北京市怀柔区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末英语试卷2

怀柔区2022-2023学年第一学期高二英语期末试题第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节：完形填空(共10小题;每小题分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Nooneisbornawinner.Peoplemakethemselvesintowinnersbytheirown____1____.Ilearnedthislessonfromanexperiencemanyyearsago.ItooktheheadcoachingjobataschoolinBaxley,Georgia.Itwasasmallschoolwithaweakfootballprogram.Itwasatraditionfortheschool'soldteamtoplayagainstthe____2____teamattheendofspringpractice.Theoldteamhadnocoach,andtheydidn’tevenpracticetoprepareforthegame.Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointment,weweredefeated.Icouldn’tbelieveIhadgotintosuchasituation.Thinkinghardaboutit,IcametorealizethatmyteammightnotbethenumberoneteaminGeorgia,buttheywere____3____me.Ihadtochangemy____4____abouttheirabilityandpotential.IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittle____5____.Mostimportantly,Ibegantotreatthemlike___6___.Thatsummer,whentheotherteamsenjoyedtheirvacations,wemeteverydayandpracticedpassingandkickingthefootball.Sixmonthsaftersufferingourdefeatonthespringpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecondandcontinuedtoimprove.Finally,wefacedthenumberoneteaminthestate.Ifeltthatitwouldbea____7____forusevenifwelostthegame.Butthatwasn’twhathappened.MyboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,givingmeoneofthegreatest____8____ofmylife!Fromtheexperience,Ilearnedalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleadercanaffectthemembersofateam.Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushedand____9____them.Ihelpedthemtoseethemselves______10______,andtheybuiltthemselvesintowinners.Winnersaremade,notborn.1.A.luck B.efforts C.tests D.nature2.A.excellent B.successful C.new D.strong3.A.dependingon B.lookingfor C.reactingto D.caringabout4.A.intention B.conclusion C.decision D.attitude5.A.culture B.fortune C.relationship D.pride6.A.winners B.leaders C.learners D.part7.A.burden B.victory C.shame D.favor8.A.offers B.concerns C.thrills D.chances9.A.observed B.encouraged C.impressed D.protected10A.calmly B.honestly C.differently D.individually第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Morethan1billionpeopleagedfrom12to35areattheriskoflosingtheirhearingfrom___11___(listen)toloudmusicontheiraudiodevices.AccordingtoWHO,___12___isconsideredunsafethatyouhearasoundthatisabove85decibelsforeighthoursor100decibelsfor15minutes.___13___(normal),usersofpersonalaudiodeviceschoosetosetthevolumebetween75-105.ShellyChadhaoftheWHOsuggestedthatallsmartphonesshouldbefittedwithameasurementsystem,___14___wouldtellyouhowmuchsoundyou’relisteningto,andwhenyougooverthelimit.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。There’sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat’sbeginningtocomeintofocus:food.Witha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfor___15___(decorate)onaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothat.Ittakesyearsofexperience,___16___aprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“re-createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame”,___17___(free)cookstocompleteothertasks.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。UrbanForestProinPortlandisafull-servicetreecarecompanyprovidingtreeservices.Ourarborists(树艺师)___18___(train)torecognizetheuniqueneedsofyourtreestakingintoaccountfactorssuchasthetree’sage,health&priorpruning(修剪).Doingtreepruning,weselectivelyremovecertainpartsofatreeaccordingtothegoalsofourcustomers.Ourarboristscaninmostcasescome___19___withamethodthatisbothbeneficialforthetree’shealthandlongevityandmeetsthe___20___(need)ofourcustomers.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ACometobuildrobots!Robotsarefuntoplaywith,butdidyouknowthattheyareequallyfuntobuild?Don’tworry,it’seasierthanyoumaythink.Youdon’thavetoknowlotsaboutelectronicsorbeageniusatengineeringtohaveagoatcreatingyourownrobot.Therearelotsofsimplekits(配套原件)andresourcesavailablethatmakeiteasytobuildarobotinyourownhome,andifyoudon’tfeelconfidentenoughtohaveagoathome,thereareplentyofclubsthatoffercoursesinrobot-buildingforyoungpeople.

Whytobuild?“Creatingarobotteachesyouingreatabouthowitisputtogetherandhowitworks,”saysSteveHubbard,ofRobotFun,whichhostsroboticsmasterclassesforteensinSuffolk.“Asyoubuildandtestarobot,youalsolearnhowtofixitwhenthingsgowrong,astheyalwaysdo.”Buildingandprogrammingarobotisapracticalapplicationofscienceandengineeringandagreatwayoflearninghowtosolveallsortsofproblems.Youdon’tneedanyspecialskills.IfyoucanbuildwithLegoordrawaline,youcanbuildandprogramarobot.

Howtostart?MatthewApplegaterunstheCreativeComputingClubinIpswich,Suffolk.Hesays,“TheLegoRobotskitsareamazing.Youcanusecardboard,gluesticksandstringtomakeaprototype(雏形).”Somekitscanbeexpensivebuttherearewaystobuildyourrobotsusingthingsaroundthehouse.Youcanbuildanarmwithcardboard,strawsandstring,addingittoalow-costkit.Buildingrobotsisreallygreat.Itisn’teasyatfirst,butwhenyougetbetter,youwillbesurprisedhowmuchyoucando.Cometogetyourfirstrobotkitandmakeitwhirrintolife!▶▶Fordetailsonhowtojoinarobotclub:tinyurlcom/TWJ-members▶▶21.Whatdoyouneedtobuildarobotathome?A.Toknowlotsaboutelectronics. B.Toputnecessarypartstogether.C.Tobeageniusatengineering. D.Tohaverichexperienceinplayingwithrobots.22.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreaboutdifferentrobotkits,youcanvisit________.A. B.tinyurl,com/TWJ-realrobotsC. D.23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toencourageteenstolearntosolveproblemsbybuildingrobots.B.Toexplaintheadvantagesofbuildingone’sownrobots.C.Toanalysetheneedofteenstobuildtheirownrobots.D.Toadvertiseamethodofbuildingrobotswithfun.BFreeHaircutsonaRedChairLastsummer,KatieStellerwasonherwaytowork.Shestoppedatatrafficlight,whereaman,inhis60s,lookingoutofluck,wassittingalone.Sherolleddownherwindow.“Hey!”sheshouted.“I’mdrivingaroundgivingfreehaircuts.Doyouwantonerightnow?”Theman,missingafewteeth,pausedandlaughed.“Actually,”hesaid,“Ihaveafuneral(葬礼)togotothisweek.Iwasreallyhopingtogetahaircut.”Then,Stellerunloadedaredchairfromthecar.Theman,namedEdward,tookaseat.AsStellerwascuttinghiscurlygrayinghair,hetoldheraboutgrowingupinMississippi,aboutmovingtoMinnesota,andhowhestilltalkedtohismomoverphoneeveryday.Todate,Stellerhasgiven30orsosuchhaircutstopeoplearoundthecity.Theyarealllivingonthemargins,andsheisawareofthepowerofherwork.“It’smorethanahaircut,”shesays.“Iwantittobeagateway,toshowvalueandrespect,butalsotogettoknowpeople.”Stellerknowsthatahaircutcanchangealife.Onechangedhers:Asateen,shesufferedfromulcerativecolitis(溃疡性结肠炎)thatwassoserious,herhairthinnedseverely.Seeingthis,hermotherarrangedforSteller’sfirstprofessionalhaircut.“Tositdownandhavesomebodylookatmeandtalktomelikeapersonandnotjustanillness,ithelpedmefeelcaredaboutandlessalone,”shesays.Afterthat,Stellerknewshewantedtohaveherownhairsalonsoshecouldhelppeoplefeelthewayshe’dfeltthatday.Notlongafterfinishingcosmetologyschool(美容学校)in2016,sherealizedherdream.Twoyearslater,shebeganwhatshenowcallsherRedChairProject,reachingouttopeopleonthestreets.Stellersaid,“Ican’tfixtheirproblems,butmaybeIcanhelpthemfeellessaloneforamoment.”Stellerlistenstopeople’sstoriesofloss,addiction,andstruggletogetbackontheirfeet.AnoffshootoftheRedChairProjectistheStellerKindnessProject,inwhichpeoplewhocommitactsofkindnessareinvitedforafreemakeover(美容)atSteller’ssalon.Inexchange,theytelltheirstories,whichStellersharesonherwebsite.Herhopeisthatbyreadingaboutkindacts,otherswillbeinspiredtodotheirown.Sofar,it’sworking.“Youhavenoideawhatpeoplearegoingtodowiththekindnessthatyougivetothem,”saysSteller.24.EdwardagreedtohaveahaircutbyStellerbecause________.A.hewantedtotalkwithStellerabouthislifeB.hewantedtolookgoodforaspecialoccasionC.hewastoooldtogotoahairsalonbyhimselfD.hewasjustwaitingforafreehaircutonthestreet25.Inparagraph5,theunderlinedwords“livingonthemargins”canprobablybereplacedby________.A.livingwithlittlecareandattentionB.livingfarfromdowntownareasC.livingwithseriousillnessesD.livinginuntidyconditions26.WhatmadeStellerwanttosetupherownsalon?A.Herexcellenthaircutskills.B.Hermother’sencouragement.C.Herexperienceofaformalhaircut.DHerdreamtoofferpeoplefreehaircuts.27.What’sthepurposeofStellerKindnessProject?A.Tomakecontributionstocharity.B.Toencouragepeopletospreadkindness.C.Torewardkindpeoplewithfreemakeovers.D.TocollectmovingstoriesforSteller’swebsite.CWeallknowthevalueoftakingawalkinthefreshspringweather.Itallowsyourmindtorelaxandforgetabouttheproblemsineverydaylife.Studieshavecommonlyshownthebenefitsofbeingaroundgreenspaces,includinggardens,urbanparksandforests.Butdidyouknowthatbeingincontactwiththesenaturalsurroundingsduringchildhoodcouldpositivelyimpact(影响)yourmentalhealthasanadult?AstudybytheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth(ISGlobal)surveyed3,600peoplefromalloverEurope,includingSpain,theNetherlands,LithuaniaandtheUK.Theall-adultstudygaveparticipantsaquestionnaire(问卷)onhowfrequentlytheyusednaturalspacesduringchildhood—forexample,playinginagarden,ridingabikeattheparkorhikinginaforest.Theywerealsoaskedabouttheimportancetheyputonusingsuchplaces.Volunteerswerethengivenapsychological(心理的)test,whichincludedavarietyofquestionnairesandproblem-solvingactivities,toanalyzetheirnervousnessandfeelingsofdepression(抑郁)withinafour-weekperiod.Theresultsconsistentlyshowedthatthepeoplewhoweremoreexposed(暴露的)tonaturalspaceshadhighermentalhealthscorescomparedtothosewithlowerchildhoodexposure—asdidthosewhoattachedhigherimportancetousinggreenspaces.Thestudy’scoordinator(协调员),WilmaZijlema,wrotethattheresults“showtheimportanceofchildhoodexposuretonaturalspacesforthedevelopmentofanature-appreciatingattitudeandahealthypsychologicalstateinadulthood”.Shealsostressedtheimportanceof“recognizingtheimplications(含义)ofgrowingupinenvironmentswithlimitedopportunitiesforexposuretonature”.Accordingtothestudy,73percentofEurope’spopulationonlyhaslimitedaccess(接触机会)tonaturalspaces.MarkNieuwenhuijsen,directorofISGlobal’sUrbanPlanning,saidthat“ManychildreninEuropeleadanindoorlifestyle…sowecallonpolicymakerstoimprovetheavailability(可得性)ofnaturalspacesforchildren.”WhilethisstudywasbasedinEurope,alackofgreenspacecanaffectanyone,anywhere.Soremembertomaketimetoimmerseyourselfinnature,asyourmentalhealthisjustasimportantasthephysicalone.28.WhatwasthepurposeoftheISGlobal’swalkingstudy?A.Toexaminetheadvantagesoftakingawalk.B.Tounderstandthementalhealthproblemsofchildren.C.Toseehowchildhoodexperiencesshapeadultlife.D.Tostudytheinfluenceofchildhoodexposuretonaturalspaces.29.Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?A.Theparticipantsincludedbothchildrenandadults.B.Theparticipantswerefromallovertheworld.C.Itconsistedofaquestionnaireandapsychologicaltest.D.Itfocusedontheparticipants’physicalhealthstate.30.WhatdoParagraphs7-8mainlytalkabout?A.Theresultsofthestudy.B.Thevalueofthestudy.C.Themethodofthestudy.D.Theprocessofthestudy.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“immerse”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Loseoneselfinsomething.B.Understandsomething.C.Protectagainstsomething.D.Imaginedoingsomething.DYouhaveprobablyheardoftheMozarteffect.It’stheideathatifchildrenorevenbabieslistentomusiccomposedbyMozart,theywillbecomemoreintelligent.AquickInternetsearchrevealsplentyofproductstoassistyouinthetask.WhateveryourageisthereareCDsandbookstohelpyoutastethepowerofMozart’smusic,butwhenitcomestoscientificevidencethatitcanmakeyoumoreclever,thepictureismoremixed.Thephrase“theMozarteffect”wasmadeupin1991,butitwasastudydescribedtwoyearslaterinthejournalNaturethatsparkedrealmediaandpublicinterestabouttheideathatlisteningtoclassicalmusicsomehowimprovesthebrain.Itisoneofthoseideasthatsoundreasonable.Mozartwasundoubtedlyageniushimself;hismusiciscomplexandthereisahopethatifwelistentoenoughofit,we’llbecomemoreintelligent.Theideatookoff,withthousandsofparentsplayingMozarttotheirchildren,andin1998ZellMiller,theGovernorofthestateofGeorgiaintheUS,evenaskedformoneytobesetasideinthestatebudgetsothateverynewbornbabycouldbesentaCDofclassicalmusic.ItwasnotjustbabiesandchildrenwhowereexposedtoMozart’smusiconpurpose,evenanItalianfarmerproudlyexplainedthatthecowswereplayedMozartthreetimesadaytohelpthemproducebettermilk.I’llleavethedebateontheimpactonmilkyieldtofarmers,butwhatabouttheevidencethatlisteningtoMozartmakespeoplemoreintelligent?Moreresearchwascarriedoutbutananalysisofsixteendifferentstudiesconfirmedthatlisteningtomusicdoesleadtoatemporaryimprovementintheabilitytohandleshapesmentally,butthebenefitsareshort-livedanditdoesn’tmakeusmoreintelligent.32.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A.Mozartcomposedmanymusicalpiecesforchildren.B.ChildrenlisteningtoMozartwillbemoreintelligent.C.TherearefewproductsontheInternetaboutMozart’smusic.D.ThereislittlescientificevidencetosupporttheMozarteffect.33.WhydidmanypeoplebelieveintheideaoftheMozarteffect?A.BecauseastudydescribeditinthejournalNature.B.BecauseMozarthimselfwasagenius.C.BecauseMozart’smusicisenjoyable.DBecauseMozart’smusicmakespeoplerelaxed.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheMozarteffect?A.Favorable. B.Subjective. C.Doubtful. D.Positive.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoStudyMoreEffectivelyNomatterwhetheryouarepreparingforsomespecificcourse,aprofessionaldegree,oranentranceexam,it’simportanttomaximizestudytimeandimprovetheefficiencyofstudy.____35____Youcanuseacalendar,anapp,orapinboardtimetabletodraftaschedulethatworksbestforyou.Includethestudytime,sleep,andthesocializingtimeintheschedule.Makesureyougiveyourselfmoretimethanyouthinkyouneed,especiallyifit’sasubjectyoustrugglewith.Youcanalsocutyourstudytimeintoshortsessions.Yourmostproductivestudyingtypicallyoccurswithinthefirst25to30minutesofhittingbooks,sotrytostudyin30minutes,andtakea5—10minutebreak,sothatyouareabletoabsorbandconsolidatetheinformation.____36____Studyingisn’tonlyspendinghoursandhoursonlistofwhatyouthinkwillbeonanexamorquiz.____37____Thiscanbedonethroughasix-stepapproach:remembering,understanding,applying,analyzing,evaluatingandcreating.Youshouldfocusonamethodthatwillhelpyouachieveahigherleveloflearning.Thehigherlevelsoflearningfocusonaskingquestionssuchaswhatif,howandwhyratherthanwhere,whatandwho.____38____Researchshowsthatbeingtestedisnotonlyusefulinevaluatinghowwellyouhavelearnedsomethingbutalsovaluableforavoidingfuturemistakes.Answeringquestionsunsuccessfullycanhelpyouunderstandconceptsbetter.Ifyourprofessoroffersyoupracticeexams,takethemhomeandlearnfromthem.Understandwhyyougotcertainquestionswrongandothersright.____39____Forceeachothertoexpandanswersinordertounderstandthematerialbetter.Followingthesuggestionstostudymoreeffectivelywillmeanshorterandmoreefficientstudysessions,andeventually,bettergrades!A.Youcanquizyourselfwheneverpossible.B.Effectivestudyingstartswiththerightattitude.C.Itisimportanttostudyinasmartwayandgotheextramile.D.Studywithfriendsorclassmatesandquestioneachotheronthematerial.E.Youaremorelikelytodowellbeforeaquizwhenyouhavetimetoreview.F.Creatingascheduleisthefirstandmostimportantthingtomaximizeyourstudytime.G.Thisiswhyacertainbalanceshouldbemadeandstudyingtimeshouldbecutintoshortersessions.第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。GoodTasteofKnowledgeTheaimofeducationorcultureismerelythedevelopmentofgoodtasteinknowledgeandgoodforminconduct.Theculturedmanortheidealeducatedmanisnotnecessarilyonewhoiswell-readorlearned,butonewholikesanddislikestherightthings.Toknowwhattoloveandwhattohateistohavetasteinknowledge.Nothingismoreannoyingthantomeetapersonatapartywhosemindiscrammed(填塞)fullwithhistoricaldatesandfiguresandwhoisextremelywell-postedoncurrentinternationalaffairs,butwhoseattitudesorpointsofviewareallwrong.Ihavemetsuchpeople.Theydohavegreatacademicknowledge,butnogoodjudgmentortaste.Beingknowledgeableisamerematterofthecrammingoffactsorinformationwhilehavinggoodtasteisamatterofartisticjudgment.Inspeakingofascholar,theChinesegenerallydistinguishbetweentheirscholarship,conductandtaste.Aneducatedman,therefore,isonewhohastherightlovesandhatreds.Thiswecalltaste,andwithtastecomescharm.Now,tohavetasterequiresacapacityforthinkingthingsthroughtothebottom,theindependenceofjudgment,andtheunwillingnesstobeaffectedbyanyformofpower.Whenamaniswrong,heiswrong,andthereisnoneedforonetobeimpressedbyagreatnameorbythenumberofbooksthathehasreadandwehaven’t.Taste,theniscloselyassociatedwithcourage,astheChine