山东省菏泽市2021届高三联考二模英语试题及答案

山东省菏泽市2021届高三联考二模英语试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEducationOutsidetheClassroomTheLawrencevilleSchoolprovidesstudentswithexperientiallybasedprogrammesthateducatetheminresponsibleleadership,communityengagement,andcharacterdevelopmentthatenhancebothacademicandnon-academicskills.CommunityServiceTheSchool'sCommunityServiceProgrammeencouragesallLawrentianstoconnectwiththegreatercommunity,givingthemtheopportunitytoengagewithavarietyofpeopleoutsidethestudents'immediateworld.ModelUNStudentswilllearntheinner-workingoftheUnitedNationsbyparticipatinginthisprogramme.Duringthefirstsemester,studentsmeetanddiscussimportantworldevents.Duringthesecondsemester,studentspreparetoparticipateintheModelUNConferences.InvestmentProgrammeTheprogrammegivesstudentshands-onexperienceinthefinancialworld.Studentslearnthebasicsofinvesting,watchtrendsinthemarket,andresearchstocks.Duetoagenerousdonation,thegrouphas$5,000ofrealmoneytoinvest.Gamswillbeinvestedbackintotheprogramme.FineArts&LiteratureMembersmeetweeklytoenjoyacommunityofindividualswhoappreciatethefineartsandliterature.Inthespring,theprogrammepublishesacollectionofartwork—photography,drawings,paintings,essays,shortstoriesandpoetry.Additionally,theprogrammehostsbookdiscussionsandfilmscreeningsthroughouttheyear.1.What'sthesharedgoalofalltheprogrammes?A.Toimproveacademicskills.B.Toexperiencecommunitylife.C.Todevelopoverallcompetence.D.Toencouragesocialinvolvement.2.Whichprogrammeshouldyouchoosetodevelopgloballeadership?A.ModelUN.B.CommunityService.C.FineArtsLiterature.D.InvestmentProgramme.3.WhatcanbeexpectedoftheInvestmentprogramme?A.Itmakesaprofitforthoseparticipants.B.Itoffersadvancedmarketingknowledge.C.Itlaysafoundationforfinancialmanagement.D.Itgivesaccesstosuccessfulbusinessmen.【答案】1.C2.A3.CBSamMehr,apsychologistatHarvardstartedworkingontheprojectafterhekeptreadinganoverfamiliarlineatthetopofresearchpapersthatsaid,“musicisuniversal.”Buteverytimehecameacrossthestatement,therewasn'tacitationtobackitup.Toseeiftherewasanyprooftothisclaim,heandhisfellowresearcherscreatedtwodatabases：onewithdescriptionsfromtheresearchersofwhathappenedwhenmusicfromthe1960swasplaying,andanotherof118audiorecordingsfrom86differentsocieties.Hefoundthattherewerethreecharacteristicsofbehaviorthatconsistentlycharacterizedmusic:formality,arousal(orhowcalmingorexcitingasongwas),andreligiosity—religiousrespect.Peopledidadecentjobguessingthethemes,especiallyfordancesongsandnurseryrhymes,saysManvirSingh,aHarvardPh.D.studentinthedepartmentofhumanevolutionarybiology.“Musicappearsinthishugediversityofbehavioral,social,emotionalcontextinhumansocieties,”Singhsays,“butitdoessosimilarlyacrosssocieties.”“Themusicalbrainmayhaveledtothingsthatwetakeforgrantedinhumannature,likecompassionandempathy(同情与共情）,becausemusicuniquelycanhelpusachievethosestates,”DanielLevitin,acognitivescientistwho'sdonesimilarresearchonmusicandevolution,explains,“Nottomentionawe,appreciation,andgratitude.”ForMehrandhisteam,thehuntfordataisjustthebeginning.Thelabisrunningmoredetailedquizzestodigintohowpeoplerespondtowhattheyhear.Theyalsohopetodostudiesondifferentpopulationslikebabiestoseehowtheyreacttotuneslikenurseryrhymesfromfarawaysocieties.Singhsayshealsohopestoanalyzelyricsandthewaytheyshapepeople'sfeelingsandactions,evenifit'sinalanguagetheydon’tunderstand.‘‘Exploringthelyricsallowsustobetterunderstandhowmusiccanbringtheseemotionalorbehavioralresponses,”saysSingh,“butalso,inabroaderway,theworldviewofthepeoplewhoaresinging.”4.What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.Musicshapespeople'sworldviews.B.MusicisuniversalacrosssocietiesC.Musicbehaviorsaredifferentincultures.D.Thescientistshavedifferentopinionsonmusic.5.Whichmusicbehavioralcharacteristicwillappearwhenrockmusicisplaying?A.Gratitude.B.Formality.C.Religiosity.D.Arousal.6.WhatdoesDanielLevitinthinkofmusic?A.Itplaysaroleinemotion.B.Itcan'tleadtoappreciation.C.Itcanhelpusachievegoals.D.Itisatalentwearebornwith.7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.MorequizzeswillbeconductedB.Differentpopulationswillbestudied.C.Thehuntfordatahasalreadybeenfinished.D.Furtherdatawaittobesought.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.DCIfyouwatchnaturedocumentaries,it'seasytocomeawaywiththeimpressionthatgrandtropicalforestshavebeenlargelyundisturbeduntilmoderntimes.However,inthelasttwodecades,scientificdatahaveshownthat,actually,humansocietieshaveoccupiedandchangedtheseenvironmentsovermanymillionyears.PatrickRoberts,fromtheMaxPlanckInstitutefortheScienceofHumanHistory,sayssomeofthetreesaliveintropicalforestsareuptoathousandyearsold.Andthey'resortoflike

timecapsules,storingarecordofpasthumanactivityintheirtreerings,chemistryandDNA.Sohewantedtoseehowdifferentexistingmethodsmightcometogethertoexplorepasttreepopulations,treegrowth,treeagesbylookingatthelargestwitnessesofthechangesinhumanactivityinthetropics—thetreesthemselves.Forexample,nativepeoplesoftheAmazonbasinplantedBrazilnutsforthousandsofyears.Roberts'colleagueVictorCaetano-AndradeanalyzedtreeringstodeterminetheageandgrowthratesofBrazilnuttreesnearthecityofManaus.Hefoundthatmanytreeswereestablishedinthelate1600s,buttherewasasteepdrop-offinnewtreesaroundthemiddleofthe18thcentury.AscolonialcommunitiescameintoManausanddevelopedthecity,theydrovethenativesout,oftenkillingthem.AndwhatVictorfoundisthat,actually,theirgrowthslowedafterthisperiodwithoutthesetraditionalmanagementstrategies.Anotherexampleishowcommunitiesselectedforgeneticfeaturesinavarietyoftropicaltrees,suchasthecocoatree-used,ofcourse,tomakechocolate.Amoredetailedfullgenomeanalysisofthisplanthasshownthathumansmayhaveevenselectedgenesthatreducedbitternessandimproveditsresistancetodiseasefortheirowneconomicbenefit.Robertssaysrecognizingtropicaltreesastimecapsulesofculturalheritagegivesusyetanotherreasontoprotectthem.“Notjustbecauseoftheirecologicalbenefits,whicharehugelysignificant,butalsotheinformationthattheystoreabouthumanhistory,aboutourpast.”8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“timecapsules”inParagraph2referto?A.Oldtrees.B.Humanhistory.C.Humanactivities.D.Culturalheritage.9.Whatcausedthegreatdecreaseofnuttreesinthemid-18thcentury?A.Naturaldisasters.B.Colonialinvasions.C.EcologicalbenefitsD.Naturalselection.10.Howisthetextorganized?A.Byprovidingexamples.B.Bymakingasummary.C.BydrawingcomparisionsD.Byproducingaclassification.11.Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A.Tropicalforestsneedtraditionalmanagement.B.Tropicalforestshavewitnessedhumanhistory.C.Tropicalforestshavebeenprotectedforeconomicbenefits,D.Tropicalforestshavebeenundisturbeduntilmoderntimes.【答案】8.A9.B10.A11.BDLastyear,ateamofbiologistsandcomputerscientistsfromTuftsUniversityandtheUniversityofVermont(UVM)creatednovel,self-healingbiologicalmachinescalledXenobots1.0.Measuringlessthan1mmlongandmadeupof500—1,000livingcells,itcouldmovearound,anddemonstratecooperativegroupactivitieswhilecollectingpilesofmicroparticles.Theresearchteamhasnowcreatedanewgeneration—Xenobots2.0,whichmovefaster,andhavealongerlifethanthefirstedition,andtheystillhavetheabilitytoworktogetheringroupsandhealthemselvesifdamaged.ThebiologiststookstemcellsfromembryosoftheAfricanfrogXenopus(hencethenameXenobots)andallowedthemtodevelopindependentlyandgrowintosmallballs,wheresomeofthecellsafterafewdaysbegantoproducecilia,tinyhair-likethingsstickingoutthatmovebackandforthorturnaroundinaspecificway,whichgivesthenewroundrobots“legs”tomovethemrapidlyacrossasurface.“WewantXenobots2.0todousefulwork.Rightnow,we'regivingthemsimpletaskssuchasgarbagecollectionintheblood,butultimately,we'reaimingforanewkindoflivingtoolthatcould,forexample,cleanupmicroplasticsintheoceanorpollutantsinthesoil.”saidMichaelLevin,afamousprofessorofBiologyfromTuftsUniversity.Itturnsout,thenewXenobots2.0aremuchfasterandbetterthanlastyear'smodel.Theycanrecordinformationtoadjusttherobot'sactionsandbehaviors,andtheycanalsorepairandrestorethemselvesiftheybecomedamaged.Healingisanaturalfeatureoflivingorganisms,anditisanewmodelsystemthatcanprovideafoundationforregenerativemedicine.12.WhichadvantagedoestheXenobots2.0haveoverthefirstedition?A.Itchangesfaster.B.Itperformsbetter.C.Itbecomeslonger.D.Itevolvesmoreslowly.13.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.ThedefinitionofXenobots2.0.B.ThefunctionofXenobots2.0.C.ThemovementofXenobots2.0.D.ThedevelopmentofXenobots2.0.14.WhatcanXenobots2.0doatpresent?A.Breakdownnutrients.B.Sweepoutpollutantsinthesoil.C.Collectgarbageintheblood.D.Cleanupthemicroplasticsintheocean.15.OnwhatbasiswillXenobots2.0contributetoregenerativemedicine?A.Recording.B.Healing.C.Memorizing.D.Moving【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.B第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Procrastination(延迟症)istheactofdelayingatask.So,whetheryourefertoitasalackofself-controlorsomethingelse,itistheforcethatpreventsyoufromfollowingthroughonwhatyousetouttodo.

___16___Herearesometipswecanemploytostopprocrastinating.Maketherewardsoftakingactionmoreimmediate.Onestrategy,knownastemptationbundling(诱惑绑定),whichsuggestsyoubundleabehaviorthatisgoodforyouinthelong-runwithabehaviorthatfeelsgoodintheshort-run.Thebasicformatis:Onlydothingsyoulovewhiledoingthingsyouprocrastinateon.

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Itbecomeseasiertoavoidprocrastination。Maketheconsequencesofprocrastinationmoreimmediate.

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Forexample,ifyouareexercisingalone,skippingyourworkoutnextweekwon'taffectyourlifemuchatall.However,ifyoucommittoworkingoutwithafriendat7a.m.nextMonday，thenthecostofskippingyourworkoutbecomesmoreimmediate,whichmakesyoufeelashamed.___19___

Planningactionsaheadoftimecanhelptostopprocrastination.Youcanstopwastingtimeonyourphonebydeletinggamesorsocialmediaapps.Youcanbuildanemergencyfundbysettingupanautomatictransferoffundstoyoursavingsaccount.Makethetaskmoreachievable.Agreatwaytomaketasksmoreachievableistogetstartedatonce.Forexample,gettingoffthecouchcanbetough,butonceactuallyyoustartrunning,itismucheasiertofinishyourworkout.

___20___A.WehavebeenstrugglingwithitB.Makedesigningyourfutureactionsmoreimmediate.C.Listentoyourfavoritesongswhileexercising.D.Welikeinstantsatisfaction,notlong-termpayoff.E.Enjoyfeelingsofsatisfactionandaccomplishment.F.Gettingstartedisjustasimportantassucceeding.G.Paythecostsofprocrastinationsoonerratherthanlater.【答案】16.A17.C18.G19.B20.F第二部分语言运用(共两节30分)第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。DickandRickHoytbegantheirextraordinaryfather-sonracingteammorethanfourdecadesago,whenRick,then,ahighschoolstudentinawheelchair,

___21___hisfathertopushhimina5-milerun,benefitingaclassmatewhohadbeenparalyzed(瘫痪)inanaccident.Mr.Hoytwasnearing40and,

___22___,wasnolongertheathletehehadbeeninhisyouth.Buthe___23___toracewithson,havingnosignofthethousandsofmilestheywould___24___together,lettingalonethenational

___25___

theywouldgatheralongtheway.Bornwitha___26___cerebralpalsy(脑瘫),Rickwasunabletomovehisarmsorlegs.Evenhecouldnot___27___.Buthecould___28___withtheaidofacomputerthatenabledhimtotapoutwordswithhishead.Afterthatfirstrace,Rickdeclaredtohisfatherthatwhentheywererunning,itfeltasthoughhis___29___disappeared.Overthenext40years,RickandDickwould____30____inmorethan1,000racesaroundthecountry,including72marathons.TeamHoyt,asthefather-sonpartnerswerecalled,droveanactiveshiftinthe____31____ofpeoplewithdisabilities,onewhose____32____reachedfarbeyondtheircommunity.“TeamHoyt____33____whatitmeanstobeanathlete,fullyshowing____34____,passion,andlove,”theAthleticAssociationsaidinthe____35____.“Thepair'sbondandpresencehasbecomesynonymous(同义的)withtheMarathon.”21.A.forcedB.askedC.promisedD.followed22.A.anyhowB.whateverC.howeverD.otherwise23.A.refusedB.agreedC.allowedD.planned24.A.pushB.walkC.cycleD.cover25.A.discussionB.curiosityC.attentionD.theme26.A.slightB.mildC.fierceD.severe27.A.readB.speakC.lookD.listen28.A.communicateB.cooperateC.interviewD.learn29.A.fearB.honorC.disabilityD.embarrassment30.A.travelB.wanderC.relaxD.compete31.A.treatmentB.desireC.concernD.need32.A.actionsB.influencesC.wordsD.thoughts33.A.spreadsB.advertisesC.reflectsD.announces34.A.eleganceB.strengthC.achievementD.determination35.A.statementB.instructionC.negotiationD.appointment【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.D25.C26.D27.B28.A29.C30.D31.A32.B33.C34.D35.A第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChenWei,aChinesemilitary'stopbiomedicalexpert,receivedthehonorarytitle“People'sHero”____36____hercontributiontoCOVID-19-relatedbasicresearchandvaccinedevelopment.OnequalityofMajorGeneralChenWei'sthatpeoplehavepraisedisthe____37____(speed)wayshedoesthings.Shewalks,talksandeatsveryfastsothatshecanusethetime____38____(save)tobattletheevilsofpublichealth.Fornearlythreedecades,the54-year-oldscientisthasbeenatthefrontlinefightingsomeoftheworld'smostdangerousviruses,

___39___(include)Ebola,SARSandMERS.AftergraduationfromTsinghuaUniversity,Chen___40___(enter)theAcademyofMilitaryMedicalSciences.Chensaidshestillremembered____41____sadshefeltwhenthefirstexperimentfailed.“Theincidenttaughtmetobeofgreat______42______(cautious),especiallywhenworkingagainsttheclock,andthescientificresearchcanbe____43____verylonelyanddifficulttask,andyouneedagreatdealofpassiontopushthroughthatchallenge.”Withastrongsenseofresponsibility,‘‘Nochoicebutsuccess,”ChenWeiandherteamhavebeenworkingdayandnight,

___44___willpayoffsoon.Nowthevaccine'sclinicaltrialsaregoing_____45_____(smooth)formass-production,andcurrentevidencesuggestsanannualproductionof300milliondosesshouldbeachievable.【答案】36.for37.speedy38.saved39.including40.entered41.how42.caution43.a44.which45.smoothly第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以最难忘的一次传统节日为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1.你的经历；2.你的感悟。注意:1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。AnUnforgettableTraditionalFestival_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】AnUnforgettableTraditionalFestivalWhatstrikesmemostisanexperienceoflastyear’sDragonBoatFestivalinmemoryofQuYuan,agreatpatriotandpoetinancientChina.Thatmorning,Iwatchedadragonboatingrace,thenvisitedQuYuantemplewhereIlearnedabouthislifeandthehistoryofChukingdom.Iwasdeeplytouchedforhisambitionandloveforcountry.Later,Ijoinedinaredsongchoruswithlocalstocelebrateourcountry.NowIcan’thelpthinkingifQuYuanwerestillalive,howproudhewouldfeelforourprosperouscountry.第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。BarditchHighSchooldecidedtohaveanAll-SchoolReunion,whichofferedformerstudentsachancetoreconnectwitholdfriends，rememberthefinetimestheyhadatschoolandcelebratewithpeopletheymightnothaveseenforyears.Over450peoplecametotheevent，andallthepeopletherewerefullofexcitement.ThereweretoursoftheoldschoolbuildingandapicnicatConfederatePark.Severalformerteacherswereonhandtotellstoriesabouttheolddays.Ms.MabelYates,theEnglishteacherforoverfiftyyears,waswheeledtotheparkSomeeyesrolledandtherewereafewlowgroans(嘟嚷声）whenMs.Yateswasabouttospeak.Manystartedlookingattheirwatchesandcomingupwithexcusestobeanywhereinsteadofpreparingtolistentoalecturefromanoldwomanwhohadfewkindwordsforherstudentsandmadethemworkharderthanalltheotherteachers.ThenMs.Yatesstartedtospeak:“Ican'ttellyouhowpleasedIamtobehere.Ihaven'tseenmanyofyousinceyourgraduation,butIhavefollowedyourcareersandenjoyedyourvictoriesaswellascryingforyourtragediesIhavealargecollectionofnewspaperphotographsofmystudents.AlthoughIhaven'tappearedinperson,Ihaveattendedyourcollegegraduations,weddingsandeventhebirthsofyourchildren,inmyimagination”Ms.Yatespausedandstartedcryingabit.Thenshecontinued:“ItwasmybeliefthatifIpushedyouashardasIcouldsomeofyou