河北大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》专业硕士历年考研真题及详解

2011年河北大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解PartIVocabulary(10points,0.5×20)Directions:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentenceandwritetheanswerontheanswersheet.1．Thedoctorsdon’t_____thathewilllivemuchlonger.A.articulateB.anticipateC.manifestD.monitor【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：医生预言他活不了太长的时间。anticipate预期，预料，与句意相符。manifest显示，表明。articulate清晰地吐（字），清晰地发（音）。monitor监听，监视；监测。2．Isuggestweputtheschemeintoeffect,foritisquite_____.A.eligibleB.sustainableC.probableD.feasible【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：我建议我们将计划付诸实施，因为它确实可行。feasible可行的，与句意相符。eligible有条件被选中的，有恰当资格的。sustainable可持续的，不破坏环境的。probable很有可能的。3．Theoldgentlemanwasavery_____lookingperson,withgreyhairandgoldspectacles.A.respectfulB.respectedC.respectiveD.respectable【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：这位老绅士是位值得尊敬的人，他头发灰白，戴着金丝边眼镜。respectable可敬的，有身份的，值得尊敬的，与句意相符。respectful表示尊敬的。respected被尊敬的。respective各自的。4．Thisbookisexpectedto_____thebest-sellerlists.A.promoteB.prevailC.dominateD.exemplify【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：该书有望在畅销书排行榜上出现。dominate支配，占优势。promote提高，提拔。prevail盛行、流行，在语义上容易与书的畅销联系起来，但该词主要指时尚、疾病等的流行，且该词是不及物动词。exemplify举例说明，是……的例证。5．Thatpartofthecityhaslongbeen_____foritsstreetviolence.A.notoriousB.responsibleC.historical D.illegal【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：城市的这个地区一直因街头暴力臭名昭著。notorious臭名昭著的。responsible对……应负责的，有责任的。historical历史上的。illegal非法的。6．Undertheguidanceoftheirteacher,thepupilsarebuildingamodelboat_____bysteam.A.towedB.pressedC.tossedD.propelled【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：在老师的指导下，学生们在造一艘蒸汽模型船。propel推进，推动。tow（用绳索或链子）拖，拉。press按，压。toss扔，抛。7．Havingfinishedtheirmorningwork,theclerksstoodupbehindtheirdesks,_____themselves.A.expandingB.stretchingC.prolongingD.extending【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：做完了上午的工作之后，职员们从桌后站起来伸懒腰。stretch伸展，拉长，拉紧。stretchoneself伸懒腰，为固定搭配，与句意相符。expand膨胀，扩大，扩张。prolong延长，拉长，拖延。extend延伸，延长。8．England’steam,whoarenowsuperblyfit,willbedoingtheirbestnextweekto_____themselvesforlastyear’sdefeat.A.reviveB.retortC.revengeD.remedy【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：英格兰队现在状态极佳，下周将会尽力一搏以报复去年输给的对手。revenge报复，为……报仇。revengeoneselfonsb.向……报仇。revive（使）苏醒。retort反驳，回嘴。remedy补救，弥补。9．Ifyouwanttogetintothattunnel,youfirsthaveto_____awayalltherocks.A.haulB.transferC.repelD.dispose【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：如果你想进入隧道，就必须把隧道前的所有岩石拖走。haul意为用力拖（拉）。repel逐退，驱逐。dispose安排，处理。snatch抢夺，攫取。10．Ittookusonlyafewhoursto_____thepaperoffallfourwalls.A.shearB.scrapeC.strokeD.chip【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我们只花了短短数小时就把四面墙上的纸都刮掉了。scrape刮，擦，与句意相符。shear剪（羊毛、头发等）。stroke抚摸。chip削（或凿）下（屑片或碎片）。11．Thefamousscientist_____hissuccesstohardwork.A.impartedB.grantedC.ascribedD.acknowledged【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：这位著名的科学家将自己的成功归功于勤奋。ascribe把……归因于，与句意相符。impart给予（尤为抽象事物），赋予。grant同意，授予。acknowledge承认；对……表示感谢。12．Itisdifficultto_____ofaplantoendpoverty.A.speculateB.conceiveC.ponderD.reckon【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：很难想出方案以消除贫困。conceive构想出，设想（与of连用），与句意相符。speculate推测，推断（与about/on连用)。ponder思索，考虑，沉思。reckon认为，估计。13．Nowthecheersandapplause_____inasinglesustainedroar.A.mingledB.concentratedC.assembledD.permeated【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：此时此刻，欢呼声和掌声融合成了一阵持久不衰的鼎沸轰鸣之声。mingle混合，常与with连用。concentrate集中。assemble组装。permeate渗透。14．Improvedconsumerconfidenceis_____toaneconomicrecovery.A.crucialB.subordinateC.cumulativeD.satisfactory【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：增强消费者的信心是经济复苏的关键。crucial决定的，至关重要的，与句意相符。subordinate下级的，级别低的；次要的，从属的。cumulative累积的，渐增的。satisfactory令人满意的。15．Althoughthebodyismadeupofmanydifferenttissues,thesetissuesarearrangedin_____andorderlyfashionA.incredibleB.intricateC.internalD.initial【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：尽管人体由许多组织构成，但这些组织是以一种复杂而有序的方式排列的。intricate意为错综复杂的，复杂精细的，如：anintricateinstrument（复杂的仪器）。incredible难以置信的。internal意为内部的。initial最初的。16．Ifyouworkunderacarwhenrepairingit,youoftengetvery_____.A.waxyB.slipperyC.stickyD.greasy【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：钻到车下修车，衣服上会沾上很多油污。greasy有油渍的，有油污的。waxy似蜡的；光滑的。slippery滑的。sticky黏性的，黏的。17．Thedamagetohiscarwas_____;therefore,hecouldrepairithimself.A.considerableB.appreciableC.negligibleD.invisible【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：他的汽车受损很小，因此他可以自己修理。negligible微不足道的，极小的。considerable相当大的，相当多的。appreciable可觉察出的，明显的。invisible看不见的，无形的。18．Mysisterisquite_____andplanstogetanM.A.degreewithinoneyear.A.aggressiveB.enthusiasticC.considerateD.ambitious【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：我的姐姐很有抱负，她计划一年之内考取文科硕士。ambitious雄心勃勃的，有野心的。aggressive有进取心的；侵略的，好斗的。enthusiastic热情的。considerate体贴的，考虑周到的。19．Themanagertriedtowaveasidetheseissuesas_____detailsthatwouldbesettledlater.A.versatileB.trivialC.preliminaryD.alternate【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：经理试图把这些事情放在一边，认为它们不过是些无关紧要的细节，可以之后再处理。trivial不重要的，琐碎的，与句意相符。versatile多才多艺的。preliminary初步的，预备的。alternate交替的，轮流的。20．His_____wastellinghimthatsomethingwaswrong.A.intuitionB.hypothesisC.inspirationD.sentiment【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：他的直觉告诉他，好像哪里不对劲。intuition直觉。hypothesis假设。inspiration灵感。sentiment情绪，情感；观点。PartIIErrorCorrection(10points,1×10)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeawordaddawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandputaslash(/)intheblank.Writeyouranswersontheanswersheet.【答案与解析】1．had→has（时间状语now提示这里应用现在时，所以had改为has。）2．directly→indirectly（句意：现在人类有能力离开地球，到达以前只是间接了解到的世界。）3．into→onto/on（into表示到……内。on表示在……表面。我们常说地球表面，行星也一样，因此用on。）4．too→so（so...asto太……以至于。）5．planet→planets（other后跟不可数名词或可数名词复数。）6．head→mind（keep...inmind固定搭配，记住。）7．little→much（上段wemustkeepinmindthebillionsofdollarswemightspendincarryingouttheproject，说明将过多人口转移到月球上的项目将要花费几十亿美元。说明我们将投入巨资在太空探索项目上。）8．consider→considering（considering在句首引导句子，意为考虑到……。）9．they→they（moneyandresources在后面的定语从句中做主语，关系代词that指代的就是moneyandresources。因此不需要they。）10．arriving→arrivingat(或reaching)（arrive为不及物动词。arriveat表示达成（协议）；作出（决议）；得出（结论）等。reachaconclusion表示得出结论。）PartIIICloze(10points,0.5X20)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Writeyouranswersontheanswersheet.Mostpeoplewouldbe1  bythehighqualityofmedicine2  tomostAmericans.Thereisalotofspecialization,agreatdealof3  totheindividual,a 4 amountofadvancedtechnicalequipment,and5  effortnottomakemistakesbecauseofthefinancialriskwhichdoctorsandhospitalsmust6  inthecourtsifthey7  thingsbadly.ButtheAmericansareinamess.Theproblemisthewayin8  healthcareisorganizedand9 .10  topublicbeliefitisnotjustafreecompetitionsystem.Theprivatesystemhasbeenjoinedalargepublicsystem,becauseprivatecarewassimplynot11  thelessfortunateandtheelderly.Butevenwiththishugepublicpartofthesystem,12  thisyearwilleatup84.5billiondollars—morethan10percentoftheU.S.budget—largenumbersofAmericansareleft13 .Theseincludeabouthalfthe11millionunemployedandthosewhofailtomeetthestrictlimits14  incomefixedbyagovernmenttryingtomakesavingswhereitcan.Thebasicproblem,however,isthatthereisnocentralcontroll5  thehealthsystem.Thereisno16  towhatdoctorsandhospitalschargefortheirservices,otherthanwhatthepublicisabletopay.Thenumberofdoctorshasshotupandpriceshaveclimbed.Whenfacedwithtoothache,asickchild,oraheartattack,alltheunfortunatepersonconcernedcandois17  up.Two-thirdsofthepopulation18  coveredbymedicalinsurance.Doctorschargeasmuchastheywant19  thattheinsurancecompanywillpaythebill.TherisingcostofmedicineintheU.S.isamongthemostworryingproblemsfacingthecountry.In1981thecountry’shealthbillclimbed15.9percent—abouttwiceasfastasprices20  general.1．A.compressedB.impressedC.obsessedD.repressed2．A.availableB.attainableC.achievableD.amenable3．A.extensionB.retentionC.attentionD.exertion4．A.countlessB.titanicC.broadD.vast5．A.intensiveB.absorbedC.intenseD.concentrated6．A.runintoB.comeintoC.faceD.defy7．A.treatB.dealC.maneuverD.handle8．A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when9．A.tofinanceB.financedC.thefinanceD.tobefinanced10．A.ContraryB.OpposedC.AverseD.Objected11．A.lookingforB.lookingintoC.lookingafterD.lookingover12．A.whichB.whatC.thatD.it13．A.overB.outC.offD.away14．A.forB.inC.withD.on15．A.overB.onC.underD.behind16．A.boundaryB.restrictionC.confinementD.limit17．A.topayB.payingC.tobepaidD.tohavepaid18．A.isbeingB.areC.havebeenD.is19．A.knowingB.toknowC.theyknowD.known20．A.inB.withC.onD.for【答案与解析】1．B impress给……留下深刻印象。由本句中的highquality可知这里的动词应是表示肯定意义的词。compress压缩。obsess迷住，该词太过夸张。repress压制(感情等)；镇压。2．A beavailableto可供……利用，可获得的。3．C 这里表示对个人的关心。attention注意，关心。extension延长，延续；推迟。retention保留，保持。exertion努力，尽力；发挥，运用。4．D vast巨大的。可以用来形容体积，数量，程度，及强度。近义词enormous。比如：vastamountsofinvestment巨额的投资。 countless无数的，修饰可数名词。titanic巨大的，常形容体积。broad宽的，宽广的。5．C intense与intensive都可表示强烈的，集中的。但两者意思上有差别。当用来描述人的感情或活动时，intense通常指由内在倾向而来的力量或专心，它特别适于描写感情状态，如intensepleasure/dislike/loyalty。而intensive更常用于指行为的强度和程度是由外部强加的：intensivebombing强烈的爆炸，intensivetraining密集的训练。所以形容efforts时，用intense更为合适。6．C 句意：如果医生和医院未恰当处理问题，就会被告上法庭，面临财务上的危机。face面临。runinto遇到（问题、困难等）。comeinto进入。defy违逆，违抗。7．D handle处理。treat治疗。deal表示处理时，必须与with连用。maneuver操纵。8．A 定语从句先行词为theway时，关系代词用inwhich/that/省略。9．B finance和organize是并列关系，用其过去分词形式。finance给…提供资金。10．A becontraryto与……相反。oppose反对。averse不愿意的；反对的。objectto反对。11．C 句意：私人医疗并不是为那些没钱的人和老人服务的。lookafter照顾。12．A Which引导一个非限定性定语从句，修饰名词thishugepublicpartofthesystem。非限定性定语从句不能用that修饰。13．B leaveout忽略，不考虑。14．D limit一般与on搭配，表示对……的限制。15．A control与over搭配，表示对……的控制。16．D limit指时、空、程度、量等方面的“限定”，其内涵是如果超出了这种限度就会受罚或遭到令人不快的后果。此外，这个词也常用来表示局限。Thereisnolimitto...固定句型，表示对……没有限制。17．A 动词不定式作表语。18．B population指某国或某区域的人口总数时，谓语动词用单数形式。当指人口的一部分，即用百分数修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。另外因为是一般事实，用一般现在时。19．A 非谓语know与主语doctors是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式。20．A ingeneral总的来说，一般来讲。PartIVReadingcomprehension(40points)SectionA(30points,2×15))Directions:Thereare3passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestChoice.Writeyouranswersontheanswersheet.PassageOneHowshouldonereadabook?Inthefirstplace,Iwanttoemphasizethequestionmarkattheendofmybeginningsentence.EvenifIcouldanswerthequestionformyself,theanswerwouldapplyonlytomeandnottoyou.Theonlyadvice,indeed,thatonepersoncangiveanotheraboutreadingistotakenoadvice,tofollowyourowninstincts,touseyourownreason,tocometoyourownconclusion.Ifthisisagreedbetweenus,thenIfeelatlibertytoputforwardafewideasandsuggestionsbecauseyouwillnotallowthemtorestrictthatindependencewhichisthemostimportantqualitythatareadercanpossess.Afterall,whatlawscanbelaiddownaboutbooks?ThebattleofWaterloowascertainlyfoughtonacertainday;butisHamletabetterplaythanLear?Nobodycansay.Eachmustdecidethatquestionofhimself.Toadmitauthorities.howeverheavilyfurredandgownedintoourlibrariesandletthemtellushowtoread,whattoread,whatvaluetoplaceuponwhatweread,istodestroythespiritoffreedomwhichisthebreathofthosesanctuaries.Everywhereelsewemaybeboundbylawsandconventions—therewehavenone.Buttoenjoyfreedom,ifthisoldstatementispardonable,wehaveofcoursetocontrolourselveswemustnotwasteourpowers,helplesslyandignorantly.Sprayingwateraroundhalfthehouseinordertowaterasinglerose-bush;wemusttrainthem,exactlyandpowerfully,hereontheveryspot.This,itmaybe,isoneofthefirstdifficultiesthatfacesusinalibrary.Whatis“theveryspot”?Theremaywellseemtobenothingbutaconglomerationandhuddleofconfusion.Poemsandnovels, historiesandmemoirs,dictionariesandblue-books;bookswritteninalllanguagesbymenandwomenofalltempers,races,andagesjostleeachotherontheshelf.Andoutsidethedonkeybrays,thewomengossipatthepump,thecoltsgallopacrossthefields.Wherearewetobegin?Howarewetobringorderintothismultitudinouschaosandgetthedeepestandwidestpleasurefromwhatweread?1．Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthequestionraisedatthebeginningofthepassage?A.Theauthordoeshaveauniversallycorrectanswertothequestion.B.Theauthorimpliesthatsheisnotinterestedinthequestion.C.Theauthorthinkstheremaybedifferentanswerstothequestion.D.Theauthorwondersifthereisanypointinaskingthequestion.2．Agoodreadershould,accordingtotheauthor,beableto_____.A.maintainhisownviewpointsconcerningreadingB.takeadvicefromeverybodyinsteadofanyonepersonC.sharehisexperiencesillreadingwithothersD.takethesuggestionsotherpeoplegivehim3．IncomparingHamletwithLear,theauthormeansthat_____.A.HamletisbetterthanLearB.HamletisnoanybetterthanLearC.BothplaysaregoodworksD.Thereisnowaytotellwhichisbetter4．Totheauthor,theadviceinreadinggivenbyauthoritiesis_____.A.themostimportantforreadersB.unlikelytobehelpfultoreadersC.ourguidanceinchoosingwhattoreadD.onlyusefulinthelibraries5．Whatis“oneofthefirstdifficultiesthatfaceusinalibrary?”(Paragraph2)A.Wemaybecometooexcitedtobequietinthelibrary.B.Wedonotmakebestuseofthelibrarybooks.C.Wemaygettotallylostastowhattochoosetoread.D.Wecannotconcentrateonourreadinginthelibrary.【答案与解析】1．C 由第一段第三句EvenifIcouldanswerthequestionformyself,theanswerwouldapplyonlytomeandnottoyou.可知，对于这个问题作者有自己的答案，但只适用于他本人，并不适用于别人。说明这个问题的答案因人而异。2．A 由第一段第四句Theonlyadvice,indeed,thatonepersoncangiveanotheraboutreadingistotakenoadvice,tofollowyourowninstincts,touseyourownreason,tocometoyourownconclusion.可知作者认为阅读时不要听别人的建议，应跟随自己的直觉，运用自己的理性头脑，得出自己的结论。也就是说作者要有自己独立的见解。3．D 由该句后面两句Nobodycansay.Eachmustdecidethatquestionofhimself.可知作者认为对于像“戏剧《哈姆雷特》是否比《李尔王》好”这种问题，个人心中自有答案，所以没法判断哪个更好。4．B 由第一段倒数第二句可知，阅读时听官方建议只会毁掉自由的理念。说明作者对此持否定态度，所以A、D排除。D项“只在图书馆有用处”并未提到。5．C 综合第二段内容可知，作者认为图书馆中书的种类过于繁多，以至于不知道Wherearewetobegin该怎么开始。说明作者认为在图书馆最大的困难是不知道读哪些书。PassageTwoLetussupposethatyouareinthepositionofaparent.Wouldyouallowyourchildrentoreadanybooktheywantedtowithoutfirstcheckingitscontents?Wouldyoutakeyourchildrentoseeanyfilmwithoutfirstfindingoutwhetheritissuitableforthem?Ifyouranswertothesequestionsis“yes”,thenyouareextremelypermissive.Ifyouransweris“no”,thenyouareexercisingyourrightasaparenttoprotectyourchildrenfromwhatyouconsidertobeundesirableinfluences.Inotherwords,byactingasacensoryourself,youareadmittingthatthereisastrongeaseforcensorship.Now,ofcourse,youwillsaythatitisonethingtoexercisecensorshipwherechildrenareconcernedandquiteanothertodothesameforadults.Childrenneedprotectionanditistheparents’responsibilitytoprovideit.Butwhataboutadults?Aren’ttheyoldenoughtodecidewhatisgoodforthem?Theansweristhatmanyadultsare,butdon’tmakethemistakeofthinkingthatalladultsatelikeyou.Censorshipisforthegoodofsocietyasawhole.Likethelaw,censorshipcontributestothecommongood.Somepeoplethinkthatitisdisgracefulthatacensorshouldinterferewithworksofart.Whoisthisperson,theysay,tobanthisgreatbookorcutthatgreatfilm?Noonecansethimselfupasasuperiorbeing.Butwemustremembertwothings.Firstly,wheregenuineworksofartareconcerned,moderncensorsareextremelyliberalintheirview—Oftenfarmoreliberalthanalargesectionofthepublic.Artisticmeritissomethingwhichcensorsclearlyrecognize.Andsecondly,wemustbearinmindthatthegreatproportionofbooks,playsandfilmswhichcomebeforethecensorareveryfarfrombeing“worksofart”.Whendiscussingcensorship,therefore,weshouldnotconfineourattentiontogreatmasterpieces,butshouldconsiderthevastnumbersofpublicationsandfilmswhichmakeupthebulkoftheentertainmentindustry.Whencensorshiplawsarerelaxed,immoralpeoplearegivenalicensetoproducevirtuallyanythinginthenameof“art”.Thereisanincreasingtendencytoequateartisticwith“pornographic”.Thevastmarketforpornographywouldrapidlybeexploited.Oneofthegreatthingsthatcensorshipdoesistopreventcertainpeoplefrommakingfatprofitsbycorruptingthemindsofothers.Toargueinfavorofabsolutefreedomistoargueinfavorofanarchy.Societywouldreallybethepoorerifitdepriveditselfofthewisecounselandtherestraininginfluencewhichacensorprovides.6．Permissiveparentswould_____.A.lettheirchildrenreadanybookstheyliketoB.notlettheirchildrenseeanyfilmstheyliketoC.notlettheirchildrenreadanybookswithoutfirstcheckingtheircontentsD.lettheirchildrenseethefilmswiththeirfirstchecking7．Thefactthatparentscheckthecontentsofthebookorthefilmfortheirchildrentoreadorseeshows_____.A.thenecessityofcensorshipB.manybooksandfilmsarebadC.childrenneedtheirparentstohelpthemunderstandmoreD.theparentsarepermissive8．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Someadultscan’ttellrightfromwrong.B.Censorshipiscomparedtothelawbecausebothofthemperformgoodservicetosocietyasawhole.C.Censorspayattentiononlytogenuineworksofart.D.Censorshipisnecessarybecausemanybooks,playsandfilmsarefarfrombeing“worksofart”.9．Whatdoestheword“corrupt”(Line5,Para4)mean?A.Makemorallybad.B.Hurt.C.Injure.D.Damage.10．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.PermissiveParentsandResponsibleParents.B.Censorshipandthelaw.C.CensorsValueArtisticMerits.D.CensorshipPerformsGoodServicetoSociety.【答案与解析】6．A 文章第一段第四句指出，如果你的答案是“是的”，那你就是一个极度宽容的(纵容的)家长，再结合该段第二、三句的两个问题可知，A正确。7．A 由第一段末句可知，父母检查孩子们读的书和看的电影的内容是因为thereisastrongcaseforcensorship，所以A正确。8．C 由文章第三段可知，审查者并不只是关注真正的艺术作品，故选C。9．A corrupt意为“使恶化，腐蚀”，结合本句中的关键词minds可知，只有A最符合句意。10．D 文章以家长该不该审查子女阅读的书和观看的电影的内容这一问题引出论点——审查是必要的，并在接下来的内容中讨论了审查的必要性以及审查对社会的积极影响，所以D正确。PassageThreeOnethingthetourbooksdon’ttellyouaboutLondonisthat2,000ofitsresidentsarefoxes.Asnativeastheroyalfamily,theyfledthecityaboutcenturiesagoafterdevelopersandpollutionmovedin.Butnowthattheenvironmentiscleaner,thefoxeshavecomehome,oneofthemanywildanimalsthathavemovedintourbanareassoundtheworld.“Thenumberandvarietyofwildanimalsinurbanareasisincreasing,”saysGomerJones,presidentoftheNationalInstituteforUrbanWildlife,inColumbiaMaryland.AsurveyofthewildlifeinNewYork’sCentralParklastyeartalliedthespeciesofmammalsincludingmuskrats,shrewsandflyingsquirrels.Asimilarsurveyconductedinthe1890scountedonlyfivespecies.Oneofthecountry’slargestpopulationsofraccoons（浣熊）nowlivesinWashingtonD.C.,andmoose（驼鹿）areregularlyseenwanderingintoMainetowns.Peregrinefalcons（游隼）divefromthewindowledgesofbuildingsinthelargestU.S.citiestopreyonpigeons.Severalchangeshavebroughtwildanimalstothecities.Foremostisthatairandwaterqualityinmanycitieshasimprovedasaresultofthe1970s’pollution-controlefforts.Meanwhileruralareashavebeenbuiltup,leavingmanyanimalsontheedgesofsuburbia.Inaddition,conservationistshavecreatedurbanwildliferefuges.TheGreaterLondonCouncillastyearspent$750,000tobuylandandbuild10permanentwildliferefugesinthecity.Over1,000volunteershavedonatedmoneyandclearedrubblefromderelictlots.Asaresult,pheasantsnowstrutintheEastEndandbadgersscuttleacrosslawnsnearthecenteroftown.AcolonyofrarehousemartinsnestsonawindowledgebesideHarrods,andoneeveninglastyearafoxwasseenonWestminsterBridgelookingupatBigBen.Forperegrinefalcons,citiesareactuallysaferthanruralcliffdwellings.By1970thebirdswereextincteastoftheMississippibecausetheDDThadmadetheireggstoothintosupportlife.Thatyear,ornithologistTomCedeofCornellUniversitybeganrisingthebirdsforreleaseincities,forcitiesaffordedabundantfoodandcontainednoneoftheperegrine’snaturalpredators.“Beforetheywereexterminated,somemigratedtocitiesontheirownbecausetheybadrunoutofcliffspace,”Cadesays,“Toperegrines,buildingsarejustlikecliffs.”Hehasreleasedabout30birdssince1975inNewYork,Baltimore,PhiladelphiaandNorfolk,andofthe20pairsnowlivingintheEast,halfareurbanites.“Afewoftheyoungoneshavegottenintotroublebyfallingdownchimneysandcrashingintowindow-glass,butoveralltheiradjustmenthasbeensuccessful.”11．Thefirstparagraphsuggeststhat.A.environmentiscrucialforwildlifeB.tourbooksarenotalwaysareliablesourceofinformationC.LondonisacityoffoxD.foxesarehighlyadaptabletoenvironment12．Theselectionisprimarilyconcernedwith.A.wildlifeofallkindsreturningtolargecitiestoliveB.falconsinNewYork,Baltimore,Philadelphia,andNorfolkC.moosestumblingintoplate-glassstorefrontsD.foxesreturningtoLondon13．Inthe4thparagraphthepheasants,badgers,andmartinsetc.arementionedto.A.explaintheirlivinghabitB.makeknowntheirhabitatC.showtheendeavorsofLondonerstomakethecityhabitableforwildlifeD.encouragevolunteerstodosomethingforthespecies14．Themainideaofparagraph3is.A.thatairandwaterqualityhasimprovedinthecitiesB.whywildlifelikesthenoiseandcommotioninthecitiesC.thatwildliferefugeshavebeenbuiltinthecitiesD.whywildlifeisreturningtocities15．Citiesmakegoodhomesforperegrinefalconsbecausetheyprovide.A.bountifulnestingareas,abundantfood,andrainwatercontrolbasinsB.abundantfood,buildingsthatresemblecliffs,andnonaturalpredatorsC.largebuildingswithchimneysotherwildlife,andwell-lightednestingareasD.abundantfood,chimneys,rubble,andwindowsills【答案与解析】11．A 第一段讲的是：几个世纪以前，当伦敦开始开发，污染产生后，狐狸都离开了伦敦这座城市，但如今环境变得干净了，狐狸又飞回来了。说明环境对于野生动物来说是十分重要的。12．A 本文将的是各种回到城市生活的野生动物，包括游隼、驼鹿、狐狸。只有A项能够概括全文内容。B、C、D三项只是文章提到的部分内容。13．C 该段中Asaresult一词提示，前面内容是这三种动物回到城市生活的原因，即野生动物保护区的建立。这说明了伦敦人为使城市适于野生动物居住做了努力。14．D 该段首句Severalchangeshavebroughtwildanimalstothecities是本段的主题句。后面讲的就是城市的哪些改变使得野生动物回归城市。15．B 由倒数第二段最后一句Thatyear,ornithologistTomCedeofCornellUniversitybeganrisingthebirdsforreleaseincities,forcitiesaffordedabundantfoodandcontainednoneoftheperegrine’snaturalpredators可知城市为游隼提供了充足的事物，而且城市中没有游隼的天敌。再由最后一段Toperegrines,buildingsarejustlikecliffs可知，对于游隼来说，楼房就像悬崖一样。因此B项正确。SectionB ShortAnswerQuestions(10points,2×5)Directions:Inthispart,thereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatements.Writeyouranswersontheanswersheet.Formanywomenchoosingwhethertoworkornottoworkoutsidetheirhomeisaluxury:theymustworktosurvive.OthersPaceaharddecision.Perhapstheeasiestchoicehastodowitheconomics.Onehusbandsaid,“MargeandIdecidedaftercarefulconsiderationthatforhertogobacktoworkatthismomentwasanextravagancewecouldn’tafford.”Withtwopreschoolchildren,itsoonbecameclearintheirfiguringthatwithbabysitters,transportation,andincreasedtaxes,ratherthanhavingmoremoney,theymightactuallyendupwithless.Economicfactorsareusuallythefirsttobeconsidered,buttheyarenotthemostimportant.Themostimportantaspectsofthedecisionhavetodowiththeemotionalneedsofeachmemberofthefamily.Itisinthisareathathusbandsandwivesfindthemselveshavingtofacemanyconfusingandconflictingfeelings.Therearemanywomenwhofindthathomemakingisboringorwhofeelimprisonediftheyhavetostayhomewithayoungchildorseveralchildren.Ontheotherhand,therearewomenwhothinkthathomemakinggivesthemthedeepestsatisfaction.Frommyownexperience,Iwouldliketosuggestthatsometimesthedecisiontogobacktoworkismadeintoomuchhaste.TherearefewdecisionsthatInowregretmore.Iwasn’tmatureenoughtoseehowmuchIcouldhavegainedathome.Iregretmyimpatiencetogetonwithmycareer.IwishIhadallowedmyselftheluxuryofwatchingtheworldthroughmylittlegirl’seyes.Questions:S1.Whatbestexplainswhymanywomenhavetowork?S2.WhydidMargeandherhusbandthinkitanextravaganceforMargetogobacktowork?S3.Whatarethetwomajorconsiderationsindecidingwhetherwomenshouldgoouttowork?S4.Whywouldsomewomenratherdohouseworkandtakecareoftheirchildrenthanpursueacareer?S5.Ifgivenasecondchance,whatwouldthewriterprobablychoosetodo?【答案与解析】S1.Economics.（由第一段第一句Formanywomenchoosingwhethertoworkornottoworkoutsidetheirhomeisaluxury:theymustworktosurvive.可知女性为了生存必须工作。所以很多女性选择工作是为了赚钱，因此是经济原因。）S2.BecausetheincreasedcostwillbemorethanMarge’sincome.（由第二段内容可知，如果妻子去工作的话，就会有保姆工资、交通费、收入所扣税款等费用，这些支出会降低他们一家的收入。）S3.Economicfactorsandemotionalneedsofeachmemberofthefamily.（由第三段前两句可知，决定女性是否应该外出工作需要考虑两个因素。一是家庭经济状况。二是家人的情感需求。）S4.Becausetheythinkthathomemakinggivesthemthedeepestsatisfaction.（由第四段最后一句therearewomenwhothinkthathomemakinggivesthemthedeepestsatisfaction可知，有女性认为家庭给她极大的满足感，因此不愿去追求事业。）S5.Theauthorwould