写作指导-句式的多样化

写作指导----句式的多样化句式就是句子的结构方式，也就是句子的式样或格式。不同的思想内容要用不同的句式来表达；而同一思想内容也可以用不同的句式来表达。句式不同，表达效果也就不同。只有句式多样化，文章才会生动有趣，充满活力。一篇文章中若只是采用千篇一律的简单句，文章定会单调乏味，毫无生气。恰当地使用某些方法或手段有助于实际表达形式的多样化，增强表达效果。兹将常用方法简单介绍如下：一、改变句子开头许多学生在写作中倾向于用与人有关系的词性，用名词和代词作为句子的开头，如People，We，I，He，They，She等。但这种开头见多了，难免让人厌倦。试比较：A.Peoplethroughoutthecountryhavegreatlydemandedallkindsofnutritiousfood.B.Thereisagreatdemandacrossthecountryforallkindsofnutritiousfood.第一句改用非人称名词作为主语开头，第二句则用there＋be句型开头。这样既改变了主语＋谓语＋宾语单调句型，又把想强调的意思突出出来。实际上，为了把文章写得生动活泼，除了用主语开头外，还可以用句子的其他成分开头。一、改变句子的开头Studentsfallintothehabitofcheatingonteststoooften.Too

often，studentsfallintothehabitofcheatingontests.1.用副词开头一、改变句子的开头Air，waterandoxygenareallnecessaryforlife.Air，waterandoxygen，everythingthatisnecessaryforlife.2.用同位语开头一、改变句子的开头ThehouselookedverydifferentfromthewayIrememberedit,darkandempty.Darkandempty，thehouselookedverydifferentfromthewayIrememberedit.3.用状语开头一、改变句子的开头Intenseinterestpluspersistenteffortareequallyessentialtothehighestsuccessinlearningalanguage.Equallyessentialtothehighestsuccessinlearningalanguageare

intenseinterestpluspersistenteffort.4.用表语开头一、改变句子的开头youwouldnotlistentomyadvice；youlaughedatmyhelps.Nowyouwillhavewhatyouaskedfor.Myadviceyouwouldnotlistento；myhelpsyoulaughedat.Nowyouwillhavewhatyouaskedfor.5.用宾语开头一、改变句子的开头Thenewswasveryinterestingtome，butitwasveryboringtomywife.Tomethenewswasveryinteresting，buttomywifeveryboring.6.以介词短语开头一、改变句子的开头MiketookflightforthepacificislandsbecausehewasdisturbedbythediscordofAmericanlifeinrecentdecades.DisturbedbythediscordofAmericanlifeinrecentdecades，Miketookflightforthepacificislands.7.以分词短语开头一、改变句子的开头Youshouldworkveryhardtopasstheexam.Topasstheexam，youshouldworkveryhard.8.以不定式短语开头有的学生在作文中使用过多简单句，成了简单句堆砌；有的写复杂句时，动辄用so，and，then，but，or，however，yet等非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象，可以通过使用连接词，尤其是一些表示从属关系的连接词，如who，which，that，because，since，although，after，as，before，when，whenever，if，unless，asif等，不仅能够丰富句型，而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚，意义更连贯。二、巧用连接词Naturalresourcesareverylimited.Theywillbeexhaustedinthenearfuture.Itisnottrue.Butitbecomesamajorconcernaroundtheworld.Thisisawidelyacceptedfact.Itisawidelyacceptedfactthatthereisamajorconcernaroundtheworldfortheexhaustionoflimitednaturalresourcesinthenearfuture，thoughitisunlikelytobetrue.前段文字用简单句表达，它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。后段文字使用连接词，将单句与其前后合并，形成主次关系，就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。TheMississippiRiverisoneofthelongestriversintheworld，andinspringtimeitoftenoverflowsitsbanks，andthelivesofmanypeopleareendangered.TheMississippiRiver，whichisoneofthelongestriversintheworld，oftenoverflowsitsbanksinthespringtime，endangeringthelivesofmanypeople.前句用and把三个分句一贯到底，既乏味又可笑。后句了关系代词which，语义更连贯，语言更流畅。高考大纲中常用连接词在同一话题上补充内容----另外,还有

whatismore,besides,

also,moreover,inadditionA.Therentisreasonable,andmoreover,thelocationisperfect.B.Idon’twanttogo;besides,

I’mtootired.高考大纲中常用连接词2.表示转折关系----但是,然而,相反

but,however,yet,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontraryA.It’stoohottogoforawalk;let’sgoswimminginstead.B.Theyoungmandidn’tenjoyhisoldjob.Onthecontrary,hefindsthenewjobveryinteresting.高考大纲中常用连接词3.表示因果关系1)因为:since,as,because(of)2)因此,所以so,thus,therefore,asaresult,sothat

A.Becauseoftheheavyrain,theyhadtoputoffthematch.B.Idon’twanttodisturbherasshe’satanimportantmeeting.C.Thesebirdsareveryrareandthereforeprotectedbylaw.高考大纲中常用连接词4.表示条件关系1)如果,只要if,aslongas,onthecondition(that)2)除非unless3)否则orelse

A.Hecouldborrowmycaraslongashedidn’tdrivetoofast.B.I’llcomeonconditionthatJohnisinvitedtoo.高考大纲中常用连接词5.表示时间关系当-----的时候when,while在-----之后after在-----之前before直到until一-----就assoonas不久soon后来,然后later,afterwards自从since近来lately,recently从那时起fromthenon

A.Iwaiteduntil10o’clock,buthestilldidn’tcome.B.It’sbeenyearssinceIlastsawhim.C.Wehaddinnerandwenthomeafterwards.高考大纲中常用连接词6.表示顺序关系首先firstofall,firstly,first首先,最主要的aboveall其次secondly然后then,next最后finally,intheend

A.Andaboveall,remembertosendusyournewaddress.B.Firstly,I’llmentiontheadvantages,

thenI’lltalkaboutthedisadvantages.C.FirstIneedyournameandaddress.

Secondly,what’syourdateofbirth?高考大纲中常用连接词7.换一种方法表达换句话说:

inotherwords,thatistosay,toputitanotherway

Yourperformanceintheexamdidnotreachtherequiredstandard----inotherwords,youfailed.高考大纲中常用连接词8.进行举例说明例如,比如:

forinstance,forexample,like,suchas

A.Alotofuswanttoleavenow----Bill,forexample.B.We’veplantedlotsofdifferentflowers,suchasroses,carnations,andpopies.高考大纲中常用连接词9.用于陈述事实实际上infact,actually,asamatteroffact

Shesaysit’sagoodfilm.Actually,shehasn’tseenitatall.高考大纲中常用连接词10.总而言之,总的说来inaword,inshort,onthewhole,allinall,ingeneral

A.Inshort,thefilmwasthebestI’veeverseen.B.Inaword,theareaofdesertintheworldisgrowingeveryyear.1.巧用倒装句三、巧用特殊句式A.Onlyinthiswaycanweachieveourgoal.B.NeverbeforehaveIseensuchawonderfulfilm.

2.巧用强调句三、巧用特殊句式Itwasnotuntilallthepeoplearrivedthatthemeetingbegan.

3.巧用感叹句三、巧用特殊句式A.HowtimefliesB.Whatabeautifulgirlsheis

!!4.巧用省略句三、巧用特殊句式A.Ifso,victorywillbeours.B.Youcanmakesomechangeswherevernecessary.

5.巧用反意疑问句三、巧用特殊句式Everythingbeginstogrowinspring,doesn’tit?

Tomisn'tagoodstudent,foritisthetenthtimehehasbeenlatethisweek,isn'tit?6.巧用祈使句三、巧用特殊句式Neverdothingsbyhalves!Let’sworkhardtogether!

四、巧用固定句型1、as句型：2、prefer句型：3、when句型：4、seem句型：5、too句型：6、倍数句型：7、It＋不及物动词＋从句8、比较句型：9、表法猜测的句型：

10、‘IF’虚拟条件句11、Itis+时间+since句型12、Ifonly...!真希望……!若是……那该多好啊!…

句式转换练习1.Thereisanoldtempleontopofthehill.2.Mr.Greenisatallman,whowearsapairofthickglasses.3.Theproblem(thatwewilldiscussatthemeeting)isveryimportant.4.ShehasalargeofbooksandmostofthemareEnglishbooks.5.Ittooktheworkerstwoandahalfyearstobuild