高考英语复习备考：被动语态+讲义

高考英语复习备考:被动语态讲练被动语态01被动语态构成表英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。

看主语与谓语之间是被动关系还是主动关系，确定使用主动语态还是被动语态。常见的被动语态构成如下(以动词do为例)：02考点点拨

英语中有些动词不表示动作，而是表示某种状态或情况，通常不用于被动语态，如cost,fit,last,own,fail等。在主动语态中，hear,see,notice等感官动词和make,have,let等使役动词后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但在转换为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。某些感官动词加形容词可表被动意义，如：feel,look,smell,sound,taste等。某些不及物动词后加副词，也可表被动意义，如：lock,open,read,sell,cut等。含短语动词的被动语态，短语中的介词或副词不能丢掉。把直接宾语改为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前要加介词to/for。不及物动词和不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态，如：appear,die,fall,happen,comeout,takeplace等。03经典习题1.—Wow,yoursilkdresslookssobeautiful!Howmuchisit?

—Well,it

me$50.

A.costB.wascost

C.spentD.wasspent

2.—Sandywasmade

bysomeboys.

—Oh,sorrytohearthat.

A.cryB.tocryC.criedD.tocrying

3.—Theseorangeslookugly,butthey

verysweet.

—Ifso,I’dliketobuysome.

A.tastedB.weretastedC.tasteD.aretasted4.—Don’tyoulikethecar?It

sowell.

—Ilikeitalot,butIjustcan’taffordit.

A.sellsB.issoldC.soldD.wassold

5.Asisknowntoall,the2022WinterOlympics

inChina.A.tookplaceB.willtakeplaceC.weretakenplaceD.willbetakenplace

参考答案：ABCAB常见几种时态的被动语态01含情态动词的被动语态讲一讲含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)。如：Yourhomeworkshouldbefinishedbefore9pm.

Theplantneedn’tbewateredeveryday.

Musttheroombecleanedtwiceaday,Mom?Whencanmycomputerberepaired,Mr.Wang?表示被动意义的特殊结构：

1.read,ride,write,sell等作不及物动词时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。

2.look,smell,taste,feel,sound等表感觉的连系动词也常用主动形式表示被动意义。练一练一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.Manymoretreesshould

(plant)inthetown.

2.Mustthework

(finish)by6:30thisafternoon?

3.—HowoftendoIneedtofeedthedog?—Itmust

(give)foodthreetimesaday.4.Thestarscan

(see)clearlythisevening.

5.Tablescan

(make)ofstoneorwood.

二、把下列句子改为含有被动语态的句子。1.Weshouldcleanourteethtwiceaday.2.Youmusthandinyourhomeworkbeforeclass.3.Youcanhangtheseoldpicturesinthelivingroom.4.Studentscankeepthedictionariesforthreeweeks.5.Weshouldmakesomerulestostopthekidsfromthrowingrubbish.

参考答案：一、1.beplanted

2.befinished

3.begiven

4.beseen

5.bemade二、1.Ourteethshouldbecleanedtwiceaday.

2.Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinbeforeclass.

3.Theseoldpicturescanbehunginthelivingroom.

4.Thedictionariescanbekeptforthreeweeksbystudents.5.Somerulesshouldbemadetostopthekidsfromthrowingrubbish.

02

一般现在时的被动语态讲一讲英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。▲一般现在时的被动语态结构为is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)，句中常含有often,usually,everyday等时间状语。▲在将主动语态变为被动语态时，可参考以下例句：Jenny①

cleans②

theroom③

everyday.

→Theroom③

iscleaned②

by

Jenny①

everyday.把主动句中的宾语③变为被动句中的主语；把主动句中的谓语动词②(cleans)变为被动句中的谓语(iscleaned)。be的形式根据被动句中主语的人称和数以及原主动句中动词的时态来确定。把主动句中的主语①放在介词by之后作宾语。主语若是代词，将主格改为宾格。在无须说明动作的执行者或需强调动作的承受者时，by短语可以省略。如：PeoplegrowriceinthesouthofChina.→RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.练一练把下列句子改为含有被动语态的句子。

1.Somebigboysoftenlaughatthelittlegirl.2.AlotofpeoplespeakChinesearoundtheworld.3.MillionsofpeopleenjoytheGreatWall.4.Mygrandpawaterstheseflowerseverymorning.5.EveryoneconsidersDoratobethebeststudentintheclass.6.PeopleusechopsticksforeatingnoodlesinChina.7.Thestudentsalwayskeeptheclassroomclean.

参考答案：1.Thelittlegirlisoftenlaughedatbysomebigboys.

2.Chineseisspokenbyalotofpeoplearoundtheworld.

3.TheGreatWallisenjoyedbymillionsofpeople.

4.Theseflowersarewateredbymygrandpaeverymorning.

5.Doraisconsideredtobethebeststudentintheclass.

6.ChopsticksareusedforeatingnoodlesinChina.

7.Theclassroomisalwayskeptcleanbythestudents.

03

一般过去时的被动语态讲一讲一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)。如：ThreetreeswerewateredbyAlanyesterday.将主动语态变为被动语态时，需注意以下几点：有些动词如tell,give,send,lend,show,teach等后接双宾语，变为被动语态时，将间接宾语提前变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语不动；如果将直接宾语提前，则需要在间接宾语前加上to或for。如：MarygaveMissLinabunchofflowers.

→MissLinwasgivenabunchofflowersbyMary.→AbunchofflowerswasgiventoMissLinbyMary.

若动词后跟省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动语态时应加上to。如：Wesawastrangerwalkintotheteacher’soffice.

→Astrangerwasseentowalkintotheteacher’soffice.“动词+介词/副词”构成的短语动词，在变为被动语态时，需要保留后面的介词或副词。如：

Thelittlegirltookgoodcareofhersickgrandma.

→Thelittlegirl’ssickgrandmawastakengoodcareofbyher.练一练把下列句子改为含有被动语态的句子。

1.Alicesentmeapostcardlastweek.2.MomaskedJacknottospendtoomuchtimeoncomputergames.

3.Theworkersbuilttheteachingbuildingsixyearsago.4.Allthestudentstalkedabouttheprojectearlierthismorning.

5.WeheardLiuFengreadEnglishbooksunderthetree.

参考答案：

1.IwassentapostcardbyAlicelastweek./ApostcardwassenttomebyAlicelastweek.2.Jackwasas