2023学年完整公开课版构词法

教学辅助课件高中语法综合复习全解P5WordFormationDothe

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answers1-5life-style,underground,易怒的，自我形象，爆发6-10reasonable,natural,slowly,arrange,amazingWord-formation合成法派生法转化法缩写和简写1.—Ihavea_______.

—Youshouldn’teattoomuchcandy.

A.toothache

B.headache

C.backacheD.stomachache考点题例1:合成法解析：合成名词toothache牙疼headache头疼backache背疼stomachache胃疼2.Mybrotherisreally________.Heoftenworksinhisofficefarintothenight.A.open-mindedB.hard-workingC.self-confidentD.warm-hearted解析：合成形容词open-minded思想开明的hard-working勤奋的self-confident自信的warm-hearted热心的3.It‘sourhopethatwewillplayagreaterroleinthemarketplaceand,_______,supplymorejobs.(2014安徽)A.howeverB.anywhereC.thereforeD.otherwise解析：合成副词therefore因此，however不过，anywhere无论如何otherwise否则4.Thefoodcost$3,buthewas________by50cents.A.overchargedB.overworkC.underchargeD.outdo解析：合成动词overcharge多要多收overwork工作过度undercharge低于要价outdo超过胜过把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词的方法。考点梳理合成法合成名词class+room=classroom(名词+名词)black+board=blackboard(形容词+名词)合成形容词warm+heart+ed=warmhearted热心肠的(形容词+名词+ed)good+looking=good-looking相貌好看的(形容词+名词)合成动词

over+come=overcome(副词+动词)合成数词fifty+four=fifty-four合成代词everyone,somebody,anything,nobody(不定代词+名词)合成副词down+stairs=downstairs在楼下(形容词+名词)whole+heartedly=wholeheartedly全神贯注地(副词+副词)选择合适的合成词填空，并注意形式变化。absent-mindpasser-byface-to-facedry-cleanill-treatpeace-lovingcolor-blindpickpocketnotebookready-made1.Suchexpensiveclothesneed_____________.2.Theboyis__________andcannottellbluefromyellow.3.Some__________lentmeahandwhentheysawmegetintotrouble.4.The__________wascaughtstealingthecellphonefromalady.5.The__________blackstookupstrugglesforequalhumanrights.dry-cleaningcolor-blindpassers-bypickpocketill-treated举一反三6.Theyagreedtohavea___________interviewnextweek.7.Thefatmancanhardlyfindany__________clothesthatfithimwell.8.WeChineseare___________peopleandwe’llneverdeclarewaronothers.9.The_____________professorisalwayslosinghisglasseswhenwearingthem.10.WhenIusemydictionary,IwritedownallthenewwordsIlearninthislittle_________.absent-mindpasser-byface-to-facedry-cleanill-treatpeace-lovingcolor-blindpickpocketnotebookready-madeface-to-faceready-madepeace-lovingabsent-mindednotebook考点题例2:转化法说出下列各组词在句子中的词性并翻译：

1.book

Thehotelisfullybookedup.

Itisthethirdtimethathehasreadthebook.

2.cool

Openthewindowstocooltheroom.

Whatacoolday!book

预定v.book

书n.cool

使凉快;使冷却v.cool

凉爽的adj.3.face

Hewasafraidofriskingfailurebecausehedidn'twanttoloseface.

Iliveinahouse,thewindowofwhichfacessouth.

4.empty

Thedrawerisempty.

Heemptiedthebottle.

5.last

Shewasthelasttoarrive.

ThehotweatherlasteduntilSeptember.face

面部；脸n.face

面朝；面向v.empty

空的adj.empty

腾空；倒空，v.last

最后的，adj.last

持续，v.常见的转化形式：转化法考点梳理名词→动词button纽扣→button扣上纽扣形容词→动词correct正确的→correct改正动词→名词feed喂养→feed一餐，一顿形容词→名词native本地的→native本地人副词→动词up在上面→up提高1．Youarenotalone，andweareall________(back)you.2．Hefinishedhistask，walkedoutoftheofficeand________(head)forthecoffeehouse.3．Thelittleboysucceededin________(clear)thetable.4．Thegreenhandwas______(fine)manytimesforhisbreakingtrafficlaws.5．Whenyou’reswinging，youshouldholdtherope________(firm)．Fillintheblanks.firmly举一反三backingheadedclearingfined考点题例3:派生法1.Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime.______________(fortunate),Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.2._______(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.(2015广东卷）3.However,theworst____________(impress)isthatIwasfeelinghungryallthetime.UnfortunatelyLuckilyimpression4.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir_______(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.(2015全国卷II)5.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand______________(disappoint).(2014全国卷II)abilitydisappointed常见的前缀1.表示否定的前缀：

un-unfair,unhappy

non-nonsmoker(常用在n.adj.adv.前)

in-indirect(常用在adj.后)

dis-disagree,disappear

im-impolite,impossible(用在b,p,m开头的词前)

2.表示错误或失当的前缀:mis-misunderstand,misdirect(误导)考点梳理3.表示两个,双边的前缀：

bi-bicolor(双色的),bicycle4.表示相互,交互,在一起的前缀

inter—interview,

international,internet5.表示又,再,重新的前缀

re—review,return,rewrite6.表示远的前缀

tele–telephone,television常见的后缀-tioneducation,invitation,prediction-mentdevelopment,movement,disappointment-erteacher,worker,runner,singer-orvisitor,sailor,tutor,actor名词后缀补充:-ist

(人,名词后缀)

physicist,terrorist-ese(民族,语言,名词后缀)

Chinese,Japanese1.动词变名词：2.形容词变名词-ness

happiness,meanness,carelessness-ity

ability,possibility3.动词变形容词

-altraditionalinternationalnatural4.名词、形容词变动词：-ify

beautify,simplify-ize

realize-en

quicken,widen,sharpen-ywindy,rainy,healthy,funny,cloudy-ishfoolish,feverish-somehandsome,troublesome-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful,careful,peaceful,colorful-lesshomeless,helpless,careless-edsurprised,balanced,talented-inginteresting,outstanding5.名词变形容词举一反三1.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit________(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeoplelivinginShanghaiandHongKong.(2015全国卷I）2.Ican’tcontrolmybodywell.Mylegsbecome________(pain).(2014辽宁卷）3.ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary.Maryfelt_______(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.(2012广东卷）regularlypainfulpleasedFillintheblanks.4.Andifyouhaveagood__________(appear)andalsooriginalorexpensiveclothestoshowoffatyourconcerts….5.Theyflyfaster,aremuchlarger,andhavetelevisionsetsbuiltinforpassengers’__________(enjoy).6.Iwon’tdothepurchasebecausethepriceofthisdressis_____________(reason).appearanceenjoymentunreasonable缩写和简写缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法)。主要采取“截头”、“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词。telephone---phoneairplane---planelaboratory---labMathematics---mathadvertisement---adexamination---exam

考点梳理另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成。CD(compactdisk)CCTV(ChinaCentralTelevision)NBA(NationalBasketballAssociation)UFO(unidentifiedflyingobject)UN(UnitedNations)ID(identification)USA(UnitedStatesofAmerica)

I.Fillintheblankswiththewords.1.Theriverwassopollutedthatit________(actual)caughtfireandburned.2.EvenifIeatnothingbutbeans,Icanlive__________(peace).3.Iwasabouttogiveupwhenmyfathercameand___________(encouragement)metokeepgoing.4.Parents_________(arrangement)everythingfortheirchildrenandsparenoefforttopavethewayfortheirsuccess.actuallypeacefullyencouragedarrange5.Veryearlythenextmorning,amazingly,wegotcompletelysatisfiedinatotally__________(expect)way.6.Freshfruitsandvegetablescanprovidemuchofourdaily____________(require).7.Asisknowntousall,theEntranceExamisagreat___________,andthestudentsare___________(compete).unexpectedrequirementcompetitioncompetitorsJohnandhisfathernevermadean__________(agree)ononething,sotheyoften_____________(approve)ofeachother,fortherewassome_______________(understand)betweenthem.Onceona_____(sun)day,Johnandhisparentswenttodinnerathisaunt's_________(invite).Ontheir________(arrive),Johndidn'tsay“hello”for____(fear).Whentheyleftafterdinner,Johnsaid“Bye-bye!”tohisauntinalowvoice.However,hisfatherdidn'thearit.HethoughtJohnwas________(polite),and___________(behave)himself,withoutsa