中医-英语简介课件

TraditionalChineseMedicine1.

Philosophicalbackground:principles

humanbodyisaself-regulatinguniversewithasetofsophisticatedclosely-relatedsubsystems.Philosophically,humanbodyisoperatedonthemovementof①yinandyang(阴阳)and②fiveelements(五行).Subsystemsinclude①qi(气)②xuĕ(血)③

bodyfluid(津液)④

zàng-fǔ(脏腑bodyorgans)⑤meridians(经络circulationchannels)etc.

Healthisperceivedasharmoniousinteractionofentitiesofthesesubsystemsandtheoutsideworld;diseaseisinterpretedasadisharmonyorimbalanceininteractionbetweenthehumanbodyandtheenvironment(outsideworld).TraditionalChineseMedicine1.1HypothesisonTCM2.Philosophicalperceptions1）yinandyang

(asinTaoism)representtwoabstract

andcomplementaryaspectsthateveryphenomenonintheuniversecanbedividedinto.Theconceptofyinandyangisalsoapplicabletothehumanbody;forexample,theupperpartofthebodyandthebackareassignedtoyang,whilethelowerpartofthebodyarebelievedtohavetheyincharacter.

HypothesisonTCM2.Philosophi2中医-英语简介ppt课件32）FiveElements(五行)

Fiveelementtheory

presumesthatallphenomenaoftheuniverseandnaturecanbebrokendownintofiveelementalqualities–representedby

wood(木,

mù),fire(火,huǒ),earth(土,

tǔ),metal(金,

jīn),andwater(水,

shuǐ),whichareinter-generativeandinter-contractive.2）FiveElements(五行)43.Subsystemsofthebody1)Qi(气)Qi

isamediumflowinginsidethebloodvesselsandisdistributedintheskin,muscles,andtissuestransportingandcirculatingbalancedyinandyanginthemeridians(经络).JustastheQiheldbyeachofthezang-fuorgans(脏腑器官),itisalsoconsideredtobepartofthe‘’principaloressential‘’qi(元气、真气)ofthebody.ConsiderablepartofQiisinheritedfromtheparentsandwillbeconsumedinthecourseoflife;otherpartisbelievedtobepartiallygeneratedfromfoodanddrink,andpartiallyfromair(bybreathing).Qiinheritedfromparentsstoredinthe丹田(about3寸underthenavel)isusedtonourishthemind(brain).3.Subsystemsofthebody5Generally,Qiissaidtohavefivecardinalfunctions,whichare:

①Actuation(推动)–ofallphysicalprocessesinthebody,especiallythecirculationofallbodyfluidssuchasbloodintheirvessels.Thisincludesactuationofthefunctionsofthezang-fuorgansandmeridians(pathwaysofQi).

②Warming(温煦)–thebody,especiallythelimbs.③Defense(防御)–againstExogenousPathogenicFactors(外源病因)

④Containment(固摄)–ofbodyfluids,i.e.keepingblood,sweat,urine,semenetc.fromleakageorexcessiveemission.⑤Transformation(汽化)–offood,drink,andbreathintoqi,xue(blood血),andjinye(“bodyfluids”津液),and/ortransformationofallofthelatterintoeachother.Generally,Qiissaidtohave62)Xue(blood血)Incontrasttothemajorityofotherfunctionalentities,xuě(血,"blood")iscorrelatedwithaphysicalform–the

redliquid

runninginthebloodvessels.Itsconceptis,nevertheless,definedbyitsfunctions:nourishingallpartsandtissuesofthebody,safeguardinganadequatedegreeofmoisture,andsustainingandsoothingbothconsciousnessandsleep.Typicalsymptomsofalackofxuě(usuallytermed“bloodvacuity”[血虚,

xuěxū])aredescribedas:pale-whiteorwithered-yellowcomplexion,dizziness,floweryvision,palpitations(心悸),insomnia,numbnessoftheextremities;paletongue;"fine"pulse.2)Xue(blood血)73）jīnyė

津液bodyfluidCloselyrelatedtobloodarethejīnyė(津液,usuallytranslatedas"bodyfluids"),andjustlikeblood,theyareconsideredtobeyininnature,anddefinedfirstandforemostbythefunctionsofnurturingandmoisturizingthedifferentstructuresofthebody.

Theirotherfunctionsaretoharmonizeyinandyang,andtohelpwiththesecretionofwasteproducts.津液areultimatelyextractedfromfoodanddrink,andconstitutetherawmaterialfortheproductionofblood;conversely,bloodcanalsobetransformedinto津液.Theirpalpable(易觉察的)manifestationsareallbodilyfluids:

tears(泪),

sputum(痰),

saliva(唾液),

gastricjuice(胃液),

jointfluid,

sweat,urine,etc.3）jīnyė津液bodyfluid84)Zang-fu(脏腑bodyorgans

)Zang-fuconstitutethecentrepieceofTCM‘ssystematizationofbodilyfunctions.Bearingthenamesoforgans,theyare,however,onlysecondarilytiedto(rudimentary)

anatomical

assumptions(the腑alittlemore,the脏muchless).

Astheyareprimarilydefinedbytheirfunctions,

theyarenotequivalenttotheanatomicalorgans–tohighlightthisfact,theirnamesareusuallycapitalized.Thetermzàng(脏)referstothefiveentitiesconsideredtobeyininnature–

Heart(心,)

Liver(肝),

Spleen(脾),

Lung(肺),

Kidney(肾)

–,whilefǔ(腑)referstothesixyangorgans–

SmallIntestine(小肠),

LargeIntestine(大肠),

Gallbladder(胆),

UrinaryBladder(膀胱),

Stomach(胃)

and

三焦(Sānjiaō).4)Zang-fu(脏腑bodyorgans)9The脏zàng‘sessentialfunctionsconsistinproductionandstorageof(气)qìandblood(血);inawidersensetheyarestipulatedtoregulatedigestion,breathing,watermetabolism,themusculoskeletalsystem,theskin,thesenseorgans,aging,emotionalprocesses,mentalactivityetc.

Thefǔorgans’mainpurposeismerelytotransmitanddigest(传化,

chuán-huà)

substanceslikewaste,food,etc.Sincetheirconceptwasdevelopedonthebasisof

fiveelement

philosophy,eachzàngispairedwithafǔ,andeachzàng-fǔpairisassignedtooneoffiveelementalqualities(i.e.,theFiveElementsorFivePhases).

The脏zàng‘sessentialfunction10Thesecorrespondencesarestipulatedas:Fire(火)→Heart(心)andSmallIntestine(小肠)(and,secondarily,Sānjiaō(三焦)andPericardium(心包)Earth(土)→Spleen(脾)andStomach(胃)Metal(金)→Lung(肺)andLargeIntestine(大肠)Water(水)→Kidney(肾)andBladder(膀胱)Wood(木)→Liver(肝)andGallbladder(胆)Thezàng-fǔarealsoconnectedtothe

twelvestandardmeridians十二经脉

–eachyangmeridianisattachedtoafǔorganandfiveoftheyinmeridiansareattachedtoazàng.Asthereareonlyfivezàngbutsixyinmeridians,thesixthisassignedtothe

Pericardium心包,apeculiarentityalmostsimilartotheHeartzàng.Thesecorrespondencesarestip115)Jing-luo:pathwaysofQi(经络)humanbody,apartfromtherunningbloodinthevessels,isalsoruledbyainvisibleflowofpowercalledQithatbuildsupandstorewithinthebody.Itisaforcethathasitsownorders,rhythms,directionsandmoments.Bigpathwaysofthisforceare经jing,andsmallpathwaysofitare络luo.Thesepathways(经络)arebelievedtobecirculationchannelsrunningfromthezàng-fǔintheinterior(里)ofthebodytothelimbsandjoints("thesurface"表),transportingqiandblood.

BlockageofpathwayswillcauseQiandbloodstagnation,evenworseisparalysisofthejointsandmuscles.TCMidentifies12"regular"and8"extraordinary"pathways;

theChinesetermsbeing十二经脉(lit."theTwelveVessels")and奇经八脉respectively.There'salsoanumberoflesscustomarychannelsbranchingofffromthe"regular"pathways.5)Jing-luo:pathwaysofQi(124.Therapies1)herbalmedicine中草药---Typically,onebatchofmedicinalsispreparedasa

decoction

ofabout9to18substances.

Someoftheseareconsideredasmainherbs,someasancillary辅助性herbs;withintheancillaryherbs,uptothreecategoriescanbedistinguished.

4.Therapies132）Acupunctureandmoxibustion

针灸zhēnjiǔAcupuncture

meansinsertionofneedlesintosuperficialstructuresofthebody(skin,subcutaneoustissue,muscles)–usuallyat

acupuncturepoints

(acupoints)–andtheirsubsequentmanipulation;thisaimsatinfluencingtheflowof

qi.AccordingtoTCMitrelieves

pain

andtreats(andprevents)variousdiseases.Acupunctureisoftenaccompaniedby

moxibustion

–theChinesecharactersforacupuncture(针灸

)literallymeaning“acupuncture-moxibustion”–whichinvolvesburning

mugwort艾草

onorneartheskinatanacupuncturepoint.

2）Acupunctureandmoxibustion14

AcupunctureandmoxibustionAcupunctureandmoxibustion153）cupping拔罐

Cupping

(拔罐)isatypeofChinesemassage,consistingofplacingseveralglass"cups"(openspheres)onthebody.Amatchislitandplacedinsidethecupandthenremovedbeforeplacingthecupagainsttheskin.Astheairinthecupisheated,itexpands,andafterplacingintheskin,cools,creatinglowerpressureinsidethecupthatallowsthecuptosticktotheskinvia

suction.Whencombinedwithmassageoil,thecupscanbeslidaroundtheback,offering"reverse-pressuremassage".3）cupping拔罐164）GuaSha刮痧

GuaSha

isabradingtheskinwithpiecesofsmoothjade,bone,animaltusksorhornsorsmoothstones;untilredspotsthenbruisingcovertheareatowhichitisdone.Itisbelievedthatthistreatmentisforalmostanyailmentincludingcholera.Theredspotsandbruisingwillhealin3to10daysautomaticallywithoutanyextraaid,andthereisoftensomesorenessintheareathathasbeentreated.

4）GuaSha刮痧175)Chinesefoodtherapy食疗

Chinesefoodor

Nutrition

therapy,isamodalityof

traditionalChinesemedicine.Centraltothisbeliefsystemistheideathatcertainfoodshavea"hot"orheat-inducingqualitywhileothershavea"cold"orchillingeffectonthebodyanditsorgansandfluids.Animbalanceofthis"heat"and"cold"issaidtoincreasesusceptibilitytosicknessortodirectlycausediseaseitself.Suchanimbalanceisnotnecessarilyre