莎翁十四行诗赏析课件

WilliamShakespeare(2):SonnetSonnet:adefinitionTypesofsonnetTextualstudy:Sonnet18Sonnet298/17/20231PreparedbyTonySunWilliamShakespeare(2):SonneSonnet:adefinitionAsonnetisafourteen-linepoeminiambicpentameter.8/17/20232PreparedbyTonySunSonnet:adefinitionAsonnetiTypesofSonnetTherearemainlythreetypesofsonnet:TheItalian(Petrarchan)sonnetTheEnglish(Shakespearean,Elizabethan)sonnetTheSpenseriansonnet8/17/20233PreparedbyTonySunTypesofSonnetTherearemainlType1:thePetrarchansonnetStructure:

anoctave(aneight-linestanza)followedbyansestet(asix-linestanza)Rhymescheme:

abbaabbacdecdeor: abbaabbacdcdcdNote:

Thistypeofsonnetisconstructedwithachangeofthoughtorturnbetweentheoctaveandthesestet,sothatthecontentandtheformareallied.8/17/20234PreparedbyTonySunType1:thePetrarchansonnetSType2:theShakespeareansonnetStructure

threequatrains(afour-linestanza)followedbyacouplet(apairofrhymedlines)Rhymescheme

ababcdcdefefggNote

Shakespearewrote154sonnets.Thefirst126sonnetsarededicatedtoayoungman;sonnets127—152arededicatedtoa“darklady”,andthefinaltwoareallegorical.8/17/20235PreparedbyTonySunType2:theShakespeareansonnType3:theSpenseriansonnetStructure

threequatrainsandacouplet,andthecoupletintroducesnewrhymesoundstothepoemRhymescheme

therhymeschemeinterconnectsthesoundofthethreequatrains:ababbcbccdcdee

8/17/20236PreparedbyTonySunType3:theSpenseriansonnetSTextualstudy:sonnet18Whatisthestructure?Whatisthemeterlike?Whatisitsrhymescheme?Whatisthethemeofthissonnet?8/17/20237PreparedbyTonySunTextualstudy:sonnet18WhatiShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?

“Thee”inthislinemeans“you”.Thesonnetbeginswithaquestion:howcanIcompareyoutoasummer’sday?Andtheanswertothequestionfollowsupinthenextline.8/17/20238PreparedbyTonySunShallIcomparetheetoasummThouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate

Youaremorelovely,youaremoregentle.Theyouth'sbeautyismoreperfectthanthebeautyofasummerday.Hereinthisline,“moretemperate”meansmoregentle,morerestrained.Whydidthepoetsayyouaremorelovelyandmoregentlethanthesummer’sday?Thefollowinglinesgivetheanswer:8/17/20239PreparedbyTonySunThouartmorelovelyandmoreRoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay

Today,themonthof“May”maybeconsideredasamonthinlatespring,butinShakespeare’stime,Maywasasummermonth,becausethecalendarinuselaggedbehindthetruesiderealcalendarbyatleastafortnight.darlingbudsofMay-thebeautiful,muchlovedbudsoftheearlysummer;favoriteflowers.8/17/202310PreparedbyTonySunRoughwindsdoshakethedarliAndsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate

Heretheword“lease”isalegalterm.Itmeansthedurationofacontractgrantinguseoroccupationofpropertyduringaspecifiedperiodinexchangeforaspecifiedrent.Wetwohaveacontract.Youcanusemypenfor10days,andyouwillhavetogiveme2yuanfortheuseofit.Andthedurationofthisoneweekiscalledalease.Theoverallmeaningofthislineis“summer’stimeistooshort.”8/17/202311PreparedbyTonySunAndsummer'sleasehathalltoSometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines

Sometime=onoccasion,sometimes;Theeyeofheaven=thesunSometimesthesunofheavenissohotthatitwillscorch.8/17/202312PreparedbyTonySunSometimetoohottheeyeofheAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed

hisgoldcomplexion=his(thesun's)goldenface,thegoldensunshine.Quiteoften,thesunshinewillbedimmed.When?--whenitiscloudyorovercast.8/17/202313PreparedbyTonySunAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiAndeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines

“Everyfair”inthislinemeans“allthebeautifulthings”andthesecond“fair”inthephrase“fromfair”means“thepreviousstateofbeauty”.Thislinetellsusthat“allofthebeautifulthingsoccasionallybecomeinferiorincomparisonwiththeiressentialpreviousstateofbeauty.Theyalldeclinefromperfection.”8/17/202314PreparedbyTonySunAndeveryfairfromfairsometBychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed

“Bychance”means“bychanceaccidents”“Bynature’schangingcourse”means“bythefluctuatingtidesofnature”.Thefluctuatingtimesofnaturearenotsubjecttocontrol,sothepoetsays“nature'schangingcourseuntrimmed”.Theword“untrimmed”inthislineisambiguous–thiscanrefertotheballast(trimming)onashipwhichkeepsitstable;ortoalackofornamentanddecoration.8/17/202315PreparedbyTonySunBychance,ornature'schanginButthyeternalsummershallnotfade

“Thyeternalsummer”refersforwardstotheeternitypromisedbytheeverlivingpoetinthenextfewlines,throughhisverse.8/17/202316PreparedbyTonySunButthyeternalsummershallnNorlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st

ow'st=ownest,possess.Youreternalsummerwillnotloseitsholdonthatbeautywhichyousorichlypossess.Norshallyouloseanyofyourbeauty.8/17/202317PreparedbyTonySunNorlosepossessionofthatfaNorshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade

“brag”means“boast”,and“hisshade”means“theshadeofdeath.”Inclassicalliteraturetheshadeofdeathflittedhelplesslyintheunderworldlikegibberingghosts.Here,Shakespearesays:deathwillnotboastsofhisconquestsoveryourlife.Deathcannotmakeyoudie.8/17/202318PreparedbyTonySunNorshalldeathbragthouwanWhenineternallinestotimethougrow'st

ineternallines=intheundyinglinesofmyverse.totimethougrow'st–youkeeppacewithtime,yougrowastimegrows.8/17/202319PreparedbyTonySunWhenineternallinestotimeSolongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee

Foraslongashumansliveandbreatheupontheearth,foraslongasthereareseeingeyesontheearth.8/17/202320PreparedbyTonySunSolongasmencanbreathe,orSolonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee

“This”inthislinereferstothepoembythepoet.Aslongasthispoemofminewillbethere,itwillgiveyoulife;itwillmakeyourbeautyeverlasting.Summerisshort,butmypoemisimmortal,myimmortalpoemwillmakeyouimmortal.8/17/202321PreparedbyTonySunSolonglivesthis,andthisgSonnet18paraphrasedHowcanIcompareyoutoasummer’sday?Youaremorelovelyandmoregentle:WildwindtakeoffthetenderbuddinginthemonthofMay,andsummer’stimeistooshort:sometimesthesunistoohotinsummer,andsometimesit’scloudy.Everybeautifulthingwilldeclinefromtimetotime,everybeautyisaccidentallyornaturallystrippedoffgayapparel.Butyoureternalbeautywillnotfadeaway,oryoustillpossessthebeautyyouown.EvenDeathcannotmakeyoudie,sinceyouarelivinginmyeternalpoem.Solongastherearepeoplewhocanreadofmypoemaboutyou,andsolongasthispoemofminewillbethere,itwillmakeyourbeautyeverlasting.8/17/202322PreparedbyTonySunSonnet18paraphrasedHowcanISonnet18:itsthemeInthissonnet,thepoetislookingforawayofdescribinghislove’sbeauty.Thethemeofthepoemistopraisethepowerofpoem,i.e.,literaturethatwillkeeptransientbeautyeverlasting.HereShakespeareisimmortalizingtheyoungmaninthispoem.8/17/202323PreparedbyTonySunSonnet18:itsthemeInthissoTextualstudy:sonnet29Whatisthestructure?Whatisthemeterlike?Whatisitsrhymescheme?Whatisthethemeofthissonnet?8/17/202324PreparedbyTonySunTextualstudy:sonnet29WhatiWhenindisgracewithfortuneandmen'seyes

Tobeindisgracewithfortuneispresumablytobenotfavouredbyher(takingfortunetobethegoddess)Tobeindisgrace(in)men'seyes-thispossiblyreferstosomeformofpublicdisapprobation,eitherrealorimaginary.8/17/202325PreparedbyTonySunWhenindisgracewithfortuneIallalonebeweepmyoutcaststate

beweep=weepfor,bewail;Likebewailandbeseem,thewordhasanarchaicandbiblicalflavour.myoutcaststate=myconditionofbeingasocialoutcast.Theconditionisprobablyexaggeratedforthesakeofeffect,andtoemphasizethatthespeakerseeseverythinginagloomylight.Fortunehasturnedagainsthimandhefeelsthathedoesnotbelonganymoretosociety.8/17/202326PreparedbyTonySunIallalonebeweepmyoutcastAndtroubledeafheavenwithmybootlesscries

deafheaven-Heaven(God)turnsadeafeartohiscomplaintsandlaments.TheparallelisdrawnwithJobintheOldTestament,whowascastoutonadungheapandbewepthismournfulstate.bootless=tonoavail,achievingnothing.8/17/202327PreparedbyTonySunAndtroubledeafheavenwithmAndlookuponmyself,andcursemyfate

Andlookuponmyself-astheoutcastcontemplateshisownfallenstate.cursemyfate-anotherechofromtheBookofJobintheBible:(Job.III.1-4.)

AfterthisJobopenedhismouthandcursedhisday.AndJobspakeandsaid:LetthedayperishwhereinIwasborn,andthenightinwhichitwassaid,'Thereisamanchildconceived'.Letthatdaybedarkness,letnotGodregarditfromabove,neitherletthelightshineuponit.8/17/202328PreparedbyTonySunAndlookuponmyself,andcursWishingmeliketoonemorerichinhope

Wishingmyselftobelikeonewhoismorerichlyendowedwithallmannerofblessings,includingwealth.8/17/202329PreparedbyTonySunWishingmeliketoonemoreriFeaturedlikehim,likehimwithfriendspossessed

Featuredlikehim,likehim=withfeatureslikethisperson,likethissecondpersonhavingfriends,likethisthird,desiringhisskills(line7)etc.8/17/202330PreparedbyTonySunFeaturedlikehim,likehimwiDesiringthisman'sart,andthatman'sscope

thisman'sart=theskillthatoneparticularpersonhas;thatman'sscope=thecapability,range,mentalabilitythatanotherparticularpersonhas.8/17/202331PreparedbyTonySunDesiringthisman'sart,andtWithwhatImostenjoycontentedleast

Itisunspecifiedwhathemostenjoys,butevidently,inhisdespondency,thingswhichoughttogivehimenjoymentdonotdoso.Theimplicationisthathenolongerenjoystheloveofhisbeloved,althoughthatideaiscountermandedbythefinalcouplet.8/17/202332PreparedbyTonySunWithwhatImostenjoycontenYetinthesethoughtsmyselfalmostdespising

inthesethoughts=whileIamengagedinthesethoughtsmyselfalmostdespising-andalmostconsideringmyselftobedespicableforbeingsocastdown.8/17/202333PreparedbyTonySunYetinthesethoughtsmyselfHaplyIthinkonthee,andthenmystate

Haply=bychance,byahappystrokeofluck;mystate=mymentalstate,withasuggestionalsothathisfortune,orthestateofaffairsinwhichhefindshimself,improves.8/17/202334PreparedbyTonySunHaplyIthinkonthee,andtheLiketothelarkatbreakofdayarising

ThereisanechoofthisinCym.II.iii.20-1

Hark!harkthelarkatheaven'sgatesings,

AndPhoebus'ginsarise...

8/17/202335PreparedbyTonySunLiketothelarkatbreakofdFromsullenearth,singshymnsatheaven'sgate

sullen=gloomy,dark,miserable;Fromsullenearth-thephrasemaybetakenbothwiththisandwiththeprecedingline.Thelarkrisesfromsullenearth,anditalsosingshymnswhich