




版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
TraditionalChineseMedicine1.
Philosophicalbackground:principles
humanbodyisaself-regulatinguniversewithasetofsophisticatedclosely-relatedsubsystems.Philosophically,humanbodyisoperatedonthemovementof①yinandyang(阴阳)and②fiveelements(五行).Subsystemsinclude①qi(气)②xuĕ(血)③
bodyfluid(津液)④
zàng-fǔ(脏腑bodyorgans)⑤meridians(经络circulationchannels)etc.
Healthisperceivedasharmoniousinteractionofentitiesofthesesubsystemsandtheoutsideworld;diseaseisinterpretedasadisharmonyorimbalanceininteractionbetweenthehumanbodyandtheenvironment(outsideworld).TraditionalChineseMedicine1.1HypothesisonTCM2.Philosophicalperceptions1)yinandyang
(asinTaoism)representtwoabstract
andcomplementaryaspectsthateveryphenomenonintheuniversecanbedividedinto.Theconceptofyinandyangisalsoapplicabletothehumanbody;forexample,theupperpartofthebodyandthebackareassignedtoyang,whilethelowerpartofthebodyarebelievedtohavetheyincharacter.
HypothesisonTCM2.Philosophi2中医-英语简介ppt课件32)FiveElements(五行)
Fiveelementtheory
presumesthatallphenomenaoftheuniverseandnaturecanbebrokendownintofiveelementalqualities–representedby
wood(木,
mù),fire(火,huǒ),earth(土,
tǔ),metal(金,
jīn),andwater(水,
shuǐ),whichareinter-generativeandinter-contractive.2)FiveElements(五行)43.Subsystemsofthebody1)Qi(气)Qi
isamediumflowinginsidethebloodvesselsandisdistributedintheskin,muscles,andtissuestransportingandcirculatingbalancedyinandyanginthemeridians(经络).JustastheQiheldbyeachofthezang-fuorgans(脏腑器官),itisalsoconsideredtobepartofthe‘’principaloressential‘’qi(元气、真气)ofthebody.ConsiderablepartofQiisinheritedfromtheparentsandwillbeconsumedinthecourseoflife;otherpartisbelievedtobepartiallygeneratedfromfoodanddrink,andpartiallyfromair(bybreathing).Qiinheritedfromparentsstoredinthe丹田(about3寸underthenavel)isusedtonourishthemind(brain).3.Subsystemsofthebody5Generally,Qiissaidtohavefivecardinalfunctions,whichare:
①Actuation(推动)–ofallphysicalprocessesinthebody,especiallythecirculationofallbodyfluidssuchasbloodintheirvessels.Thisincludesactuationofthefunctionsofthezang-fuorgansandmeridians(pathwaysofQi).
②Warming(温煦)–thebody,especiallythelimbs.③Defense(防御)–againstExogenousPathogenicFactors(外源病因)
④Containment(固摄)–ofbodyfluids,i.e.keepingblood,sweat,urine,semenetc.fromleakageorexcessiveemission.⑤Transformation(汽化)–offood,drink,andbreathintoqi,xue(blood血),andjinye(“bodyfluids”津液),and/ortransformationofallofthelatterintoeachother.Generally,Qiissaidtohave62)Xue(blood血)Incontrasttothemajorityofotherfunctionalentities,xuě(血,"blood")iscorrelatedwithaphysicalform–the
redliquid
runninginthebloodvessels.Itsconceptis,nevertheless,definedbyitsfunctions:nourishingallpartsandtissuesofthebody,safeguardinganadequatedegreeofmoisture,andsustainingandsoothingbothconsciousnessandsleep.Typicalsymptomsofalackofxuě(usuallytermed“bloodvacuity”[血虚,
xuěxū])aredescribedas:pale-whiteorwithered-yellowcomplexion,dizziness,floweryvision,palpitations(心悸),insomnia,numbnessoftheextremities;paletongue;"fine"pulse.2)Xue(blood血)73)jīnyė
津液bodyfluidCloselyrelatedtobloodarethejīnyė(津液,usuallytranslatedas"bodyfluids"),andjustlikeblood,theyareconsideredtobeyininnature,anddefinedfirstandforemostbythefunctionsofnurturingandmoisturizingthedifferentstructuresofthebody.
Theirotherfunctionsaretoharmonizeyinandyang,andtohelpwiththesecretionofwasteproducts.津液areultimatelyextractedfromfoodanddrink,andconstitutetherawmaterialfortheproductionofblood;conversely,bloodcanalsobetransformedinto津液.Theirpalpable(易觉察的)manifestationsareallbodilyfluids:
tears(泪),
sputum(痰),
saliva(唾液),
gastricjuice(胃液),
jointfluid,
sweat,urine,etc.3)jīnyė津液bodyfluid84)Zang-fu(脏腑bodyorgans
)Zang-fuconstitutethecentrepieceofTCM‘ssystematizationofbodilyfunctions.Bearingthenamesoforgans,theyare,however,onlysecondarilytiedto(rudimentary)
anatomical
assumptions(the腑alittlemore,the脏muchless).
Astheyareprimarilydefinedbytheirfunctions,
theyarenotequivalenttotheanatomicalorgans–tohighlightthisfact,theirnamesareusuallycapitalized.Thetermzàng(脏)referstothefiveentitiesconsideredtobeyininnature–
Heart(心,)
Liver(肝),
Spleen(脾),
Lung(肺),
Kidney(肾)
–,whilefǔ(腑)referstothesixyangorgans–
SmallIntestine(小肠),
LargeIntestine(大肠),
Gallbladder(胆),
UrinaryBladder(膀胱),
Stomach(胃)
and
三焦(Sānjiaō).4)Zang-fu(脏腑bodyorgans)9The脏zàng‘sessentialfunctionsconsistinproductionandstorageof(气)qìandblood(血);inawidersensetheyarestipulatedtoregulatedigestion,breathing,watermetabolism,themusculoskeletalsystem,theskin,thesenseorgans,aging,emotionalprocesses,mentalactivityetc.
Thefǔorgans’mainpurposeismerelytotransmitanddigest(传化,
chuán-huà)
substanceslikewaste,food,etc.Sincetheirconceptwasdevelopedonthebasisof
fiveelement
philosophy,eachzàngispairedwithafǔ,andeachzàng-fǔpairisassignedtooneoffiveelementalqualities(i.e.,theFiveElementsorFivePhases).
The脏zàng‘sessentialfunction10Thesecorrespondencesarestipulatedas:Fire(火)→Heart(心)andSmallIntestine(小肠)(and,secondarily,Sānjiaō(三焦)andPericardium(心包)Earth(土)→Spleen(脾)andStomach(胃)Metal(金)→Lung(肺)andLargeIntestine(大肠)Water(水)→Kidney(肾)andBladder(膀胱)Wood(木)→Liver(肝)andGallbladder(胆)Thezàng-fǔarealsoconnectedtothe
twelvestandardmeridians十二经脉
–eachyangmeridianisattachedtoafǔorganandfiveoftheyinmeridiansareattachedtoazàng.Asthereareonlyfivezàngbutsixyinmeridians,thesixthisassignedtothe
Pericardium心包,apeculiarentityalmostsimilartotheHeartzàng.Thesecorrespondencesarestip115)Jing-luo:pathwaysofQi(经络)humanbody,apartfromtherunningbloodinthevessels,isalsoruledbyainvisibleflowofpowercalledQithatbuildsupandstorewithinthebody.Itisaforcethathasitsownorders,rhythms,directionsandmoments.Bigpathwaysofthisforceare经jing,andsmallpathwaysofitare络luo.Thesepathways(经络)arebelievedtobecirculationchannelsrunningfromthezàng-fǔintheinterior(里)ofthebodytothelimbsandjoints("thesurface"表),transportingqiandblood.
BlockageofpathwayswillcauseQiandbloodstagnation,evenworseisparalysisofthejointsandmuscles.TCMidentifies12"regular"and8"extraordinary"pathways;
theChinesetermsbeing十二经脉(lit."theTwelveVessels")and奇经八脉respectively.There'salsoanumberoflesscustomarychannelsbranchingofffromthe"regular"pathways.5)Jing-luo:pathwaysofQi(124.Therapies1)herbalmedicine中草药---Typically,onebatchofmedicinalsispreparedasa
decoction
ofabout9to18substances.
Someoftheseareconsideredasmainherbs,someasancillary辅助性herbs;withintheancillaryherbs,uptothreecategoriescanbedistinguished.
4.Therapies132)Acupunctureandmoxibustion
针灸zhēnjiǔAcupuncture
meansinsertionofneedlesintosuperficialstructuresofthebody(skin,subcutaneoustissue,muscles)–usuallyat
acupuncturepoints
(acupoints)–andtheirsubsequentmanipulation;thisaimsatinfluencingtheflowof
qi.AccordingtoTCMitrelieves
pain
andtreats(andprevents)variousdiseases.Acupunctureisoftenaccompaniedby
moxibustion
–theChinesecharactersforacupuncture(针灸
)literallymeaning“acupuncture-moxibustion”–whichinvolvesburning
mugwort艾草
onorneartheskinatanacupuncturepoint.
2)Acupunctureandmoxibustion14
AcupunctureandmoxibustionAcupunctureandmoxibustion153)cupping拔罐
Cupping
(拔罐)isatypeofChinesemassage,consistingofplacingseveralglass"cups"(openspheres)onthebody.Amatchislitandplacedinsidethecupandthenremovedbeforeplacingthecupagainsttheskin.Astheairinthecupisheated,itexpands,andafterplacingintheskin,cools,creatinglowerpressureinsidethecupthatallowsthecuptosticktotheskinvia
suction.Whencombinedwithmassageoil,thecupscanbeslidaroundtheback,offering"reverse-pressuremassage".3)cupping拔罐164)GuaSha刮痧
GuaSha
isabradingtheskinwithpiecesofsmoothjade,bone,animaltusksorhornsorsmoothstones;untilredspotsthenbruisingcovertheareatowhichitisdone.Itisbelievedthatthistreatmentisforalmostanyailmentincludingcholera.Theredspotsandbruisingwillhealin3to10daysautomaticallywithoutanyextraaid,andthereisoftensomesorenessintheareathathasbeentreated.
4)GuaSha刮痧175)Chinesefoodtherapy食疗
Chinesefoodor
Nutrition
therapy,isamodalityof
traditionalChinesemedicine.Centraltothisbeliefsystemistheideathatcertainfoodshavea"hot"orheat-inducingqualitywhileothershavea"cold"orchillingeffectonthebodyanditsorgansandfluids.Animbalanceofthis"heat"and"cold"issaidtoincreasesusceptibilitytosicknessortodirectlycausediseaseitself.Suchanimbalanceisnotnecessarilyre
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 预防溺水视频观后感
- 五千以内加减混合两步运算水平监控口算题大全附答案
- 超市促销活动总结(15篇)
- 酒店年度工作总结(集锦15篇)
- 2022年福建省中考化学第9题说题课件
- 酒店地毯保养
- 重度烧伤的护理流程
- 酒店会议服务培训
- 2024-2025学年深圳市初三英语中考适应性考试英语试题(含答案)
- 小学五年级数学口算1000题
- 2025年海南省三亚市吉阳区人民政府招聘12人高频重点提升(共500题)附带答案详解
- 《平面设计中的互动体验研究》
- 钢结构厂房拆除施工方案
- 生态停车场方案
- 脊髓疾病护理
- 江南大学《互换性原理与技术测量Ⅰ》2022-2023学年第一学期期末试卷
- DB13-T2330-2016滨海盐土盐地碱蓬种植技术规程
- 《公路桥涵施工技术规范》JTG-T3650-2020培训
- 2024年大学试题(教育学)-课程与教学论考试近5年真题集锦(频考类试题)带答案
- DB34T 1591-2012 茶树冻害气象指标
- 山东省淄博市周村区(五四制)2023-2024学年七年级下学期期中考试英语试题
评论
0/150
提交评论