北京理工大学考博英语历年真题及详解

2002年北京理工大学考博英语真题及详解PartI ListeningComprehension(20points)（略）PartII Vocabulary(20points,0.5pointforeach)SectionADirections:Thereare20questionsinthissection.Eachquestionisasentencewithonewordorphraseunderlined.BelowthesentencearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.MarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossitonyourAnswerSheet.16．Mylandladyisalwaystryingtomeddleineverythingwedo.A.interfereB.intrudeC.orderD.encase【答案】A查看答案【解析】meddleinsth.干预，干涉，管闲事。interfereinsth.干涉，介入，干预。intrudeintosth.闯入，侵入，打扰。order命令，订购，定制。encase装入，包住，围。17．NatureconstantlyyieldstomaninNewYork:witnessthosefragilesidewalktreesgamelystragglingagainstencroachingcementandpetrolfumes.A.turnstoB.giveswaytoC.recedestoD.getsbackto【答案】B查看答案【解析】yieldto屈服，让步。givewayto让步，让路。turnto转向，变成，求助于。recedeto后退，避开。getbacktosb.以后再对某人说或给某人写信。getbacktosth.回到某事物上。18．Thesmallgroupofonlookerspresentedapatheticsightanddidnothingtohelpthedrowningchild.A.pitiableB.unreasonableC.depressingD.immoral【答案】A查看答案【解析】pathetic可怜的，悲惨的。pitiable可怜的。unreasonable不讲道理的，不合理的。depressing压抑的，阴沉的，烦闷的。immoral不道德的，邪恶的。19．Hardywasstimulatedbythesights,soundsandsmellsabouthim；hewasenjoyinghissensuousexperience.A.sensationalB.sentimentalC.sensitiveD.sensible【答案】A查看答案【解析】sensuous刺激感官的，给感官以快感的。sensational极好的，绝妙的。sentimental感伤性的，感情脆弱的。sensitive敏感的，灵敏的。sensible有感觉的，明智的，有判断力的。20．HiscompanyempoweredtheyoungengineertonegotiatethecontracttobesignedwiththeAmericanMicrosoft.A.enforcedB.strengthenedC.orderedD.authorized【答案】D查看答案【解析】empower授权与，使能够。authorize批准。enforce强迫，执行，坚持。strengthen加强，巩固。order命令，订购，定制。21．IwishIcouldreportadazzlingsuccessbutinfactitdoesnotquitecomeoff.Idon’tthinkImayliveupformyfather’sexpectation.A.comeontimeB.gooffwellC.appearproperlyD.boildownto【答案】B查看答案【解析】comeoff实现，成为。gooffwell进行或发生得很成功。comeontime及时出现。appearproperly适当出现。boildownto归结为。22．ThePakistangovernmentisleaningontheTalibangovernmenttohandoverOsamatosavethisentireregionfromcatastrophe.A.unhappinessB.disasterC.depressionD.tragedy【答案】B查看答案【解析】catastrophe大灾难。disaster灾难，天灾。unhappiness忧愁，苦恼。depression沮丧，低沉。tragedy悲剧，惨案。23．ThegroupisdedicatedtopreventingthePLOfromenteringpeacenegotiationswithJordan.A.contributedB.cementedC.devotedD.dispatched【答案】C查看答案【解析】dedicated专注的，献身于。devoted投入的。contributeto“致力于，贡献于”，一般不用被动。cement巩固，粘牢。dispatch分派，派遣。24．Withthedevelopmentofsophisticatedinstruments,earthquakewillbecomepredictable.A.advancedB.delicateC.dedicatedD.difficult【答案】A查看答案【解析】sophisticated复杂的，精良的，尖端的。advanced高级的，先进的。delicate精巧的，精致的，脆弱的。dedicated专注的，献身的。difficult困难的，艰难的。25．Theongoingnegotiationreliedonunorthodoxchannels,avoidingthedullStateDepartment,whichhedisdained.A.respectedB.neglectedC.deniedD.despised【答案】D查看答案【解析】disdain蔑视，鄙弃。despise轻视。respect尊敬，尊重。neglect忽视，疏忽。deny否认，拒绝。26．Theseveranceofchurchandstateisabasicprincipleofourgovernment.A.integrationB.discriminationC.separationD.exposition【答案】C查看答案【解析】severance中断，切割。separation分离，分开。integration综合。discrimination辨别，识别，歧视。exposition说明，暴露，博览会。27．Oneoftheconsequencesofadvancedcognitiveabilityhasbeentheemergenceofculturallife.A.commendableB.compilingC.perceptiveD.pertinent【答案】C查看答案【解析】cognitive认知的，认识的，有感知的。perceptive感知的，有理解力的。commendable值得表扬的。compile编辑，编撰，汇编。pertinent有关的，相关的，中肯的。28．Somecorpsesweresobadlydismemberedthattheycouldn’tbeidentifiedasmenorwomen,A.dismissedB.severedC.dispersedD.disposed【答案】B查看答案【解析】dismember切断，肢解。sever切断，割断。dismiss解散。disperse散开，消散。dispose处理，处置，部署。29．Hetriedbutfailedinhisattempttoavoidbeingprosecutedbypracticingbribery.A.sentencedbyB.accusedofC.condemnedofD.blamedfor【答案】B查看答案【解析】beprosecuted告发，起诉。beaccusedof被指控，控告。besentencedby判刑。becondemnedto宣告惩罚，判刑。beblamedfor责怪，责备，埋怨。30．ThereisalargejointprogrammeofdevelopmentamongleadingUScomputercompanies,andIBM,thoughitsaysnothing,maywellhavethebiggestprogrammeofall.A.prosecutedB.consolidatedC.unifiedD.boosted【答案】C查看答案【解析】joint共同的，联合的，合办的。unified统一的，一致的。prosecute检举，告发；从事。consolidated巩固的。boost增强，提高；鼓励；促进。31．Theideaoftimeisincorporatedinalllanguagesoftheworld.A.assignedB.containedC.indicatedD.evidenced【答案】B查看答案【解析】incorporate合并，混合。contain包含，容纳。assign分配，指派。indicate指出，显示，象征。evidence明显，明白，显著。32．Nailpolishismadefromcelluloselacquer,andopaquenailpolishcanbemadebyaddingtitaniumoxide.A.varnishB.waxC.resinD.tallow【答案】A查看答案【解析】lacquer漆。varnish清漆。wax蜡。resin树脂。tallow牛脂，动物脂。33．Hemadeadispatchforaspecificpurpose.A.expeditionB.punchC.declarationD.raid【答案】A查看答案【解析】dispatch派遣，分派。expedition派遣，远征。punch打孔器，冲床；一击，一拳。declaration宣布，宣言，声明。raid袭击，搜捕。34．Agoalofmoderndanceoftenistoexpressthedancer’sinnermostfeelingsandemotions.A.mostoriginalB.mostpersonalC.mostselfishD.mostenchanting【答案】B查看答案【解析】innermost最里面的，内心的，秘密的，有关个人的。enchanting迷人的，迷惑的，妩媚的。35．Thefreshmenwillbenotifiedregardingthecollegeplacementexamination.A.condonedB.informedC.emulatedD.deformed【答案】B查看答案【解析】notify通报。inform通知，告诉，告知。condone宽恕，赦免。emulate仿效。deform（使）变形。SectionBDirections:Thereare20questionsinthissection.Eachquestionisasentencewithsomethingmissing.BeloweachsentencearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossitonyourAnswerSheet.36．Profitsharingisagood______foremployees.A.treatmentB.experimentC.incentiveD.reinforce【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：对员工来说，收益共享是个很好的激励手段。incentive刺激，奖励。treatment待遇，对待，处理。experiment实验，试验。reinforce加固物。37．Socialworkersoftenuse______intheirresearch.A.fraudsB.narrationsC.refutationsD.questionnaire【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：社会工作人员常常在他们的调查中使用调查问卷表。questionnaire调查表，问卷。fraud欺骗，欺诈，假货。narration叙述。refutation驳斥。38．Hisfellowworkerslikeandrespecthimbecauseheisamanof______.A.sincerityB.injusticeC.inquiryD.hostility【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：他的真挚赢得了同事的喜欢和尊重。sincerity诚挚，真诚。injustice不公平，不讲道义。inquiry质询，调查。hostility敌意，恶意，不友善。39．TheWorldWarIIendedduringTruman’s______.A.PresidencyB.successionC.realmD.duration【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：二战结束于杜鲁门任期时。presidency任期。succession连续，继承，继任。realm领域。duration持续时间，为期。40．______metalranoutofthefurnace.A.MoltenB.GradedC.WeldedD.Consolidated【答案】A查看答案【解析】molten熔化的，熔融的。graded等级的，分级的。welded焊接的。consolidated加固的。41．Thespokesinabicyclewheelarearrangedina______pattern.A.radialB.radicalC.sphericalD.spiral【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：自行车车轮的轮辐呈放射状。radial放射状的。radical根本的，基本的，激进的。spherical球的，球形的。spiral螺旋形的。42．Hisvoice______hisWelshoriginsthoughhehasbeenlivinginNewYorkfor25years.A.preservesB.mufflesC.monitorsD.betrays【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：尽管他已在纽约生活了25年，他的声音暴露了他的威尔士出身。betray出卖，背叛，泄露。preserve保护，保存，保持。muffle包，蒙住，压抑（声音）。monitor监控。43．Ihopemystudentswillallowa______forerrorcorrection.A.quotaB.marginC.burialD.fringe【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我希望同学们能留出一个空处用来改错。margin页边的空白，边缘，极限。quota配额，限额。burial埋葬。fringe边缘，须边，刘海。44．Manypeoplenowadays______anoaththathewillnevergetmarried.A.quoteB.swearC.declareD.claim【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：现今很多人发誓将不会结婚。swear宣誓，发誓。quote引用，引证。declare断言，宣称，宣布。claim要求，认领，声称，主张。45．Adietof______foodisservedtoeveryhospitalpatient.A.filthyB.clinicalC.nourishingD.stuffy【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：每个医院的病人都能享受到营养餐。nourishing有营养的，滋养多的。filthy不洁的，污秽的，丑恶的。clinical临床的，病房用的。stuffy乏味的。46．Thedoctorsaid:“I’mgoingto______acourseoftreatmentforyou.”A.disposeB.hypothesizeC.manipulateD.prescribe【答案】D查看答案【解析】prescribe指示，规定；处方，开药。dispose处理，处置，部署。hypothesize假设，假定，猜测。manipulate操作，操纵。47．Hewentontosaythathewouldgotohishometownin______ofpeace.A.questB.allowanceC.thirstD.greed【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：他接着说他将回家乡寻求和平。inquestof寻求。allowance津贴，补助。thirst口渴，渴望，一般与for连用。greed贪欲，贪婪。48．Mygrandmother______thephotographsofhertwograndchildren.A.comprisesB.treasuresC.offendsD.notarizes【答案】B查看答案【解析】treasure珍爱，珍惜，珍藏。comprise包含，由…组成。offend犯罪，冒犯。notarize证明，确认。49．Hemightcheathisfriendsinacheapcardgame,butheremainsbasically______inhisbusinessdealings.A.suspiciousB.sophisticatedC.straightforwardD.shrewd【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：他可能在廉价的纸牌游戏中欺骗他的朋友，但他在生意场上仍然是正直坦率的。straightforward正直的，坦率的。suspicious可疑的，怀疑的。sophisticated诡辩的，久经世故的。shrewd精明的。50．Iftheworldwasreallylikewhatthefigurepictures,theneachindividualtodaywouldhaveonlyone______ahundredoramilliongeneration.A.manufacturerB.offspringC.descendantD.ancestor【答案】D查看答案【解析】ancestor祖先，祖宗。manufacturer制造业者，厂商。offspring儿女，子孙，后代。descendant子孙，后裔，后代。51．Wefinishthischapterbygivingyouexamplesofnutritious,wellbalancedeasymeals.Thesearenotatalloriginalor     butarebasedontheordinarythingsthatmostpeopletendtoeat______.A.exoticB.majesticC.weirdD.provincial【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：我们以营养的、均衡的简易餐为例来结束这一章。这些饭绝不是独创的或外来的，仅仅只是大多数人平时吃的普通食物。exotic异国情调的，外来的，奇异的。majestic宏伟的，庄严的。weird怪异的，神秘的，不可思议的。provincial省的。52．Forthecastofthismightyepic,Vidal______hisbrilliantfamilyandsocialconnections,whichincludedMaryPickford,MarionDaviesandthrongsforthepoliticalworld.A.drewoffB.drewoutC.drewupD.drewon【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：为了这项伟大的事业，Vidal动用了他显赫的家世以及社会关系，其中包括MaryPickford，MarionDavies和政治圈里的帮派。drawon使用，运用，利用。drawoff撤退，排除（水）。drawout伸出，拉长；鼓励某人说话等。drawup草拟，停住，逼近。53．Eventuallytherarergeneswilldisappearandthegenetictypes______leavingfeweroffspringwillbecome.A.extinguishedB.extraordinaryC.extinctD.extreme【答案】A查看答案【解析】extinguish消灭，不复存在。extraordinary非凡的，异常的。extinct（物种）灭绝。extreme极端的，偏激的。54．Inviewofthedepressionofthenationaleconomy,thereareplansto______amuchgreaterharvestfromthetimberresource.A.excelB.expelC.expireD.extract【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：鉴于全国经济低靡，人们计划从木材资源中获得更多的利润。extract获取，吸取。excel优秀，胜过他人。expel驱逐，开除，排出。expire期满，终止。55．Atthattimetheearningsoftheboxerswere______andtheycouldmakemoneyfortheirfollowersaswell.A.faintB.fabricC.fragileD.fabulous【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：那时拳击手的收入是很惊人的，他们能为他们的后代挣足够的钱。fabulous惊人的，难以置信的。faint虚弱的，衰弱的。fabric织物，织品。fragile易碎的，脆的。PartIII Cloze（10points,0.5foreach）Directions:Therearetwentyblanksinthefollowingpassage.Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosetherightwordorphrasefromthechoicesgivenbelowforeachoftheblanks.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Criticsofearlyschoolingciteresearchthatquestionswhether4-year-oldchildrenarereadytotakeonformallearning.Educatorsfindthat(56)_____toddlersaremorelikelytosucceedduringtheirschoolcareers.(57)_____theiryoungercounterpartsaremorelikelyto(58)_____Kindergartenchildrenwhoturnfiveduringthe(59)_____halfoftheyearseemtobeatadisadvantagewhenit(60)_____physical,emotional,social,andintellectualdevelopment.Additionally,childrenwhoarenearlysixwhentheyenterkindergarten(61)_____toreceivebettergradesandscorehigheronachievement(62)_____throughouttheirschoolingexperience(63)_____dothosewhobeginkindergartenhavingjustturnedfive.Beingbrightandverballyskillfulandbeingreadyforschooldonotseemtobethe(64)_____thing.Itiseasytoconfusethesuperficialpoiseandsophisticationofmanyoftoday’schildren(65)_____innermaturity.Indeed,evidencesuggeststhatearlyschoolingboomerangs.Youngsters(66)_____parentspushthemtoattainacademicsuccessinpreschoolarelesscreative,have(67)_____anxietyabouttests,and,bytheendofkindergarten,falltomaintaintheirinitialacademicadvantage(68)_____theirless-pressuredpeers.Manypsychologistsandeducatorsremainskepticalofapproachesthatplace4-year-oldsinaformaleducationalsetting.Theyquestion(69)_____environmentalenrichmentcansignificantlyalterthebuilt-indevelopmentaltimetableofachildrearedinanon-disadvantagedhome.Theydonotdeny,however,the(70)_____ofday-carecentersandnurseryschoolsthatprovideahomelikeenvironmentandallowchildren(71)_____freedomtoplay,developattheirown(72)_____,andevolvetheirsocialskills.Buttheypointoutthatmanyofthethingschildrenoncedidinfirstgradearenow(73)_____oftheminkindergarten,andtheyworrylestmoreandmorewillnowbeaskedof4-year-olds.Thesepsychologistsandeducatorsbelievewearedrivingyoungchildrentoo(74)_____andtherebydeprivingthemoftheir(75)_____.56．A.olderB.tallerC.strongerD.smarter57．A.SinceB.NowthatC.TherebyD.Whereas58．A.fallB.failC.fleeD.fear59．A.lateB.laterC.latestD.latter60．A.liesinB.dealswithC.comestoD.callsfor61．A.helpB.wantC.endD.prefer62．A.testsB.trialsC.performanceD.competition63．A.thatB.whichC.thenD.than64．A.easyB.hardC.sameD.similar65．A.forB.againstC.withD.towards66．A.andB.withC.thoseD.whose67．A.muchB.moreC.manyD.most68．A.toB.againstC.overD.than69．A.howB.thatC.whyD.whether70．A.valueB.powerC.considerationD.responsibility71．A.possibleB.reasonableC.imaginableD.considerable72．A.wayB.caseC.paceD.means73．A.thoughtB.remindedC.expectedD.regarded74．A.wellB.hardC.badlyD.directly75．A.memoryB.childhoodC.ambitionsD.simplicity【答案与解析】56．A 首先文章第一句是从受教育年龄的角度入手，所以此处填年龄的大小比较适合；其次后文中出现“youngercounterparts”，显然是与此处形成对比。故选项A正确。57．D 由上题的分析知，前后两句应形成对比关系，故答案为D项。表示“然而，但是”。58．B 上文提及年长一些的更容易在学业上取得成功，因此此处应是其对立面，即选项B“失败”。59．B thelaterhalfoftheyear表示“后半年”。其他选项都不适合。60．C cometo达到某种情况或状态。liein睡懒觉；卧床待产。dealwith安排，处理，涉及。callfor要求，提倡。此处意思为“当到了身体、情感、社交及智力的发展时期”，故选项C正确。61．C 选项C表示“呈现一种趋势，往往是”，选项B和C都表示主观想法，而我们不能否认早入学的儿童也期望取得好的成绩，只是事实是年长一些的往往表现得更好一些。故选项C正确。选项A容易排除。62．A 此空对应前面的“scorehigher”，即在成绩测试中取得高分。63．D 整句话是一比较句型，把六岁入学的儿童的学业表现与五岁入学的进行比较。故答案为D。64．C 从后文的“easytoconfuse”可以判断，此处应讲“Beingbrightandverballyskillfulandbeingreadyforschool”是不一样的。65．C confuseAwithB把A和B弄混淆。66．D 此处是一定语从句。67．B 根据前文的“pushthemtoattainacademicsuccess”，“lesscreative”及后文的“less-pressuredpeers”可以判断这些学生对测试表现的更为焦虑。故答案为B项。68．C advantageoversb.与他人竞争时优越的条件或环境；优势。69．D 尽管后文专家承认了“day-carecentersandnurseryschools”，但紧接着他们又表示了担心，故此处他们应对能够环境改变自身的发展进程表示怀疑，故应选D项，表示“是否”。70．A 从后面所列举的一系列成就看，此处应表示所做的价值。71．D 此句是对“day-carecentersandnurseryschools”的肯定，故此处表示“相当大的自由”。72．A 此处表示“以他们自己的方式”。73．C expect…ofsb.固定搭配，对某人抱有期望。74．B “hard”表示我们费了很大的劲儿去强迫孩子。75．B 专家指出我们把孩子们逼得太紧，因而剥夺了他们的童年。选项A、C和D都不对。PartVI ReadingComprehension（25points,1foreach）Directions:Thereare5passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Passage1BrazilhadcomefromAfrica.AbouthalfthepopulationofVenezuelahadasmallerbutstilllargepartofpopulationofTrans—AtlanticwhetherinNorth,CentralorSouthAorintheCaribbeanislands.ItwasthesemenandwomenofAfricandescentconqueredthewildernessoftheAmericas,clearingandworkingcountlessfarmsandplantations,foundingandopeninginnumerableminesofironorpreciousmetals.Harshandpainfulasitwas,theoverseasslavetrade（likethenotmuchlesspainfulmovementofmillionsofhungryandjoblessmenandwomenfromEurope）laidthefoundationsofAmericanrepublics.TheseAfricansbeyondtheseashavetheirplaceinthestoryofAfrica（thestoryofWestAfrica）.Forwhattheyattemptedandachievedwasalsoareflectionofthestrongandindependentcivilizationfromwhichtheycame.Consider,forexample,theheroicandsuccessfulstruggleforindependenceconductedbytheslavesoftheCaribbeanlandofSt.Domingue.In1789,atthemomentoftheFrenchRevolution,thisFrenchcolonyintheCaribbeanwasprobablythewealthiestcolonyintheworld.ItstensofthousandsofAfricanslave-workersproducedenormousquantitiesofsugar,thewholeEuropeancommunitieslivedofftheprofits.WhennewsoftheRevolutioninFrancereachedSt.Domingue,theseslavesclaimedtheirshareinitsidealsandbenefits.Theydemandedtheirfreedom.Deniedthis,roseinrevoltagainsttheirmasters.InyearsofhardfightingagainstlargearmiessentbyFrance,andafterwardsagainstlargearmiessentbyBritain,thesemenofSt.DominguewontheirfreedomandfoundedtheRepublicofHaiti.Yetmorethanhalfthesesoldiersoffreedomhadmadethe“middlepassage”acrosstheAtlantic.Morethanhalf,inotherwords,hadbeenborninAfrica,hadspenttheirchildhoodinAfrica,hadlearnedinAfricatheirrespectforfreedom;whilenearlyalltherestwerethechildrenofparentsorgrandparentsborninAfrica.AndtheywereledbyAfricans:bymenofgeniusandcouragesuchasBoukman,theunforgettableToussaintLouverture,andDessalines.RaisedbyToussaintandhisAfricans,thebanneroffreedomacrosstheAtlanticwascarriedfrompeopletopeople.Manythrewofftheirbondage.LargenumbersofmenofAfricanoriginfoughtinthearmiesthatmadetheUnitedStateswhattheyaretoday.ItwasageneralofAfricandescent,AntonioMaceo,wholedthemilitarystruggleforCubanindependenceagainstSpainin1868.Likeothermenofvision,Maceohadnotimeforracism,forthefalseideathatoneraceofmenisbetterorworsethananyother.SomeofthewhitesofCubadisagreedwithhim.TheywereSpanishsettlerswhothoughtthatwhitewasgoingtobebetterthanblackeveninanindependentCuba.OnedayMaceowasapproachedbyaSpanishCubanwhosuggestedthattheregimentsofindependencearmyshouldbevidedintowhitesandnon-whites.MaceomadehimareplywhichbecamefamousinCuba.“Ifyouwerenotwhite,”Maceosaidtothisman,“1wouldhaveyoushotonthespot.ButIdonotwishtobeaccusedofbeingracialistasyouareandsoIletyougo,butwiththewarningthatIshallnotbesopatientanothertime.Therevolutionhasnocolor.”76．Itcouldbeinferredthatthewriterthinksthat,incomparisonwiththemovementofmillionsofhungryandjoblesspeoplefromEurope,theoverseasslavetradewas______.A.muchlessharshandpainfulB.ratherharshandpainfulC.moreharshandpainfulD.notmuchlessharshandpainful77．Themainpurposeofthefirstparagraphis______.A.todescribetheheroicandsuccessfulstruggleforindependencewagedbytheslavesofSt.DomingueB.toshowhowhugenumbersofAfricanspopulatedtheAmericasC.toshowthatAfricanshadavitalparttoplayinlayingthefoundationsoftheAmericanrepublicsD.todescribethehorrorsoftheoverseasslavetrade78．Totheauthor,theimportantthingabouttherevolutionofSt.Domingueisthat______.A.itwasledbyAfricansB.itfoughtagainstarmiesfrombothBritainandFranceC.thepeopleoftheislandweredeniedashareinthebenefitsandidealsoftheFrenchRevolutionD.itwasinspiredbythestrongandindependentcivilizationofAfricawheremostofthesoldiershadoriginated79．Wemayinferfromthethirdparagraphthat______.A.largenumbersofblacksoldiersintheUnitedStatesfighttodayB.blacksplayedanimportantroleinshapingtheUnitedStatesC.blackstooknopartintheindependentwarintheUnitedStatesD.largenumbersofblacksintheUnitedStatestodaycamefromAfrica80．MaceodecidednottoshoottheSpanishCubanbecause______.A.thelatterwaswhiteB.thelatterwasnotwhiteC.therevolutionhasnocolorD.hedidnotwishtobeaccusedofbeingaracist【答案与解析】76．C 第一段第三句讲到Harshandpainfulasitwas,…thefoundationsofAmericanrepublics.从本句括号里面的注释可知，与欧洲那些为饥饿和工作而战的人比起来，海外的努力贸易要更harshandpainful，故答案为选项C。77．C 第一段作者主要讲述了非洲人在美洲克服了重重困难，在那儿繁衍生息，并为美立坚合众国的建立打下了坚实的基础。选项A、B和D均有提及，但并不是主要内容。故答案为C。78．D 文章从第二段开始介绍了非洲人民所发起的一系列革命，并在第二段后半部分尤其指出这些人都是土生土长的非洲人，他们在非洲学会了“respectforfreedom”，同时举出两个非洲领袖为例来说明，可见作者认为这些在战斗中的作用是很大的，故选项D正确。79．B 文章第三段指出“Largenumbersof…whattheyaretoday”，即很多非洲本地人在军队中参与战争，而这些军队正是使美国成为现在这个样子的军队。换言之非洲人在美国独立战争期间发挥了巨大的作用。故选项B正确。80．D 根据Maceo的话可以判断，因为他自己本身是黑人，如果他杀了theSpanishCuban，那么他将被控为种族主义者。故答案为D。Passage2Themid-sixtiessawthestartofaprojectthat,alongwithothersimilarresearch,wastoteachusagreatdealaboutthechimpanzeemind.ThiswasProjectWasheo,conceivedbyTrixieandAllenGardner.TheypurchasedaninfantchimpanzeeandbegantoteachherthesignsofASL,theAmericanSignLanguageusedbythedeaf.Twentyyearsearlier,anotherhusbandandwifeteam,RichardandCathyHayes,hadtried,withanalmosttotallackofsuccess,toteachayoungchimp,Vikki,totalk.TheHayes’sundertakingtaughtusalotaboutthechimpanzeemind,batVikki,althoughshedidwellinIQtests,andwasclearlyanintelligentyoungster,couldnotlearnhumanspeech.TheGardners,however,achievedspectacularsuccesswiththeirpupil,Washoe.Notonlydidshelearnsignseasily,butshequicklybegantostringthemtogetherinmeaningfulways.Itwasclearthateachsignevoked,inhermind,amentalimageoftheobjectitrepresented.If,forexample,shewasasked,insignlanguage,tofetchanapple,shewouldgoandlocateanapplethatwasoutofsightinanotherroom.Otherchimpsenteredtheproject,somestartingtheirlivesindeafsigningfamiliesbeforejoiningWashoe.AndfinallyWashoeadoptedaninfant,Loulis.Hecamefromalabwherenothoughtofteachingsignshadeverpenetrated.WhenhewaswithWashoehewasgivennolessonsinlanguageacquisition—notbyhumans,anyway.Yetbythetimehewaseightyearsoldhehadmadefifty-eightsignsintheircorrectcontexts.Howdidhelearnthem?Mostly,itseems,byimitatingthebehaviorofWashoeandtheotherthreesigningchimps,Dar,MojaandTam.Sometimes,though,hereceivedtuitionfromWashoeherself.Oneday,forexample,shebegantoswaggeraboutbipedally,hairbristling,signingfood!food!food!ingreatexcitement.Shehadseenahumanapproachingwithabarofchocolate.Loulis,onlyeighteenmonthsold,watchedpassively.SuddenlyWashoestoppedherswaggering,wentovertohim,tookhishand,andmouldedthesignforfood（fingerspointingtowardsmouth）.Anothertime,inasimilarcontext,shemadethesignforchewinggumbutwithherhandonhisbody.Onathirdoccasion.Washoepickedupasmallchair,tookitovertoLoulis,setitdowninfrontofhim,andverydistinctlymadethechairsignthreetimes,watchinghimcloselyasshedidso.ThetwofoodsignsbecameincorporatedintoLoulis’svocabularybutthesignforchairdidnot.Obviouslytheprioritiesofayoungchimparesimilartothoseofahumanchild!Chimpanzeeswhohavebeentaughtalanguagecancombinesignscreativelyinordertodescribeobjectsforwhichtheyhavenosymbol.Washoe,forexample,puzzledhercaretakersbyasking,repeatedly,forarockberry.EventuallyittranspiredthatshewasreferringtoBrazilnutswhichshehadencounteredforthefirsttimeawhilebefore.Anotherlanguage-trainedchimpdescribedacucumberasagreenbanana.Theycaneveninventsigns.Lucy,asshegotolder,hadtobeputonaleashforheroutings.Oneday,eagertosetoffbuthavingnosignforleash,shesignaledherwishesbyholdingacrookedindexfingertotheringonhercollar.Thissignbecamepartofhervocabulary.81．TheexampleofWashoebeingsenttofetchanapplewhichisinanotherroomindicatesthat______.A.chimpsmayhavemorethanonewaytofetchfoodB.chimpscanassociateonesignwithanotherinameaningfulwayC.chimpscanlearnthesignsofASL,theAmericanSignLanguageusedbythedeafD.chimpshavetheirparticularwaysforfindingwhattheywant82．ThemainideaofParagraph2canbesummarizedas:______.A.chimpscanalsobetaughttoimitatetheireldersB.likehumanbeings,chimpscanalsolearnsomesignlanguagethroughself-taughtC.youngchimpscanbecleverenoughtowatchandlearnD.ayoungchimpissimilartoahumanchildinintelligencedevelopmenttoknowthenatureofsomeobjects83．Theword“transpire”inParagraph3canprobablymean______.A.itturnedoutthatB.ittransformedthatC.itseemedthatD.itmadeclearthat84．Fromwhatissaidinthepassagewecanconcludethat______.A.someanimalsdohaveintelligencetosomeextentB.chimpscanbetaughttousehumanlanguageifenoughtimeisgivenC.chimpscanevengeesesomeparticularsignstoexpresswhattheywantD.chimpscanbeascreativeashumanbeings85．Thebesttitleofthispassagecanbe______.A.SomeNewResearchFindingsontheChimpanzeeMindB.ChimpanzeeCanBeMuchMoreIntelligentandCreativethanWeHadExpectedC.ChimpanzeeandSignLanguageD.ChimpanzeesAreProvedtoBeClosertoHumanBeingsinLanguageLearning【答案与解析】81．B 文章第一段段尾在提到此例时说到“Notonlydidshelearnsignseasily…objectitrepresented”，即Washoe不仅可以轻而易举地学会符号语言，还能将它们以一种有意义的方式联系起来。在她的脑海里，每个符号都有一个图像与之对应。随后作者以苹果为例进行说明，故选项B正确。82．C 第二段主要介绍了Loulis经过和Washoe的相处后，逐渐掌握了符号语言，并且作者还对这一现象进行了解释，一是Loulis通过模仿学得；二是由Washoe教授。故选项C的叙述比较全面。83．A 文章先说到Washoe的举动使caretakers很不解，紧接着又揭开这一困惑，故可以推断“transpire”应表示“结果是”，与选项A一致。84．A 文章讲述了猩猩掌握了一些符号语言，故我们可以推知在某种程度上动物也是有一定智商的。故选项A正确。选项B文章并未提及；选项C是文章已经说出的事实；选项D太过夸张。85．C 整篇文章仅仅是围绕猩猩和符号语言展开讲述，并未涉及其他，故选项C正确。Passage3ThePakistanipresident,Gen.PervezMusharraf,announcedheretodaythatadelegationofPakistaniofficialswouldflytotheTaliban’sheadquartersinthesouthernAfghancityofKandaharMondaytorenewdemandsthatthemilitiasurrenderSaudifugitiveOsamaBinLaden.U.S.officialshavenamedBinLaden,whohasbeengivenshelterbytheTalibanrulersinAfghanistan,astheprimesuspectinTuesday’sterroristattacksinWashingtonandNewYork.“Weareawareofthegravityofthesituationandknowthatinthelivesofnations,suchsituationsdoarisethatrequiremakingimportantdecisions,”MusharrafsaidatameetingwithPakistaninewspapereditors.TheTaliban’sleader,MohammadOmar,hasrefusedtogiveupbinLaden,claimingheisnotresponsiblefortheU.S.attacks.“ThePakistangovernmentisleaningontheTalibangovernmenttohandoverOsamatosavethisentireregionfromcatastrophe,”saidNajamSethi,editoroftheweeklynewspaperFridayTimes,whoparticipatedinthemeetingwithMusharraf.“Iamnotsurewhetherthereismuchchanceofthathappening,butthepressureisonfromthePakistangovernment.”PakistanhasbeenakeysupporteroftheTaliban,whichcontrolsmorethan90percentofAfghanistanandhasenforcedastrictinterpretationofIslamiclawinthecountry.Omar,theTalibanleader,todayconvenedanemergencymeetingofclerics（圣职人员）intheAfghancapital,Kabul.“AsregardsthepossibleattackbyAmericaonthesacredsoilofAfghanistan,veteranhonorableclericsshouldcometoKabulforashariadecision,”OmarsaidinastatementbroadcastontheTaliban’sRadioShariatoday.ShariaisI