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SongLiterature:CipoetryAlsocalledlyricsong,lyricmeter;writtenforperformancefirstappearedinthelaterTang,probablyinthe8thcentury,becamepopularintheSong;oftenreflecteddailylifeintheSong“BathingBabies,”Anonymous,Song,onsilkfan,FreerMuseum,USASongLiterature:CipoetryAlsoInChinese,onedoesnotspeakof"writing"cibutof"fillingin"ci;thatis,"fillinginlyrics"toaknownmelody.Lyricsareidentifiedbythetitleofthetuneprefacedwith"to”,e.g.,“Tothetuneof‘WashingCreekSand’.”

Right:“EighteenScholars(intheTang),”anonymous,Song,NationalPalaceMuseum,Taipei,Taiwan

InChinese,onedoesnotspeakCiPoetry:Characteristicslyricsongsbeforethe11thcenturyAuthoredbymenbutperformedbyhiredwomensingersatpartiesAsituationofmenwritingwords,ofteninthevoicesofwomen,tobesungbacktothem.treatedeventsintheirdailylives,oftenemotional“EntertainingKidswiththeatricalperformance”bySuHanchen,SongCiPoetry:CharacteristicslyriNature:Apoetryofelegance,languorandsentimentality--regardedasthemostrefinedofallChineseliteraryforms,theonlyonecapableofarticulatingmelancholyandacertainkindoferotica.Songauthorsbroadenedthecontentofci,usingittonarrateevents

in

contemporary

urban

lifeStructure:has"tunepatterns,"amatrixcontainingasetnumberoflinesofgivenlength,rhymesinfixedpositions,andtonalrequirementsatcertainpositionsineachlinesLinesofvaryinglength:tofittheirregular,melodicpatternNature:Structure:FamousCiPoetsbeforetheSongWenTingyun(812-872)ProbablythebestofthecipoetsintheTang,whoinspiredmanySongciwriters.WeiZhuang(836-910)ProbablythebestcipoetintheendoftheTangdynastyFamousCiPoetsbeforetheSonExamplesoftunepatterns“TheMoonovertheWestRiver”(西江月xījiāngyuè)“Wind

through

Pines”

(風入松fēngrùsōng)“Deva-likeBarbarian”(BodhisattvaBarbarian)

(菩薩蠻púsàmán)“Telling

the

Inner

Most

Feelings”

(訴衷情sùzhōngqíng)“Song

of

Picking

Mulberry”

(採桑子căisāngzi)“Joy

of

Eternal

Union”

(永遇樂yǒngyùlè)

“DreamingoftheSouth”

(望江南wàngjiāngnán)“Lotus-leafCup”

(荷葉杯héyèbēi)Examplesoftunepatterns“TheTo

the

Tune

“West

of

the

Little

Market”

by

LiuYongI’m

thinking

of

someoneSweet

face,

just

sixteenBorn

beautiful—She

has

got

to

be

a

minx.Where

she

is

most

remarkableIs

when

she

laughs

and

her

dimples

show.She

has

a

hundred

ways

and

a

thousand

charms,And

the

more

you

embrace

herThe

more

sweet

and

slippery

she

getsTotheTune“WestoftheLittlTo

the

Tune

“West

of

the

Little

Market”

by

LiuYong(Con’t)I’ve

neglected

her

a

long

time.Last

night

in

a

dreamWe

made

loveLike

old

times.Then

just

when

I

was

happyThe

cock

next

door

woke

me

up.Everything

was

quietBut

I

could

not

get

back

to

sleep;The

setting

moon

outside

my

window

was

wasted.TotheTune“WestoftheLittlByWangShen,Song“WomenandMorningMirror”OnsilkWoman

poet:

Li

Qingzhao(ca.1084?-1151)

The

greatest

woman

poet

of

Song

times

and

perhaps

in

all

of

Chinese

historyNot

only

a

poet,

but

also

an

erudite

scholar,

connoisseur,

bibliophile,collector

of

antiques,…Herpoemsarecharacterizedbytheuseofonomatopoeticexpressions.

ByWangShen,SongWomanpoet:TotheTuneof“Every

SoundSlowly”

byLiQingzhaoSearch.Search.Seek.Seek.Cold.Cold.Clear.Clear.Sorrow.Sorrow.Pain.Pain.Pity.Pity.Timesofhotflashesandsuddenchills.It’shardtocometorest.Threecups,twobowlsoftastelesswine,Howshouldhelateburstinlikeagustofwind?Wildgeesefly,wrenchingmyheart.Really,fromolddaysweknoweachother.TotheTuneof“Every

SoundSlLiQingzhao

(con’t)Goldenflowerspileupontheground,Faded,dead.Whowouldpickthemnow?Allalone,waitingatmywindow,Howdoesitbecomedark?Thewutongtreeblenddrizzlingrain.Untilduskfalls.Drip.Drip.Drop.Drop.Thiscondition,canthemerewordmelancholysuffice?LiQingzhao

(con’t)GoldenflowTothetuneof“Deva-likeBarbarian”Blossombright,themoondark,shadowedinthinmist,Tonight’sjustrightformakingmywaytoyou---Instockingfeetshegoesoutbythescentedstairs,Holdinginherhandhergold-threadedslippersOnthesouthsideofthepaintedhallsheseeshim,Clingstohimforatime,trembling---It’ssohardformetoslipaway,[tonight]youmaylovemeanywayyouplease!Tothetuneof“Deva-likeBarbSuShi(SuDongpo,1037-1101)ThebestoftheSongcipoetsBroughtcitoagreatheightandnewfrontierStyleisgenerallymasculineMostwidelyread:“SongofRiverCity,”“PreludetoWaterMusic,”“ImmortalattheRiver”“VillagePhysician,”byLiTang,SouthernSong,onsilk,NationalPalaceMusuem,Taipei,TaiwanSuShi(SuDongpo,1037-1101)“V

“PreludetoWaterMusic”(水調頭歌)bySuShi(OnMid-autumnnightoftheyearbingchen(1076),Idrankmerrilyuntildawn,gotverydrunkandwrotethispoem,allthewhilethinkinglonginglyofZiyou.)Brightmoon,whendidyouappear?Liftingmywine,Iquestionthebluesky.TonightinthepalacesandhallsofheavenWhatyearisit,Iwonder?Iwouldliketoridethemoon,makemyhomethere,OnlyIfearinporphyrytowers,underjadeeaves,InthosehighplacesthecoldwouldbemorethanIcouldbear.SoIriseanddanceandplaywithyourpurebeams,Thoughthishumanworld—howcanitcomparewithyours?明月幾時有？把酒問青天。不知天上宮闕，今夕是何年？我欲乘風歸去，又恐瓊樓玉宇，高處不勝寒。起舞弄清影，何似在人間?“PreludetoWaterMusic”(水調頭CirclingmyredchamberLowinthecurtaineddoorYoulightmysleeplessness*Surelyyoubearusnoillwill—Whythenmustyoubesoroundattimeswhenwehumansareparted?Peoplehavetheirgrievesandjoys,theirjoiningsandseparations,themoonitsdarkandcleartimes,itsroundingsandwaning.Aseverinsuchmatters,thingsarehardlythewaywewish.Ionlyhopewemayhavelonglonglives,Maysharethemoon’sbeauty,thoughathousandmilesapart.轉朱閣，低綺戶，照無眠。不應有恨，何事長向別時圓？人有悲歡離合，月有陰晴圓缺，此事古難全。但願人長久，千里共長嬋娟。

Circlingmyredchamber轉朱閣，LuYou(1125-1210)MostprolificpoetinChinesehistory;leftbehindnearlytenthousandpoemsinhiscollectionNotedforhispassionatepatriotism“PhoenixHairpin”XinQiji(1140-1207)MostprolificSongauthoroflyrics;626surviveLyricsshowpassionandadvocacyofpatriotismTendedtodivorcethemetricalpatternsofthegenrefromtheirearliermusicalbackground“UglyRouge”LuYou(1125-1210)“PureSereneMusic”byLiQingzhaoYearafteryearinthesnowAlwayswe’dpickplumblossoms,drunkaswewere,Shatteringeverycluster—whatdidwecare?---Andtheircleartearsfellalloverourclothes.Thisyearbysea’sbend,sky’sboarder,Lonely,lonely,grayinvadingbothtemples,Iwatch,aseveningcomes,thewindrisingAndknowthatI‘llbehardputtodiscoverasingleblossom清平樂

年年雪裏，常插梅花醉，採盡梅花無意，贏得滿衣清淚！

今年海角天涯，蕭蕭兩鬢生華。看取晚來風勢，故應難看梅花。“PureSereneMusic”byLiQingWomenintheSongliteracyincreasedinfemalepopulationWomenhadmoreopportunitiestoreceiveeducationEducatedwomenbecame“writingwomen”WomenjoinedmercantilecirclesWomenbecameactivebusinesspeople“BodhisattvaGuanyin”b