中考英语动词的语态复习专题

英语的被动语态动词的语态：主动语态和被动语态（在主动语态的句子中，句子主语是动作的执行者；在被动语态的句子中，句子主语是动作的承受者）。被动语态学习内容：1.被动语态的结构被动语态的基本结构是：主语+be+done(+by+施动者)e.gHemingwaywroteTheOldManandtheSea.↓TheOldManandtheSeaiswrittenbyHemingway.总结：主动语态变被动语态的方法主变_____________,宾变______________,谓动变bedone.将下面的句子变成被动语态。e.gShewaterstheflowereveryday.e.gPeopleusethewindtocreateenergy.2.不同时态的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态e.gPeoplestillreadthebooktoday.肯定句/否定句/一般疑问句/特殊疑问疑问句一般过去时的被动语态e.gHetoldmethattheshopwasshut.肯定句/否定句/一般疑问句/特殊疑问疑问句一般将来时的被动语态e.gPeoplewillbuildabridgeovertherivernextyear.肯定句/否定句/一般疑问句/特殊疑问疑问句现在完成时的被动语态e.gThepolicehavefoundthelostboy.肯定句/否定句/一般疑问句/特殊疑问疑问句现在进行时的被动语态e.gTheteacherischeckingourhomework.肯定句/否定句/一般疑问句/特殊疑问疑问句情态动词的被动语态e.gYoushouldcleanyourbedroomeveryday.肯定句/否定句/一般疑问句/特殊疑问疑问句总结：1)一般现在时：am/is/are+done2)一般过去时： was/were+done3)一般将来时： shall/will+be+doneam/is/aregoingto+be+done4)现在进行时：am/is/are+being+done5)现在完成时： have/has+been+done6)过去进行时： was/were+being+donewould/shouldbedone7)过去完成时： had+been+done8)过去将来时： would+be+done9)含情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should＋be＋done3.被动语态的特殊结构1).动词后有两个宾语的，即直接宾语（物）和间接宾语(人)。有两种变法。givesbsth/givesthtosbsbbegivensthsthbegiventosbmakesbsth/makesthforsbsbbemadesthsthbemadeforsbe.gHegavemeabook.→Iwasgivenabook./Abookwasgiventome.2).当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，在主动语态中省去to,在变为被动语态时应加上to.即hear,watch,see,make,let,这些词在变被动句时必须加to.makesbdosth--sbbemadetodosth.seesbdosth—sbbeseentodosth.将下面两个句子变成被动语态e.gWemadeBobourmonitor.e.gThestorymadeuslaugh.3).主动语态为带to的动词不定式asksbtodosbbeaskedtodosthe.gMumtoldmetostayathome.4).由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。如:agreeto,askfor,laughat,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。e.gTheproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.e.gHisrequestwasturneddown.e.gThesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.4.不用被动语态时的情况1）有些动词和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，用主动表示被动，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：e.gTheclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。e.gThenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。e.gThepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。对比：Thebookssellwell.(主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)2）感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,taste,sound,remain等。e.g—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.e.gThefoodtastesdelicious.3）一些不及物动词或动词短语没有被动语态，如：rise，takeplace,happen,breakout,belongto,last,comeout,cometrue,loseheart等。如：e.gThefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.问题：下列句子能否改写为被动句？1.WewenttoBeijingyesterday.2.Theboyiscrying.3.Thestudentsarestudyinghard.5.常见结构在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说…… Itissaidthat…据报导…… Itisreportedthat…据推测…… Itissupposedthat…希望…… Itishopedthat…众所周知…… Itiswellknownthat…普遍认为…… Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…人们建议…… Itissuggestedthat…e.gItisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.e.gItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.6.动词need,require，beworth,want接动名词doing作宾语构成主动结构表被动含义①beworthdoing/中doing为主动形式，表示被动意义。例如：Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。②need/requiredoing=need/requiretobedoneYourcarneedsw