间：开头先介绍背景或细节，中间综合或概括出主题，后面再用具体的事实进一步说明或发展前面的主题；

主题句首尾呼应：开头点出主题，中间加以解释，末尾再次强调主题或对前面的事实做出进一步的概括，虽然前后主题中心思想一致，但表述不尽相同；

无主题句：注意反复出现的关键词，再进行归纳总结。

B.【标题归纳题】解题思路：

在阅读理解中，通常利用找中心句来确定文章标题。首先通读文章，找到文章的中心句，根据中心句的关键词来确定最佳标题。同时，在选标题的时候还要注意以下几个问题：

1）首先要在对原文理解基础上仔细考虑所选标题是否符合文章的中心思想，同时关注标题对文章的内容的覆盖性如何，避免题目范围过大或过小。

2）确定文章标题时要注意容易犯的几个错误：涵盖内容片面，以偏概全；标题过于笼统，过于概括；标题集中在一些文章的事实或细节而没有对文章的中心思想有一个提升和概括；选标题时要站在和原文的角度理解，忌主观臆断。

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwassillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,smalltightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps1200languagesbetweenthem.

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuminCameroon(eightremainingSpeaker),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark)noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.（来源：2023全国卷I卷C篇）

31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.

B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinfewerlanguages.

C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.

D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.

Someoftheworld’smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying(联合)voiceacrosscultures.

Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter’sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.

“Jazzseemslikeit’snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite,”MorantellsNationalPublicRadio’sreporterNealConan.“WhatI’mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwriteanymore.It’sactuallycolor,andit’sactuallydigital.”

Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.“Themusiccan’tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,”saysMoran.

Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller’smusicforadanceparty,“JusttokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic,”saysMoran.“Forme,it’stherecontextualization.Inmusic,wheredoestheemotionlieArewe,asabstractasaCharlieParkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughtsSometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext,”saysMoran,“SoIwanttocontinuethosedialogue.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.”（来源：2023全国I卷C篇）

31．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext

A．ExploringtheFutureofjazz.B．TheRiseandFallofjazz.

C．TheStoryofajazzMusician.D．CelebratingtheJazzDay.

五、观点态度题

高考阅读理解中观点态度题是常见题型。考查学生把握及文中人物的态度、思想倾向。对某一观点是支持还是反对或对某一观点持积极态度还是消极态度；对文中提及的人或事等是褒扬、同情、漠不关心还是厌恶憎恨等。考生需要抓住原文中能体现情感态度的修饰词去推理及文中人物的态度和思想倾向。

【设问形式】

(1)What’sthewriter’sattitudeto…

(2)What’sthetoneofthepassage

(3)Theauthor’sviewis_______

(4)Thewriter’sattitudeof.thispassageisapparently_________

(5)Theauthor’sopinioncouldbebestdescribedas_________

(6)WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbeLEAST/MOSTlikelytoagreewith

(7)Whichofthefollowingstatementsindicatestheauthor’sattitudetoward____

【解题思路】

首先通读全文或全段，理解文章或段落的内容和大意。其次，找到体现人物观点态度的关键句或列举的事例，同时注意流露思想倾向或感彩的形容词、副词、动词等关键词。考生应先熟悉在考题中常常出现的表示态度的词汇。

（1）表客观的词:objective,neutral

（2）表主观的词：subjective主观的

（3）表态度积极的词：positive（肯定的，积极的），favorable（赞成的、有利的），supportive（支持的），optimistic（乐观的），confident（自信的）

（4）表消极意义的词：negative（否定的、消极的），critical（批评的），sarcastic（讽刺的），worried（焦虑的），pessimistic（悲观的），suspicious（怀疑的）doubtful（可疑的)

考生在做题时要特别关注文章的措辞，尤其注意那些能表明感彩的词，如improving,encouraging,disappointing，fortunately,excessively,toomany等，领悟的写作态度。另外,要注意干扰项常常具有三个特点：

(1)可能是考生自己的某种观点；

(2)社会普遍的一种倾向，文中没有信息支持；

(3)与本文无关或与相反的观点等；

(4)注意区分态度与引用别人的态度。

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.

GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.

Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations—majorfoodsourcesforthewolf—grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被),whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark’sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark’sbeavers.

Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.

Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolvers.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.（来源：2023全国Ⅲ卷C篇）

31.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.

高考真题

一

LivinginIowaandtryingtobecomeaphotographerspecializinginlandscape(风景)canbequiteachallenge,mainlybecausethecornstatelacksgeogaphicalvariation.

AlthoughlandscapesintheMidwesttendtobequitesimilar，eitherfarmfieldsorhighways,sometimesIfinddistinctivecharacterinthehillsorlakes.Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetraveleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithin10-minutetimeframe,Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.

Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.IoftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoidmissingthemomentIamattemptingtophotograph.Ihavemissedplentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeingonthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.

OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路线)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.(2023全国乙卷英语阅读理解B篇)

24.HowdoestheauthordealwiththechallengeasalandscapephotographerintheMidwest

A.Byteamingupwithotherphotographers.

B.Byshootinginthecountrysideorstateparks.

C.Bystudyingthegeographicalconditions.

D.Bycreatingsettingsinthecornfields.

25.Whatisthekeytosuccessfullandscapephotographyaccordingtotheauthor

A.Propertimemanagement.B.Goodshootingtechniques.

C.Adventurousspirit.D.Distinctivestyles.

26.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’stripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake

A.Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.

B.Theyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.

C.Theyreachedtheshootingspotlaterthanexpected.

D.Theyhadproblemswiththeirequipment.

27.HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevilsLake

A.Amusing.B.Satisfying.C.Encouraging.D.Comforting.

答案：BACB

二

WhatcomesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfoodProbablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninterestingEventhoughBritainhasareputationforless-then-impressivecuisine,itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.

It'sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.Itis