2019年北京市中考英语试题及答案

页2019年北京市中考英语试卷（教师版）知识运用（共14分）一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项．1．（.5分）Mr．Wangiscomingtoourschool．Ican'twaittosee．（）A．her B．him C．it D．them【微点】人称代词．【思路】王先生要来我们学校．我等不及要见他．【解析】根据Ican'twaittosee可知用宾格作see的宾语，Mr．Wang指男性单数，用him代替，句意：王先生要来我们学校．我等不及要见他．故选：B．【点拨】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答2．（.5分）Weplantedsomeflowersthegardenyesterday．（）A．on B．to C．in D．of【微点】方位介词．【思路】昨天我们在花园里种了一些花．【解析】on"在…之上、在…时候"；in"在…之内"；of"…的、由…组成的"；to"朝、到、对于"，四者都是介词．on用于具体的时间．由题干"昨天我们在花园里种了一些花．"可知，空格是"在…之内"，用in，因此答案应是in．故选：C．【点拨】本题考查时间介词的用法，在熟知所供词的含义基础上，根据句意，从而判断出正确答．3．（.5分）﹣Excuseme，isthisT﹣shirt？﹣It's88yuan．（）A．howmuch B．howmany C．howlong D．howold【微点】数量（howmany/howmuch）．【思路】打扰一下，这件t恤多少钱？﹣88元．【解析】考查数量．A．howmuch提问不可数名词，价格等；B．howmany提问可数名词复数；C．howlong多久，提问时间段；D．howold多大，提问年龄．根据It's88yuan．可知问的是价格，应说这件t恤多少钱？故选：A．【点拨】仔细分析句子的结构，根据It's88yuan．结合选项作答．4．（.5分）﹣Lily，_____youfinishtheletterintenminutes？﹣Yes，Ican．（）A．must B．should C．need D．can【微点】情态动词．【思路】﹣﹣莉莉，你能在十分钟内写完这封信吗？﹣﹣是的，我能．【解析】根据回答Yes，Ican可知疑问句以can开头，句意：莉莉，你能在十分钟内写完这封信吗？故选：D．【点拨】情态动词的考查是初中英语考查的重点，平时学习中一定要熟记这些词的基本词义及用法上的不同，注意其用法及在句子中表达语气的不同．考试中结合语境选择合适答案．5．（.5分）Thiscapisnice，itdoesn'tlookgoodonme．（）A．for B．so C．but D．or【微点】连词辨析．【思路】这个帽子很好看，但是我戴上不好看．【解析】A表示为了，B表示所以，C表示但是，D表示或者、否则．根据题干可知这个帽子很好看，但是我戴上不好看，句子前后是转折关系．故选：C．【点拨】本题考查连词辨析，基础题，熟悉所给连词的含义，再根据题干即可作出选择．6．（.5分）Julietakesgoodcareofthefamilydog．Sheisthanherbrother．（）A．patient B．morepatient C．mostpatient D．themostpatient【微点】形容词的比较级和最高级．【思路】朱莉把家里的狗照顾的很好．她比她的弟弟更有耐心．【解析】根据句意：朱莉把家里的狗照顾的很好．她比她的弟弟更有耐心．than是比较级的标志．选项B符合题意．故选：B．【点拨】熟悉形容词比较级和最高级的用法，结合题意，给出答案．7．（.5分）Samwithhisfriendseveryweekend．（）A．skates B．isskating C．hasskated D．wasskating【微点】实义动词的单数第三人称形式．【思路】Sam每个周末都跟他的朋友们滑冰．【解析】根据句意：Sam每个周末都跟他的朋友们滑冰．可知时态是一般现在时，主语Sam用动词三单式．故选：A．【点拨】熟悉实义动词三单式用法，结合题意，给出答案．8．（.5分）﹣Tom，what'syourdaddoing？﹣Hemybike．（）A．repairs B．willrepair C．hasrepaired D．isrepairing【微点】现在进行时．【思路】﹣﹣汤姆，你爸爸在干什么？﹣﹣他在修自行车．【解析】根据问句what'syourdaddoing？可知答句用现在进行时，be（am，is，are）+现在分词，句意：他在修自行车．故选：D．【点拨】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答9．（.5分）Ourschoollifealotsince2017．Wehavemoreactivitiesnow．（）A．changes B．changed C．willchange D．haschanged【微点】现在完成时．【思路】自2007年以来，我们的学校生活发生了很大变化．我们现在有更多的活动，【解析】根据句意"自2007年以来，我们的学校生活发生了很大变化．我们现在有更多的活动"和since2017可知，要用现在完成时，其构成为have/hasdone．故选：D．【点拨】考查现在完成时，要牢记现在完成时的构成及用法．10．（.5分）IfyouwanttovisitthePalaceMuseum，Iticketsforyoutomorrow．（）A．willbook B．booked C．havebooked D．wasbooking【微点】主从复合句．【思路】如果你想去故宫博物院，我明天就给你订票．【解析】根据句意"如果你想去故宫博物院，我明天就给你订票"和时间状语tomorrow可知，主句要用一般将来时，条件状语从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，选项BCD都不符合语法．故选：A．【点拨】考查主从复合句，要根据句意或提示词，判断时态，选用合适的引导词．11．（.5分）MyadviceonhowtosavepaperbymyclasslastMonday．（）A．accepts B．accepted C．wasaccepted D．isaccepted【微点】一般过去时的被动语态．【思路】我关于如何节约纸张的建议上星期一被我的班级接受了．【解析】主语myadvice与动词accept是被动关系，根据lastMonday用一般过去时的被动语态，was/were+过去分词，句意：我关于如何节约纸张的建议上星期一被我的班级接受了．故选：C．【点拨】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答12．（.5分）﹣Didyounoticeinheroffice？﹣Yes．Shewasgoingoverourwriting．（）A．whatwasMissLindoing B．whatMissLinwasdoing C．whatdoesMissLindo D．whatMissLindoes【微点】宾语从句．【思路】﹣﹣你注意到林小姐在办公室里干什么了吗？﹣﹣是的．她正在看我们的作品．【解析】考查宾语从句．宾语从句中，从句通常用陈述语序，排除AC．从Shewasgoingoverourwriting．判断句子使用过去进行时，构成were/was+Ving．故选：B．【点拨】此题考查宾语从句，在熟知宾语从句法的基础上，结合具体题目，仔细分析，便可得出正确答案．二、完形填空（共8分，）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．13．（8分）RunforClassPresidentTwomonthsago，whenourclasselection（选举）started，Idecidedtorunforclasspresident．Ienjoyedspeakinginpublicandgotalongwellwithpeople，soIfeltiteasytowin．ButIwas（1）BthatpeoplewouldfeelbadformeifIlost．Iwasbusypreparinginthefollowingweek．Myplanwasn'ttomakepromisestodothingsIcouldn't（2）CbuttoshowmyclasswhyIwantedtobepresident．Iputupmypostersinhallwaysandintheclassroom．Ialsospentthreehourswritingmyspeech，sayingthatIwastheonetheycouldturntowhenevertheyhadaproblem．SinceIwas（3）Aprepared，Ifeltthatmychancesofwinningwerestrong．However，whenIgavemyspeechonElectionDay，theresponse（反应）wasn'twhatIhad（4）D．Fewpeopleactuallylistened．Whenitwasmyopponent's（对手的）turn，everyonewasscreaminghisname．Hisspeechwasshort，butalltothepoint．Bythen，IrealizedIshouldhavemademineshorterandclearer．Itwasobviouswhowould（5）D．Fortherestoftheday，Ifeltlikeitwasover．Iwantedtojustgohomeandcry，butImadeitthrough．My（6）Bwasright：Ididn'twin．Thenextday，peoplewerestilltalkingabouttheelection．Ijustpretended（假装）nottohear．Butlater，thingsgotbetter．People（7）Aabouttheelectionandtalkedtomejustastheydidbefore．Idon'tregretputtingtimeandenergyintotheelectionbecauseI'velearnedthatthingsaren'talwaysgoingthewayIexpect．Andmomentsoffailurelikethisbuild（8）C﹣sincethenI'velearnedtofacedisappointmentandgrownstronger．（1）A．boredB．afraidC．excitedD．hopeful（2）A．compareB．rememberC．manageD．repeat（3）A．fullyB．quicklyC．freshlyD．physically（4）A．fearedB．facedC．mentionedD．pictured（5）A．insistB．returnC．waitD．win（6）A．suggestionB．predictionC．directionD．introduction（7）A．forgotB．wroteC．caredD．discussed（8）A．trustB．prideC．characterD．support【微点】记叙文．【思路】我信心满满的参与竞选班长，准备很长时间，准备的很充分．在竞选的那一天，同学们对我不是欢迎．结果我落选了．我从中受益良多．【解析】（1）B考查形容词．bored无聊的；afraid害怕的；excited兴奋的；hopeful有希望的．根据下文"thatpeoplewouldfeelbadformeifIlost"因此可知这句话的意思是"但是我又害怕如果我落选的话，人们会为我感到难过．"故选B．（2）C考查动词．compare比较；remember记住；manage设法做到；repeat重复．根据"Myplanwasn'ttomakepromisestodothingsIcouldn't（2）_____buttoshowmyclasswhyIwantedtobepresident．"通过分析句子结构可知这句话的意思是"我的计划不是许诺我设法做到什么事情而只是向同学们表面我想当班长．"故选C．（3）A考查副词．fully满满地；quickly快地；freshly新鲜地；physically身体上地．根据上文"Iputupmypostersinhallwaysandintheclassroom．Ialsospentthreehourswritingmyspeech，sayingthatIwastheonetheycouldturntowhenevertheyhadaproblem．"因此可知这句话的意思是"既然我做了充分地准备，我觉得我获胜的机会更大了．"故选A．（4）D考查动词．feared害怕；faced面对；mentioned提及；pictured想象．根据"Ifeltthatmychancesofwinningwerestrong．"以及"theresponse（反应）wasn't"因此可知这句话的意思是"然而，在竞选的那天我演讲的时候，反应并不是我想象的那样．"故选D．（5）D考查动词．insist坚持；return返回；wait等待；win获胜．根据下文"Iwantedtojustgohomeandcry"因此可知这句话的意思是"谁会获胜是很明显的．"故选D．（6）B考查名词．suggestion建议；prediction预测；direction方向；introduction介绍．根据空格后面的词语是wasright：Ididn'twin．因此可知这句话的意思是"我的预测是正确的：我没有获胜．"（7）A考查动词．forgot忘记；wrote写；cared关心；discussed讨论．根据上文"Butlater，thingsgotbetter．"以及"talkedtomejustastheydidbefore"因此可知这句话的意思是"人们忘记了选举的时期，和我说话和以前一样了．"故选A．（8）C考查名词．trust信任；pride自豪；character性格；support支持．根据"I'velearnedtofacedisappointmentandgrownstronger．"因此可知这句话的意思是"失败的时刻就像性格的养成一样，自从那以后，我就学会了如何面对失望和变得更强大．"故选C．【点拨】首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，从中找出最符合短文的选项，就可以确定正确答案．阅读理解（共36分）三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．（共26分）14．（6分）ExperiencingChinaMike，CanadaIspentthreemonthswithmyhostfamily（接待家庭）inChina．Itwasalifetimeexperience．IwasabletoexperienceChineselivingandculture，frombasicTaiChitoBeijingOpera．IevenvisitedafamoustraditionalChinesemedicinehospital．NowIhaveabetterunderstandingofChineseculture．Joanna，AustraliaIstayedwithmyhostfamilyforfivemonths．MyhostmotherisaChineseteacherandsheisreallywarm﹣hearted．Withherhelp，myChinesehasimprovedalot．AndIhavegotusedtoanewculture．MyfavoritepartoftheexperiencewassharingmyfeelingsinChinawithher．Bill，AmericaMyhostmotherisawonderfulcook!ShemakesmeallkindsoftraditionalChinesedishes．TheyaretastyandIlikethemverymuch．Justlikeme，myhostparentslovetolearnaboutdifferentcultures．TheyoftenaskmequestionsaboutlifeinAmerica．Cindy，GermanyRecentlyItookpartinaprogramtostudyChinese．IlivedwithahostfamilyinChinaforsixmonths．Myhostsisterisareallyhardworkingstudent．ItwasamazingtoseehowshemadeprogressinEnglish．Andacloserelationshiphasdevelopedbetweenus．（1）WhovisitedatraditionalChinesemedicinehospital？AA．Mike．B．Joanna．C．Bill．D．Cindy．（2）HowlongdidJoannastaywithherhostfamilyinChina？CA．Threemonths．B．Fourmonths．C．Fivemonths．D．Sixmonths．（3）CindythinksherhostsisterisD．A．awonderfulcookB．aresponsibledoctorC．awarm﹣heartedteacherD．ahardworkingstudent【微点】人物故事类阅读．【思路】文章主要讲了3个外国学生在中国的学习经历．【解析】1．A．细节理解题．根据IevenvisitedafamoustraditionalChinesemedicinehospital我甚至参观了一家著名的中医医院，结合表格内容，可知是Mike参观了一家著名的中医医院，故选A．2．C．细节理解题．根据Istayedwithmyhostfamilyforfivemonths我和我的寄宿家庭呆了五个月，可知是5个月，故选C．3．D．细节理解题．根据Myhostsisterisareallyhardworkingstudent，可知她认为寄宿家庭的姐姐是一个非常用功的学生，故选D．【点拨】首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案．最后再通读全文，核对答案．15．（6分）BlueLightningSallylovedcarsmorethananythingelse．Thisspringshethoughtofbuildingago﹣karttoenterfortheGo﹣GoRace．Sosheaskedherdadforhelp．"Well，"hesaid．"Howaboutthis：youdosomeresearchfirstandthencomebacktomewithadesign．"Aweeklater，SallybroughthernotesanddrawingstoDad．Shenamedhergo﹣kart"BlueLightning"．Dadlookedoverherwork，thinking．"Well，that'sinteresting，"hesaid．"Haveatry．JustbuildBlueLightningasyou'vedesigned．"Overthreeweekendsofhardwork，Sallyturnedherdesignintoareal，workinggo﹣kartandpainteditlightblue．Dadaskedhertotakeitforatestdrive．Sallyagreed．Aftershedidthat，SallydrovebacktoDad．"Well，"shesaid．"NowIknowwhyyouwantedmetohaveatestdrive．""Oh，doyou？"hesaid．"Pleaseshare．""WhenIdrovefast，therewasalotofpushback，"shesaid．"Ithinkit'sbecauseofthelightningbolt（闪电）shape．""Verygood!"Dadsaid．"So，whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutthatprobleminthefirstplace？"Sallyasked．Dadlaughed．"Where'sthefuninthat？Ifyougiveamanafish，he'lleatforaday．Butifyouteachamantofish，he'lleatforalifetime．"Sallysaid，"Isee．Anyway，designingishalfthefun!"Dadsmiled．"Good．Sometimes，learninghappensduringtheprocess．Welearnhowtodosomethingrightbydoingitafewtimesfirstandmakingmistakesalongtheway．"ThatencouragedSallyandsheworkedevenharder．WhensheshowedDadhernewgo﹣kart，henoddedwithpride．Finallycametherace．Sallywasn'tworriedaboutwhethershewouldwin﹣inhermind，shehadalreadywon，bybuildingsomethingbetterthaneverbefore．（1）Sallythoughtofbuildingago﹣karttoB．A．practicedrivingB．enterforaraceC．playwithfriendsD．dosomeresearch（2）WhatdidSally'sdadaskhertodoaftershebuiltthego﹣kart？AA．Tohaveatestdrive．B．Totakeagoodrest．C．Togiveitacoolname．D．Topaintitlightblue．（3）Sally'sstorymainlytellsusthatD．A．winningaraceisimportantB．fishingbringsusalotoffunC．drivingexperienceisnecessaryD．learninghappensduringtheprocess【微点】人物故事类阅读．【思路】这篇文章，通过Sally制作卡丁车的小故事，告诉我们凡事要去动手做，在做的过程中，我们一定会有所收获．【解析】1．B细节理解题．线索句为：Thisspringshethoughtofbuildingago﹣karttoenterfortheGo﹣GoRace．意为"今年春天她打算做一个卡丁车参加卡丁车赛．"结合句意可知，Sally做卡丁车的目的，就是为了参加比赛，故选：B．2．A细节理解题．线索句为：Overthreeweekendsofhardwork，Sallyturnedherdesignintoareal，workinggo﹣kartandpainteditlightblue．Dadaskedhertotakeitforatestdrive．意为"在三个多星期的艰苦工作之后，Sally把她的设计变成了一辆真正的、能够运转的卡丁车，并且把它涂成了浅蓝色．父亲叫她带它做第一次试驾．"，结合句意可知，在她做完了卡丁车之后，她的父亲叫她测试驾驶，故选：A．3．D主旨大意题．线索句为：Good．Sometimes，learninghappensduringtheprocess．意为"很好，有时候，在作事的过程中，我们就会学到东西．"结合句意可知，学习发生在作事的过程之中，故选：D．【点拨】面对此类试题，要擅长从文中找出解答的线索，同时，要掌握全文大意，结合文意进行作答．16．（6分）Sometimesitseemsthattimeisflying．Perhapsitdoesn'tneedtofeelthisway．Ourexperienceoftimecanbepossiblychanged．Byunderstandingthepsychological（心理学的）processesbehindourdifferentexperiencesoftime，wemightbeabletoslowdowntimealittle．Onebasiclawofpsychologicaltimeisthattimeseemstoslowdownwhenwe'reexposed（接触）tonewenvironmentsandexperiences．Thelawiscausedbytherelationshipbetweenourexperienceoftimeandtheamountofinformationourmindsprocess．Themoreinformationourmindstakein，theslowertimeseemstopass．Itfollows，then，thatwehavedifferentexperiencesoftimeindifferentsituations．Insomesituations，ourlifeisfullofnewexperiences．Ourmindsprocessalotofinformationandtimeseemstoslowdown．Inothersituations，wehavefewernewexperiencesandtheworldaroundusbecomesmoreandmorefamiliar（熟悉的）．Webecomeinsensitivetoourexperience，whichmeansweprocesslessinformation，andtimeseemstospeedup．Howcanweslowdowntime？Herearetwosuggestions．Firstly，sinceweknowthatfamiliaritymakestimepassfaster，wecanexposeourselvestoasmanynewexperiencesaspossible．Wecangiveourselvesnewchallenges，meetnewpeople，andexposeourmindstonewinformation，hobbiesandskills．Thiswillincreasetheamountofinformationourmindsprocessandexpand（增加）ourexperienceoftime．Secondly，andperhapsmosteffectively，wecangiveourwholeattentiontoanexperience﹣towhatweareseeing，feeling，tasting，smellingorhearing．Thismeanslivingthroughoursensesratherthanthroughourthoughts．Forexample，onthewayhome，focusyourattentionoutsideofyourself，insteadofthinkingabouttheproblemsyouhavetodealwith．Lookatthesky，oratthebuildingsyoupass，travelingamongthem．Thisopenattitudetoyourexperienceshelpstakeinmoreinformationandalsohasatime﹣expandingeffect．Toacertaindegree，wecanunderstandandcontrolourexperienceoftimepassing．It'spossibleforustoslowdowntimebyexpandingourexperienceoftime．（1）Accordingtothewriter，wecanexpandourexperienceoftimebyB．A．goingtobedontimeB．travelingtonewplacesC．havingdinnerasusualD．printingthesamematerials（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？CA．Beingfamiliarwiththeworldaroundhelpsusgetmoreinformation．B．Understandingpsychologicaltimemakeslifepassmorequickly．C．Wecantakeinmoreinformationbylivingthroughoursenses．D．Weshouldbuildastrongerrelationshipbetweentimeandus．（3）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？AA．SlowDownTimeB．OnlyTimeWillTellC．RaceAgainstTimeD．TimeWillNotComeTwice【微点】日常生活类阅读．【思路】文章介绍了心理学研究发现熟悉的事物会让时间过得很快，并讲了如何放慢时间．【解析】（1）B细节理解题．根据Firstly，sinceweknowthatfamiliaritymakestimepassfaster，wecanexposeourselvestoasmanynewexperiencesaspossible．Wecangiveourselvesnewchallenges，meetnewpeople，andexposeourmindstonewinformation，hobbiesandskills，首先，因为我们知道熟悉会让时间过得更快，所以我们可以让自己接触尽可能多的新体验．我们可以给自己新的挑战，认识新的人，让我们的头脑接触新的信息、爱好和技能，可知要拓宽对时间的体验可以去接触新事物，比如去新的地方旅游，故选B．（2）C．细节理解题．根据Thismeanslivingthroughoursensesratherthanthroughourthoughts．Forexample，onthewayhome，focusyourattentionoutsideofyourself，insteadofthinkingabouttheproblemsyouhavetodealwith．Lookatthesky，oratthebuildingsyoupass，travelingamongthem．Thisopenattitudetoyourexperienceshelpstakeinmoreinformationandalsohasatime﹣expandingeffect这意味着通过我们的感官而不是思想生活．例如，在回家的路上，把你的注意力集中在你自己之外，而不是思考你必须处理的问题．看看天空，或者你路过的建筑，在它们中间穿行．这种对你的经历的开放态度有助于吸收更多的信息，也有一种时间扩张的效果，可知通过感官，我们可以吸收更多的信息，故选C．（3）A．主旨大意题．根据Howcanweslowdowntime？Herearetwosuggestions我们怎样才能放慢时间？这里有两个建议，结合文章内容，文章介绍了心理学研究发现熟悉的事物会让时间过得很快，并讲了如何放慢时间，故选A．【点拨】首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案．最后再通读全文，核对答案．17．（8分）HowMuchCanWeAffordtoForget？In2018，Sciencemagazineaskedsomeyoungscientistswhatschoolsshouldteachstudents．Mostsaidstudentsshouldspendlesstimememorizingfactsandhavemorespaceforcreativeactivities．AstheInternetgrowsmorepowerful，studentscanaccess（获得）knowledgeeasily．Whyshouldtheyberequiredtocarrysomuchofitaroundintheirheads？Civilizations（文明）developthroughforgettinglifeskillsthatwereoncenecessary．IntheAgricultural（农业的）Age，afarmercouldaffordtoforgethuntingskills．Whensocietiesindustrialized，theknowledgeoffarmingcouldbesafetoforget．Nowadays，smartmachinesgiveusaccesstomosthumanknowledge．Itseemsthatwenolongerneedtoremembermostthings．Doesitmatter？Researchershaverecognizedseveralproblemsthatmayhappen．Forone，humanbeingshavebiases（偏见），andsmartmachinesarelikelytoincreaseourbiases．Manypeoplebelievesmartmachinesarenecessarilycorrectandobjective，butmachinesaretrainedthrougharepeatedtestingandscoringprocess．Intheprocess，humanbeingsstilldecideonthecorrectanswers．Anotherproblemrelatestotheeaseofaccessinginformation．Whentherewerenocomputers，effortswererequiredtogetknowledgefromotherpeople，orgotothelibrary．Weknowwhatknowledgeliesinotherbrainsorbooks，andwhatliesinourheads．Buttoday，theInternetgivesustheinformationweneedquickly．Thiscanleadtothemistakenbelief﹣theknowledgewefoundwaspartofwhatweknewallalong．Inanewcivilizationrichinmachineintelligence，wehaveeasyaccesstosmartmemorynetworkswhereinformationisstored．Butdependencyonanetworksuggestspossibilitiesofbeingharmedeasily．Thecollapseofanyofthenetworksofrelationsourwell﹣being（健康）dependsupon，suchasfoodandenergy，wouldproduceterribleresults．Withoutfoodwegethungry；withoutenergywefeelcold．Anditisthroughwidespreadlossofmemorythatcivilizationsareatriskoffallingintoadarkage．Weforgetoldwaystofreeuptimeandspacefornewskills．Aslongastheolderformsofknowledgearestoredsomewhereinournetworks，andcanbefoundwhenweneedthem，perhapsthey'renotreallyforgotten．Still，astimegoeson，wegraduallybutunquestionablybecomestrangerstofuturepeople．（1）Whyaresmartmachineslikelytoincreaseourbiases？BA．Becausetheygooffcourseintestingandscoring．B．Becausewecontrolthetrainingprocessonthem，C．Becauseweofferthemtoomuchinformation．D．Becausetheyoverusetheprovidedanswers．（2）TheeaseofaccessinginformationfromtheInternetC•A．freesusfrommakingeffortstolearnnewskillsB．preventscivilizationsfrombeinglostatahighspeedC．misleadsusintothinkingwealreadyknewtheknowledgeD．separatesthefactswehavefromthoseinthesmartmachines（3）Theword"collapse"inParagraph5probablymeans"A"．A．asuddenfailureB．thebasicruleC．adisappointingstartD．thegradualdevelopment（4）Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage？DA．Toquestionaboutthestandardsofinformationstorage．B．Todiscussourproblemsofcommunicationwithmachines．C．Tostresstheimportanceofimprovingourmemorizingability．D．Toremindusoftheriskofdependingonmachinestoremember．【微点】日常生活类阅读．【思路】文章主要讲了科技的发展，人们越来越依赖科技，但这也带来了许多的不利之处．【解析】1．B内容理解题．根据第三段smartmachinesarelikelytoincreaseourbiases．Manypeoplebelievesmartmachinesarenecessarilycorrectandobjective，butmachinesaretrainedthrougharepeatedtestingandscoringprocess．Intheprocess，humanbeingsstilldecideonthecorrectanswers智能机器可能会增加我们的偏见．许多人认为智能机器必然是正确和客观的，但是机器是通过反复的测试和评分过程来训练的．在这个过程中，人类仍然决定正确的答案，可知因为是技术人员操纵着智能机器，故选B．2．C内容理解题．根据第四段Buttoday，theInternetgivesustheinformationweneedquickly．Thiscanleadtothemistakenbelief﹣theknowledgewefoundwaspartofwhatweknewallalong但是今天，互联网迅速给了我们我们需要的信息．这可能导致错误的信念﹣﹣我们发现的知识是我们一直以来所知道的知识的一部分，可知会导致人们错误的认为自己已经知道了知识，故选C．3．A内容理解题．根据suchasfoodandenergy，wouldproduceterribleresults．Withoutfoodwegethungry；withoutenergywefeelcold．Anditisthroughwidespreadlossofmemorythatcivilizationsareatriskoffallingintoadarkage比如食物和能源，会产生可怕的结果．没有食物，我们会挨饿；没有能量，我们会感到寒冷．正是由于记忆的广泛丧失，文明有陷入黑暗时代的危险，可知上文讲的是我们的健康依赖的任何关系网络的崩溃，collapse意思是坍塌、崩溃，与A突然的失败，意思相近，故选A．4．D主旨大意题．根据Researchershaverecognizedseveralproblemsthatmayhappen．Forone，humanbeingshavebiases，andsmartmachinesarelikelytoincreaseourbiases研究人员已经认识到可能发生的几个问题．首先，人类有偏见，智能机器可能会增加我们的偏见和Anotherproblemrelatestotheeaseofaccessinginformation另一个问题与获取信息的便利性有关，联系文章内容，文章主要讲了科技的发展，人们越来越依赖科技，但这也带来了许多的不利之处，可知是告诉我们不要太依赖智能机器，故选D．【点拨】首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案．最后再通读全文，核对答案．四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10分，每小题10分）18．（10分）HugeWavesDestroyingArcticIceFasterthanExpectedIcecoversmuchoftheArcticOcean（北冰洋）．Somepiecesoficearehuge，likemovingislands．Astemperatureshaveincreased，however，someoftheicehasbeguntodisappear．Scientistshavediscoveredhugewaves（海浪）inthearcticwaters．ThewaveswerediscoveredbyaccidentinMay，2010．ScientistAlekseyMarchenkoandhisstudentssetoutonatrip．Theywantedtostudytheicywaters．OnMay2，theshiptraveledeastandstoppednexttoalargechunkofice．around50milesfromthesmallislandofHopen．MarchenkopreparedtoleadhisstudentsoutontotheIce"WewerereadytogobutwhenIwentout，Idiscoveredmanycracks（裂缝）around，"heremembers．Hedecidedtomovetheshipdeeperintotheicetokeepsafe．Thefartherintheywent，hethought，thehardertheicewouldbecome．Astheypushedforward，however，theshipexperiencedsmallwaves，andthenbiggerones．Soon，thewavesbrokeuptheicearoundtheshipintothousandsofsmallerpieces．Withinanhour，Marchenkoandhisteamsawawavethatwasabout13feethigh．Theship'snavigation（航行）systemfinallyrecordedthelargestwaves．Theyweremorethan20feetinheight．Thewavesweresostrongthattheyforcedhugepiecesoficetojumpupanddown，breakingtheiceintosmallerpieceswithinjustonehour．Scientistshadneverimaginedthattheprocesscouldhappensofast．Thewavesintheseareasusedtobesmall．Thespeedandforceofthehugewavestheremakesitimpossibletoknowinadvancewhentheyarecoming．Thatcouldbedangerousfornavigatorsandlocalcommunitieswhoareunpreparedforhugewavesordependonseaicetoprotectthem．Wildlifelikepolarbearsandwalrusesthatdependonseaicetoliveisalsoindanger．Somescientiststhinkpeoplewillsoonseeevenbiggerwavesintheseicywaters．Aswavesbreakupice，theseaswillbecomemoreopen，andthewaveswillgetevenstronger．Therearestormytimesahead．（1）WhendidMarchenkoandhisstudentsdiscoverhugewavesinthearcticwaters？InMay，2010．（2）WhydidMarchenkoandhisstudentssetoutonthetrip？Becausetheywantedtostudytheicywaters．（3）WhatdidMarchenkodecidetodotokeepsafe？Hemovedtheshipdeeperintotheicetokeepsafe．（4）Howhighwerethelargestwavesrecordedbythenavigationsystem？Morethan20feet．（5）WhatisParagraph7mainlyabout？ThedangersofthehugewavestopeopleandwildlifeinArctic．【微点】阅读表达．【思路】本文说的是北极冰块巨浪的危险性．文章介绍了这种巨浪的发现时间和发现过程及其对人和野生动物的危害性．【解析】1．InMay，2010．细节理解题．根据文中"ThewaveswerediscoveredbyaccidentinMay，2010"可知，海浪于2010年在被偶然发现．故答案是：InMay，2010．2．Becausetheywantedtostudytheicywaters．细节理解题．根据文中"Theywantedtostudytheicywaters"可知，他们想研究冰冷的水体．故答案是：Becausetheywantedtostudytheicywaters．3．Hemovedtheshipdeeperintotheicetokeepsafe．细节理解题．根据文中"Hedecidedtomovetheshipdeeperintotheicetokeepsafe"可知，他决定把船开到冰的更深处，以便保持安全．故答案是：Hemovedtheshipdeeperintotheicetokeepsafe．4．Morethan20feet．细节理解题．根据文中"Theyweremorethan20feetinheight"可知，它们有20英尺高．故答案是：morethan20feet．5．ThedangersofthehugewavestopeopleandwildlifeinArctic．细节理解题．根据文中"Thatcouldbedangerousfornavigatorsandlocalcommunitieswhoareunpreparedforhugewavesordependonseaicetoprotectthem"和"Wildlifelikepolarbearsandwalrusesthatdependonseaicetoliveisalsoindanger"可知，这对海员和当地社区是危险的．靠海冰生活的野生动物（比如北极熊和海象）面临危险，故知本段说的是巨浪对人和北极地区的野生动物的危害性．故答案是：ThedangersofthehugewavestopeopleandwildlifeinArctic．【点拨】首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案．五、文段表达（10分）从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作．文中已给出内容不计入总词数．所给提示词语仅供选用．请不要写出你的校名和姓名．题目①19．（10分）假如你是李华，你们学校正在开展"安全月"宣传活动，倡议大家制作关于安全教育的主题海报，你们班交换生Peter给你发邮件询问相关事情．请用英语回复一封邮件，告诉他海报上交的时间，并分享你设计海报的一些想法．提示词语：design，safetyrule，careful，protect，picture提示问题：Whenshouldyouhandintheposter？WhatwouldyouliketosharewithPeteraboutdesigningtheposter？DearPeter，I'mgladtoreceiveyouremail．_________．IfthereisanythingmorethatIcanhelpwith，pleaseletmeknow．Yours，LiHua【微点】提纲作文．【思路】高分句型一：First，thebasicsafetyrulesareofgreatimportance，whichshouldbeincludedinyourposter．首先，基本安全规则非常重要，这应该包括在你的海报里．beofgreatimportance非常重要，whichshouldbeincludedinyourposter．非限制性定语从句高分句型二：Inaddition，itisagoodideaforyoutodrawafewpicturesonyourposterso