Unit+3+The+world+of+Science拓展阅读素材 高中英语外研版必修第三册

专攻解题方法与技巧外研新教材必修第三册Unit3拓展阅读1AIHelpsPromoteMaterialScience【导读】众所周知，材料科学与我们的生活息息相关。人工智能和材料科学的结合，能给材料科学的研究带来怎样的变化？该文涉及的主题语境：“人与社会”——“科技发展与信息技术创新”。ArtificialIntelligence(AI)couldhelppromotethedevelopmentofmaterialscienceandacceleratetheinventionofnewmaterials,accordingtoChineseexperts.ManycoretechnologiesthatneedbreakthroughsinChinaarerelatedtothematerialscience,andAIcouldhelpintheseareas,ZhaoZhongxian,anacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS),whowonChina’stopscienceaward,saidatascienceforumopenedinDongguan,GuangdongProvince.Traditionalmethodsformaterialcompositionanalysisaretime-consuming（耗时的，旷日持久的）andexpensive.Ittakesanaverageof10yearsforalaboratorytodevelopnewmaterialsand20yearsformassproduction（批量生产，大规模生产）.WithAItechnology,thedevelopmentandapplicationcycleofnewmaterialsisexpectedtobeshortenedbymorethanhalf.WangWeihuafromtheInstituteofPhysicsunderCASsaidAIischangingthewaynewmaterialsarediscovered.Throughmachinelearningofmaterialdata,AIcouldoutperform（胜过）manymaterialscientistsandmakeamoreefficientpredictionofnewmaterials.ThefastdevelopmentofAIalsoneedssupportfromthematerialscience.Withemergingintelligentrobots,wearablemedicaldevicesandIoTsystems（物联网系统）,futuresmartsensorswillrequiregoodsensitivity,flexibility,andstability,whichputsnewdemandsonmaterials.AIandmaterialsciencearecloselyrelated,andmaterialresearchcouldofferasolutionforAI-relatedsensitivecomponents,Zhaosaid.2AmazingusesofVR语篇导读：

VR技术已经渐渐走入人们的生活，也慢慢地向不同的领域发展。让我们一起看看VR技术到底有哪些妙用吧！Virtualreality(VR)technologyholdsalotofpossibilitiestochangethefutureforanumberoffields,likemedicine,business,andsoon.Tohelpparaplegics(瘫患者)regaintheirabilitiesAyear-longstudydonebyDukeUniversitydiscoveredhugebenefitsofvirtualrealitytechnologyforparaplegics.PatientswearingVRheadsetstaskedtomovethroughaplaygroundasasoccerplayerwereabletoregainsomebrainfunctions(功能).Oftheeightpatientstested,eachregainedsomecontrolandfourweregettingbetterfromfullparaplegicstopartialparaplegics.Tohelpchildrenandteenswithautism(自闭症)developsocialskillsProfessorsattheUniversityofTexasinDallashavecreatedaprogramthatusesvirtualrealitytohelpchildrenwithautismdevelopsocialskills.Puttingkids,teensandyoungadultsinsocialsituations,theylearnhowtoactproperly.Bymonitoringbrainwaves,professorsnoticedincreasedactivityinareasconnectedtosocialunderstanding.TotestcarsafetyVRgivescarengineerstheabilitytotestthesafetyofcarsinavirtualsettingbeforeactuallyputtingthemintomarkets.Asidefromthebuildingprocess,largecarcompaniessuchasFord,VolvoandHyundaiusevirtualrealityinsalesaswellbyhavingcustomersuseaVRheadsettotestdrivecars.ToplanyournextvacationYou’llsoonbeableto

“trybeforeyoufly”

destinationsthroughvirtualreality.Travelerslookingtobooktheirnexttripcanobserve(观察)adestination,hotelorcitytoseewhatithastooffer.Forexample,peopleinaU.K.mallwereabletoexperienceahelicopterflightaroundNewYorkCity.TohelpinbusinessBusinessesarebeginningtouseVRinanumberofways:todecreasecosts,lessenbusinesstravel,givetours,andholdmeetings.BusinessesthathavedangerousproductsorareintheearlystagesareusingVRtotestsafetywithoutriskingthehealthofworkers.

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3Coolinventions一起来看看这些最新的高科技产品。BootsthatchargephoneYoujustsawawonderfulmovieandhavegottocallyourbestfriendtotalkaboutit.Butasyou’rewalkinghomefromthetheater,yourealizeyourcellphoneisdead.Soyouputitintoyourbootandwalkfaster.That’stheconcept(概念)behindtheOrangePowerWellies:bootsthatchargeyourphone.Yourfeetproduceheatasyouwalk.Thewarmeryourfeetandthecoldertheground,themorepoweryouproduce.Sokeepwalking—it’llkeepyouandyourphonegoing.River-cleaningboatItmayfloat,butthisisnotyourordinaryboat.Thetranslucent(半透明的)Physalia(justaconceptnow)isafloatingmuseumandresearchlab.Itstask:tomaketheplanetgreener.How?Asitmovesacrossadirtyriver,theriverwaterispumpedtoPhysalia’srooftopgarden.Plantsfilter(过滤)andpurify(净化)thewater,whichthenflowsbackintotheriver.Theboatpowersitself;solarpanelsontopgetenergyfromthesunwhilethemovingwaterunderneathischangedintoelectricity.Astheboat’sscientistsstudytheriver’secosystem,visitorsjumpaboardtoviewexhibitsandrelax.Penthatlistens

Don’tworryifyourhandcan’tkeepupwithyourearsinclass.Thisspecialpen,thePulse,hasyoucovered.Takenotesjustasyouwouldwitharegularpen.ButthePulseissmarterthanthat.Itnotonlyrecordstheentirelesson,butalsoknowsexactlywhensomethingwassaid.Soifyoujustwanttoreplayonepartofclass,simplytapyourpenonthatspotinyourhandwrittennotes,andthePulseplaysbacksoundfromtheexactmomentyoustartedtodaydreamaboutbreaks.Youwriteonspecialpaperfeaturingrecord,playback,andvolumebuttonsatthebottom.Thepaper,alongwithatinycameraputinthepen,helpsthePulseworkoutwhichaudiogoeswitheachpartofthewriting.ThePulseisonecleverclasscompanion.4Robotsplayinthefutureoffarming语篇导读：水果采摘器、除草机、无人机和机械服等高科技农业设备将助力未来农业的高效运作。Withthecomplexdatacollectingfacilitiesoftoday’sworld,agricultureisinahigh-techrevolution.Inthisagriculturalrevolution,thereareplentyofmind-blowinginventions.Herearefourdifferenttypesofroboticsindevelopmentoralreadyhardatworkinthefields.FruitPickersThetraditionalviewofrobotsisthatthey’recertainlynotsmartenoughtogentlypickastrawberry,right?However,that’sexactlywhatBelgiancompanyOctinion’sRubionrobotcando.TheRubionrobotusesaspecialsystemtodetectwhenastrawberryisripeandpicksitwithasoft3D-printedhand.Weed(杂草)PullersInafarmer’sperfectworld,therewouldbenoweeds.TheCalifornia-basedteam

FarmWisetrainedmachine-learningcamerasusingmillionsofimagessothattherobotcandifferentiatebetweencropsandweeds.Therobotistrainedtoidentifythecenterofeachcropsoitdoesn’tdisturbitsgrowthwhenitgoesintoweed.Drones(无人机)Dronesaren’texactlynewtofarming.Majorusesfordronesrightnowinclude3D-imaging,map-buildingandcrop-monitoring(监控).Wilmington,Delaware-basedCortevaAgriscience’sDroneDeployprogramsendsoutdronestodetectdiseasesofcrops.PrecisionHawk,adroneanddatacompany,notesthatitcantake11hourstosample(取样)anacreofcropsonfoot.Theypromise,“Withtheirbird’s-eyeviewandadvancedsensors,adronecangatherdataon500to1,000acresinlessthanaday.”FarmingExoskeletons(外骨骼)Farmersaresuperheroes,butthoseheroesaregettingolder.Theaverageageofafarmerisnow50to58yearsold,accordingtothe2012USDA(TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture)researchofagriculture.AteamofengineersatVirginiaTechisworkingonlightweight,easy-to-useexosuitsthateasepressureonafarmer’skneesandback.Thehopeisthatfarmerswillusethetechwhentheyare,say,intheir50s,sothattheycanagelesspainfullyintotheir60sandretire,explainsVirginiaTechengineerAlexanderLeonessa.5SchoolingAISummoningtheDemon?人工智能如何造福课堂？关键在于目的和手段。In2014,ElonMusk,founderofTeslaandSpaceX,said,

“Withartificialintelligence,wearesummoningthedemon(召唤恶魔).”Heandothershavebeencallingforincreasedcautionandregulation(管控)ofAItechnologydevelopmentintheUnitedStates.Inthemeantime,facialrecognitionandotherAIsystemshavequicklybecomewidespreadin

China.Totakeanexample,atmanylargetouristattractions,visitors’facesare

recognized

toautomatically(自动地)openagate.AItechnologyhasalsomadeitswayintoschools.Mostrecently,ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity(中国药科大学)inNanjing,Jiangsuprovince,ispiloting(试行)

afacialrecognitionsystemintwoclassrooms.Itissaidthatthesystemcantellifstudentsarelistening,counthowmanytimestheyraisetheirheads,orrecognizeiftheyareplayingontheirphonesorfallingasleep.Lastyearatahighschoolin

Hangzhou,anothersystemwasableto

identify

uptosevendifferentemotionsofstudentsbyanalyzingtheirfacialexpressions.Ifthesystemthinksthatastudentis

distracted,itwillremindtheteachertotakeaction.Noteveryoneagreesthatsuchprogramsareagoodidea.Infact,thesesystemsarestartingtobeusedeventhoughthereisn’tenoughdatayettotelliftheyareeffective.Ifclassroommanagementisreallysuchaburden,isfacialrecognitiontechthebestsolution?Canthesystema