人教版（2023）选择性必修第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction Learning About Language（共28张ppt）

第第页人教版（2023）选择性必修第四册Unit1ScienceFictionLearningAboutLanguage（共28张ppt）(共28张PPT)

UNIT1

SCIENCEFICTION

LearningAboutLanguage

Topracticesomenewwordsorexpressionsbydoingexercises.

1Webelieveheisamanofabsolutehonesty,andtrusthiswordscompletely.

2Henrytoldmethathewasinahurryashehadarrangedtoseethedentistat10:00a.m.

3Rumoursarelikesharpknives,cuttingone’sself-respectintopieces.Weshouldbeawareofthisandnotspreadunkindnewsaround.

4Becauseoftheholiday,thestudentswereallowedtogohomeearly.

5Whoeverischargedwithacrimeshouldbepresumedinnocentuntilprovenotherwise.

Replacetheunderlinedpartswithwordsofsimilarmeaningsfromthetext.Rewritethesentencesifnecessary.

1

integrity

hadanappointmentwith

dignity

weredismissed

notguilty

Matcheachwordwiththeproperdefinitionbelow.

2

Amoneythatsomeoneispaidregularly,usuallymonthly,bytheorganisationheorsheisworkingfor

Bmoneygivenforworkdone,goodsreceived,etc.

Cmoneypaidforworkorservices,typicallyonadailyorweeklybasis

Dextraamountofmoneyaddedtosomebody’swagesasarewardforhardworkorgoodperformance

Emoneyreceivedfromwork,investmentsandsoon

Fmoneypaidtoaprofessionalpersonororganisationforadviceorservices

Gmoneypaidforajourneyonpublictransport,suchasthebus,train,ortaxi

Hmoneysavedforaspecialpurpose

1.income

2.fee

3.fare

4.payment

5.salary

6.bonus

7.saving

8.wage

Completethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.TheninpairsshareyouropiniononAldevelopment.

3

fascinatingtestoutdismisssciencefictionmorelikedignityintelligent

Itwouldnotbesurprisingifwefounditdifficulttodistinguishbetweenrealityand_____________inthefuture.Forexample,robotsfirstappearedinsci-finovels,butnowrobotsoldiershavealreadybeen__________inwar.Robotexpertshavealsobuiltrobotsthatcansee,talk,anddootherthingslikehumans.Althougharobotthatlooks_________ahumanthanamachinecouldmakemanypeopleabituncomfortable,wehavetoadmitthatitisa___________possibility.Sophia,currentlysaidtobethemostadvancedAIrobotintheworld,isagreatexample.Shehasbeeninterviewedmanytimes,appearedonthecoversofmagazines,andbecomethefirstnon-humanintheworldtobegivencitizenshipbyacountry.Whenitcomestogames,2023becameayearinwhichAldefeatedhumansinsomanygamesthatAlresearcherssaythatitwillnotbelongbeforeAlcanwinatalmosteverything.So,havewelostthe_______ofbeingthemostintelligentcreatureMaybeinthefuture,asAlbecomesevenmore__________;itwillbecomeamajorthreattohumans.However,somepeople_______thisfear.TheybelieveifAlcanhandletaskslikecalculating(计算)anddrivingforus,wewillhavemoretimeforcreating,thinking,and“beinghuman”.

sciencefiction

testedout

morelike

fascinating

dignity

intelligent

dismiss

Toreviewthepassivevoice

①ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry’swife,Claire.

②Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman,anditwasdisturbing.

③Clairethoughtitwasridiculousthatshewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot,butshegraduallyadmiredhiswisdomandintegrityandbegantotrusthim.

④Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops,hewroteoutalistofthingsthathewouldneedforhisworkonthehouse.

⑤Tonyexpectedthatthehouse,whichwasbeingcompletelytransformed,wouldbeready.

⑥Thesaleswomantherewasrudetoher,sosherangTonyandtoldhimshewasbeingtreatedbadly.

1Scanthereadingtextandunderlinealltheverbsinthepassivevoice.Thendiscusswithapartnerwhythepassivevoiceisused.

Thepassivevoiceisusedtofocusonthepersonorobjectthatexperiencesanactionratherthanthepersonorobjectthatperformstheaction.Itisusedwhenwedon’tknowtheperformer,ortheperformerisunimportant(andthereforeomitted),ortheperformeristobehighlighted(andthereforeplacedtowardtheend).

被动语态

语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

使用被动语态的句子，谓语动词的形式是“be+动词过去分词”。语义上主语为动作的承受者或对象，主要用于需要强调动作承受者、不必要指出动作执行者的情况，或出于语篇衔接连贯在“be+动词过去分词”结构中，助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化，变化规则与系动词be相同。

时态被动语态的构成例句

一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词Theschoolwallsarepaintedeveryyear.

一般过去时was/were+过去分词Iwasinvitedtothetalkshowyesterday.

一般将来时will/shall+be+过去分词Thematterwillbelookedintointhefuture.

现在完成时have/has+been+过去分词Theshiphasbeenrepaired.

现在进行时am/is/are+being+过去分词Twomenarebeingquestionedbythepolice.

过去进行时was/were+being+过去分词TheroadswerebeingbuiltwhenIpassedby.

1.常见时态的被动语态

2.特殊结构的被动形式

(1)双宾动词的被动结构

双宾动词变为被动结构时，一般将主动结构中的间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语，直接宾语不变。如将主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语，间接宾语之前则应加介词to或for。

egHegavehersomemoney.

Shewasgivensomemoney.

Somemoneywasgiventoher.

(2)带复合宾语的动词的被动结构

带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时，一般将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语为主语补足语)。

egHisfathercalledhimJack.

HewascalledJackbyhisfather.

(3)带情态动词的被动语态，由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。

egTheproblemmaybesolvedinanumberofdifferentways.

Inourschool,librarybooksmustbereturnedintwoweeks.

(4)“be+过去分词+不定式”的被动结构

egHeisreportedtohavebrokenaworldrecord.

Sheissaidtoknowthreelanguages.

(5)“it+be+过去分词+从句”式的被动结构

egIt’ssaidthatshehassomesupernaturalpowers.

It’sreportedthattheyhavediscoveredanewstar.

常见的结构还有：

Itisknownthat...众所周知

Itissuggestedthat...有人建议

Itisbelievedthat...人们相信

(6)“get+done”构成被动语态

用来表示状态或情况,常考的形式如：

getmarried结婚

getengaged订婚

gethurt/wounded受伤

getlost迷路

getdrunk喝醉了

getcaught/stuck/trapped被困

getdressed穿好衣服

getrunover被(车)轧

3.主动形式表示被动意义

(1)有些不及物动词主动形式可表被动意义。

a.某些连系动词，如feel,look,prove,smell,sound,taste等。

egThefoodtastedbetterthanitlooked.

b.某些与can’t,won’t等连用的不及物动词，如move,lock,shut,open等。

egItcan’tmove.

Thedoorwon’tshut.

c.某些可与well,easily等副词连用的不及物动词，如read,write,wash等。

egMynewpenwriteswell.

Theclothdoesn’twasheasily.

(2)非谓语动词的某些主动形式表示被动意义

a.在“be+形容词+不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。常见形容词有：cheap,easy,comfortable,difficult,hard,light,heavy,expensive,pleasant,interesting,fit等。

egThequestionisdifficulttoanswer.

Volleyballisveryinterestingtowatch.

b.在beworthdoing和betoblame结构中，动词-ing形式或动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。

egThefilmiswellworthseeing.

ThepolicyispartlytoblameforcausingtheworstunemploymentinEurope.

c.当want,need,require表示“需要”时，其宾语可用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。

egThecarpetreallywantscleaning(=tobecleaned).

Mosthouseplantsrequirewatering(=tobewatered).

4.不能用于被动语态的情况

(1)谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,benefit,lack等。

(2)谓语是不可拆开的takeplace,consistof,loseheart,belongto等短语动词。

(3)宾语是无实意的代词it。

(4)宾语是表示身体的某一部分的名词。

(5)宾语是某些抽象名词。

(6)have在任何情况下都不能用于被动语态。

(7)一般来说，当动词的宾语是动词-ing形式或者是不定式时不能变成被动语态。

(8)将来进行时和完成进行时没有被动语态。如果遇到这种情况时，可以用一般将来时和现在完成时的被动语态来代替。

选用括号内合适的内容完成下面句子或对话。

1.Letters_________(aresent,willbesent)bythepostmanat8everyday.

2.Thisbag___________(wasfound,found)onthebusyesterday.

3.Thedress_______________(doesn’twash,can’tbewashed)inhotwater.

4.Thistower__________________(hasnotbeenrebuilt,hasnotrebuilt)sincethe1930’s.

5.Themachine_______________(wasbeingtested,tested)justwhenthemanagercame.

aresent

wasfound

can’tbewashed

hasnotbeenrebuilt

wasbeingtested

6.Thenewplan________________(willannounce,willbeannounced)intwodays.

7.Look!Yourcar_____________(isbeinglifted,islifting)offtheground.

8.WhenIstopped,mycar________(hit,washit)frombehind.

9.—Whatwerewedoingat11o’clock

—We_____________________(werebeinginterviewed,wereinterviewing)byareporter.

willbeannounced

isbeinglifted

washit

werebeinginterviewed

用括号内动词的正确形式填空。

1.Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem__________(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.(2023年全国卷I)

2.Carsonprovesthatasimplelyricformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill____________(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.(2023年全国甲卷)

3.Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I____________(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.(2023年全国甲卷)

tobelifted

beemployed

wasamazed

4.TheGPNP___________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(资产)forfuturegenerations”.(2022年全国卷I)

5.TheXi’anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina’slonghistory.It_________(build)originallytoprotectthecityduringtheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored.(2023年全国甲卷)

6.Thelittlehome____________(paint)white.Itwassweetandfresh.Marylovedit.(2023年6月浙江卷)

isdesigned

wasbuilt

waspainted

7.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic__________(call)galleriesorrooms.(2023年全国卷I)

8.Readers______________(encourage)tocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceofourFurtherResourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.(2023年全国卷II)

9.CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseitmeanwehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon______________(construct)”.(2023年新高考全国卷I)

arecalled

areencouraged

isconstructed

1Whatisdonecannot_________.(undo)

2Janet___________chairwomanofthestudentunionlastmonth.(elect)

3Twohundredgrammesofflourshould_________tothecakemix.(add)

2Completethesentenceswithappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.ThentrytotranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.

undone

waselected

木已成舟。

珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。

beadded

蛋糕里需要加入两百克面粉。

4A3,000-seatvenue___________forthecircusperformanceinNovember.(build)

5Workingefficiency__________________sincethisnewsoftwarewasadopted.(improve)

6Onlyonepieceofcarry-onluggage__________foreacheconomyclasspassenger.(allow)

hasbeenimproved

isallowed

自从采用了新软件，工作效率就被提升了。

经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。

willbebuilt

一个拥有三千座位，供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月/将在十一月建成。

7Itisagreathonourformeto__________toaddressthisinternationalAIconference.(invite)

8WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundthatthesalesman’ssalary___________________atthemeeting.(discuss)

9WithexamsbeingadaptedintoBraille,ablindseniorhighschoolstudentscored630pointsoutof650intheCollegeEntranceExanimation.Heisexpectedto____________toatopuniversity.(admit)

beinvited

我很荣幸能被邀请在AI大会上发言。

wasbeingdiscussed

我进会议室的时候发现正在讨论销售员的薪水。

beadmitted

使用转换为盲文的高考试卷，一位高中的视障学生考取了630分(总分650)。他有望被一所名校录取。

3Readtheintroductiontoasciencefictionnovelandcompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.

exploretranslatediscoverregardrepresentsetuprecruitwritegetcaughtupconnect

Sciencefiction___________bymanypeopleasamirrorthroughwhichourfuturecanbefreelyimaginedand____________________.TheThree-BodyProblem,________byChinesewriterLiuCixin,isoneofthoseastonishingpredictionsaboutthefuture.Theworkwasfir