国际工程英语（常用）

PAGE3PAGE国际工程常用英汉词汇汇编一、基础词汇access交通agreement同意、协议allocation分配、配置approval同意、批准arbitration仲裁AsiaDevelopmentBank亚洲开发银行assistant助理、助手authorize(delegate)授权、委托BillofQuantities(BOQ)工程量表civilworks土建工程claim索赔comment评论、意见commercialmanager商务经理conditionsofcontract合同条件generalconditions通用条件conditionsofparticularapplication专用条件specialconditionsofcontract特别条件ConditionsofcontractforWorksofCivilEngineeringConstruction土木工程施工合同条件constructionmanagement施工管理consultant顾问contractagreement合同协议Contractor承包商cooperation合作coordination协作cost费用costcontrol成本控制counterclaim反索赔demobilization退场department部门Designer设计者drawing图纸shopdrawing车间图designdrawing设计图as-builtdrawing竣工图bluedrawing蓝图transparentdrawing透明图constructiondrawing施工图electricworks电气工程Employer(Client/Owner)业主Engineer工程师Engineer'srepresentative工程师代表engineeringproject工程项目internationalproject国际工程overseasproject海外工程domesticproject国内工程equipment设备expatriate外籍职员expert专家export出口FederationofCivilEngineeringContractor土木工程承包商联合会formal正式的hydromechanicalworks金结工程import进口inchargeof负责、主管informal非正式的InstitutionofCivilEngineers(ICE)土木工程师协会instrument仪器、器械insurance保险labour劳务layout布置leadingcompany(sponsor)牵头公司、责任公司liability(responsibility/obligation)责任、义务lumpsump总包machinery机械manpower(humanresource)人力资源Manufacturer制造商material材料measure办法、措施takeeffectivemeasures采取有效措施measurement测量、计量memorandum备忘录mobilization进场objection反对payment支付plant设备pointofview(opinion)观点、意见prequalification资格预审procurement采购profit利润progresscontrol进度控制projectmanager项目经理qualitycontrol质量控制request(application)申请、请求review审查risk风险riverclosure截流riverdiversion导流safety安全signature签名site工地、现场siteengineer现场工程师specification规格、规范staff职员Subcontractor分包商submission提交supervise监督、监视Supplier供货商theInternationalChamberofCommerce国际商会unitprice单价variation(change)变更WorldBank世界银行二、工程施工类（一）工程施工-土建类◆开挖与支护（ExcavationandSupport)明挖（OpenExcavation)benchexcavation台阶开挖concreteexcavation砼开挖faultexcavation断层开挖foundationexcavation基础开挖localexcavation局部开挖mass(bulk)excavation大面积开挖protectivelayerexcavation保护层开挖rockexcavation岩石开挖slopeexcavation边坡开挖softgroundexcavation软基开挖soilexcavation土方开挖structuralexcavation结构开挖toothexcavation齿槽开挖unclassifiedmaterialexcavation不分类料开挖coefficientofnonuniformity开挖不均匀系数cutofftrench截水槽dewatering(drainage)排水excavationpit开挖基坑intensityofexcavation开挖强度overexcavate(overbreak)超挖pumpsump水泵坑Underexcavate(underbreak)欠挖underbreaktreatment欠挖处理洞挖及地下开挖（TunnelandUndergroundExcavation)aroundofexcavation一个开挖循环adit支洞advance进尺advancesdepth进尺深度breakinghole崩落孔cushionhole缓冲孔drift掏槽bottomdrift底部掏槽centerdrift中心掏槽sidedrift边部掏槽topdrift顶部掏槽drilling钻孔driving(progress)rate进尺率easer掏槽孔erectingsupportsfortheroofandsidewall对顶拱及边墙进行支护fullfaceexcavation全断面开挖headingandbenchexcavation导流与台阶开挖loadingandhaulingmuck(mucking)装拉渣loading(charging)装药perimeterhole周边孔pilottunnel导洞removingdust除尘removinggroundwater清除地面积水shootingtheexplosive(blasting)放炮topheadingexcavation上导洞开挖ventilation通风钻孔爆破(DrillingandBlasting)abandonedhole废孔averageholedepth平均孔深averagequantityusedinunitvolumeblasted平均单耗blastingresult爆破结果blockness块度controlledperimeterblasting周边控制爆破dataofexplosivefilled装药参数dataofholesdrilled钻孔参数delayedblasting延时爆破exploratoryhole探孔explosivequantity药量explosivequantityinasound单响药量handlingmisfire处理哑炮lightcharge少量装药looseningblasting松动爆破pattern布孔方式distancebetweenholes孔距distancebetweenrows排距postshearingblasting微差爆破presplitingblasting预裂爆破quantityofholes孔数smoothblasting光面爆破延时支护(rocksupport)expansionshellrockbolt胀壳式张拉锚杆featurerockanchor随机锚索featurerockbolt随机张拉锚杆featurerockdowel随机砂浆锚杆featurerockreinforcement随机加固latticegirder钢桁架、格构大梁patterncementgroutedrockdowel系统水泥浆锚杆patternresingroutedrockdowel系统树脂浆锚杆patternrockdowel系统砂浆锚杆patternrockreinforcement系统加固permanentrocksupport永久支护post-tensionedcementgroutedtendonrockanchor后张拉水泥浆锚索reboundmaterial回弹料returnrockbolt回头张拉锚杆returnrockreinforcement回头加固shotcreteanchorage喷锚shotcretewithwiremesh挂网喷砼steelfabricshotcrete钢纤维喷砼steelrib钢拱架temporaryrocksupport临时支护tensionedresingroutedrockbolt树脂张拉锚杆◆土石料的填筑及碾压施工工序（WorkingSequence)backfill回填blend混合compact碾压controlledsprinkling控制洒水cuttheslope削坡dump卸料exploit开采level整平load装料moisturecondition水分调节placeandspread摊铺remove清除replace重新回填retreat(dotheworkagain)返工scarify翻松、刨毛screenandwash筛分和冲洗takeasample取样test测试transport运输treat处理trim修整缺陷（Defects）calciumparticles姜石contaminatedmaterial受污染料declinationoftheboundary料界偏差dry干燥lackofcompaction漏压lumpsump结块muddy泥泞oversizematerial超粒径材料pocket囊穴seepage渗流separation分离sheararea剪力区lens透镜体其它（Others)bondingsurface结合面byproduct副产品controllingparameter控制参数fillplacementrecord填筑记录frogarea蛙夯区requiredembankment必要填方subzone分区◆混凝土（Concrete）air-entrainedconcrete(aeratedconcrete)加气砼asphaltconcrete沥青砼blindingconcrete垫层砼cast-insitu(site/place)concrete现浇砼plasticconcrete塑料砼fibrousconcrete纤维砼firststageconcrete一期砼foamedconcrete泡沫砼high-performanceconcrete高性能砼high-strengthconcrete高强砼intrusionconcrete压浆砼leanconcrete(poorconcrete)贫砼lightweightaggregateconcrete轻骨料砼massconcrete大体积砼non-finesconcrete无砂砼non-plasticconcrete干硬性砼non-shrinkageconcrete无收缩砼normalconcrete常态砼plainconcrete素砼porousconcrete多孔砼prestressedconcrete预应力砼pumpconcrete泵送砼reinforcedconcrete钢筋砼rollercompactedconcrete(rollcrete)碾压砼secondstageconcrete二期砼作业（Activity）clearance(clearing)清理concretepouring(placement/casting)砼浇筑curing养护Membrancecuring薄膜养护moistcuring湿润养护normalcuring标准养护steamcuring蒸汽养护repairing修理Scabbling(chiping/roughening)凿毛greencutting冲毛surfacefinishing收面vibrating振捣缺陷（Defects）bughole(pittedsurface)麻面cavity狗洞coldjoint冷缝crack裂缝deformation变形depression坑洼fire-damagedconcrete火损砼formworkshifting(moving)跑模groutleakage漏浆（挂帘）honeycomb蜂窝incompletevibration不完全振捣、漏振irregularity不规则segregation(bleeding)离析stair(staggeredjoint)错台tierodhole拉杆孔waterleakage漏水waterseepage渗水外加剂（Admixture）accelerator速凝剂air-entrainingagent引气剂bloating(bulking/expansion)agent膨胀剂coringadmixture着色剂early-strengthadmixture早强剂gas-formingadmixture发气剂（起泡剂）fluidizer塑化剂retardingagent缓凝剂set-controllingadmixture调凝剂super-plasticizer增塑剂、高效减水剂surface-activeagent表面活性剂water-reducingagent减水剂acceleratingwaterreducer速凝型减水剂retardingwaterreducer缓凝型减水剂waterproofagent防水剂指标（Indexes）compressivestrength抗压强度compressivestress压应力concreteclass砼等级finalstrength终凝强度graduation级配graduationcurve级配曲线impermeability抗渗性initialsettingstrength初凝强度mixdesign配比设计resistancetofreezingandthawing抗冻融性shearstrength抗剪强度slump坍落度specificweight/gravity比重stabilityagainstsliding抗滑稳定性strain应变surfacefinish表面平整度tensilestrength抗拉强度tensilestress拉应力thermalstress温度应力water-cementratio水灰比workingstress工作应力其他（Others）acceptance验收age龄期aggregate骨料fineaggregate细骨料coarseaggregate粗骨料airpocket气囊airtightness气密性alternative替代物、替换方法apply应用、施加bendingmoment弯矩block仓号bindingstrength黏结强度calibration标定cementanchor锚固卷concreteplug砼塞concreteprecastelement砼预制件concretereleasesheet发料单 上面已看！constructionjoint施工缝contamination/pollution污染conversion(reconstruction)改建coverage覆盖范围curingagent养护剂deliverysheet运料单directdischarge直接入仓elevation高程、正视图epoxymortarapplication还氧砂浆抹面existing现有（存）的expansionjoint伸缩缝facilitate使容易（便利）gabion纤丝笼humidity湿度identity识别、标记ingredient成分、配料inspection检查、验收preliminaryinspection初验finalinspection终验appearanceinspection外观检查intact完整的、未被触动的inter-towerjoint塔间缝introduceinto将……穿入isolate隔离laitance浮浆皮layer(lift)height层高meetdesignrequirement满足设计要求momentofinertia惯性距Pocket(boxout/presethole)预留孔post-cooling后冷却posttensioning后张拉pre-cooling预冷却pre-stressing预应力pre-tensioning先张拉pull-offtest扒拉试验reinforcementcover钢筋保护层remark备注sectionarea截面面积shearkey抗剪键keygroove键槽shotcretedry-mixprocess干喷砼生产shotcretewet-mixprocess湿喷砼生产simplify简化simultaneously同时地spacer水泥垫块spacing间距stressconcentration应力集中symmetry对称technicaldata技术参数temperaturecontrol温度控制temperaturedifference温差temperaturerise(gain)温度升高theoreticalelongation理论延长量unloading卸载waterstop止水PVCwaterstopPVC止水rubberwaterstop橡皮止水copperwaterstop铜止水watertightness闭水性winterprotection冬季保温◆模板（Formwok/Shutteringform)erecting(settingup/fixing)formwork立模Stripping(removing/dismantling)formwork拆模bondbreaker脱模剂climbingcone爬升锥dambracket大坝支架distancepiece横支撑double-curvatureformwork双曲模板flatformwork平面模板formworkoil模板油pigtailanchor猪尾筋retractableformwork进退式模板shearkeybox键槽盒slidingformwork滑模steelformcarrier钢模台车steelformwork钢模steelwaling钢围令、钢支撑stopend堵头、封堵模板temporaryformwork临时模板tierod(formtie)拉杆tiltableformwork倾斜式模板vaultandinvertformwork顶拱及底拱模板woodformwork木模◆钢筋（ReinforcementRebar）distributionbar分布筋dowel插筋horizontalbar水平筋laplength搭接长度mainstressbar主应力筋overlap搭接shearbar剪力筋splicewelding绑条焊接starterbar起始筋、苗子锦stirrup箍筋supportbar架立筋verticalbar竖直筋◆灌浆（Grouting）backfillgrouting回填灌浆consolidationgrouting固结灌浆contactgrouting接触灌浆curtaingrouting帷幕灌浆gapgrouting接缝灌浆gravitygrouting自重灌浆jetgrouting旋喷灌浆multi-stagegrouting多次灌浆pressuregrouting压力灌浆ringgrouting环行灌浆single-stagegrouting一次灌浆工艺过程（Activity）airtest通风试验backfillingofhole封孔flushingtest通水试验jointwashing洗缝seal密封soak浸泡waterpressuretest压水试验管路及组件（CircuitandElements）airsupply风包arisingpipe升降管circuit回路clamp卡子cock旋塞coil蛇形管cylinder缸套doublenipple对丝连接套expansioncoupling伸缩节female-quickcoupling内丝快接头fixedclamp死卡flowratemeter测量计galvanizedelbow镀锌弯头groutcap灌浆帽groutcell出浆盒groutstopplate止浆片groutvalve灌浆阀inletpipe进浆管largeradiuselbow大弧弯头mainpipe总管male-quickcoupling外丝快接头outletpipe出浆管packer灌浆塞piston活塞plug堵头reducersocket变径管套returnpipe回浆管teepiece三通管reduceteepiece变径三通管swivel-clamp转卡U-bendU弯头union活接头ventilationpipe排气管watersupply水包参数及指标（ParameterandIndexes）consistency稠度fineness细度grouttake吃浆量hightake吃浆量大groutingpressure灌浆压力leakagerate漏水率Lugeon吕容mixproportion浆比pumpingrate泵浆率refusalcriteria排浆标准refusaltime抽浆时间wateraborptin吸水率仪器设备（PlantandInstrument）agitator搅拌站automaticrecorder自动记录仪chillerplant(coolingplant)制冷站displancementpoint位移点electronicgroutflowmeter电子流量计extensometer变位计flowtransmitter流量传感器foundationdisplacementindicator基础位移指示器groutpump灌浆泵hydrometer比重计jointmeter测缝计mixingplant制浆站monitor监测器osmometer渗压计pendulum钟摆portableinstrument便携式仪器pressuregauge压力表pressuresensor压力传感器reinforcementmeter钢筋计steelbasin搅拌槽strainmeter应变计temperaturesensor温度传感器terminalstation集线站其他（Others）checkhole检查孔compartment灌区densemix浓浆foundationuplift基础隆起grouthole灌浆孔instrumenthole仪器孔primary/secondaryandtertiarygroutholes一序、二序、三序灌浆孔spiltspacing加密灌浆孔距wastemix弃浆测量（Survey）测量方法及术语（MethodsandTerms）adjust校正、调整adjustment平差allowance容许误差backsightpoint后视点basicpoint基础点benchmark水准点compass罗盘chainage(stationnumber)桩号chainoftriangulation三角锁check校核、对照controlpoint控制点coordinatepoint坐标点datum基础面datumpoint基准点deviation偏差easilyidentifiablepoint容易识别点error误差firstordertriangulation一等三角测量geodetic大地测量学的geodeticsurveying大地测量jointsurvey联合测量knownpoint已知点levelsurface水准面localtriangulationnetworks局部三角网nationalcoordinationsystem国家坐标网observe观测、监视pointtobelocated待定点position定位、位置reconnaissance选点、踏勘referencepoint参考点secondordertriangulation二等三角测量setout放线、放样stake-line测桩线stateplanecoordinatesystem国家平面坐标系surveypoint测点theoreticalpoint理论点traverse(polygon)导线（测量）、横断erroroftraverse导线闭合差latticetraverse网格状导线longsidetraverse长导线opentraverse非闭合导线shortsidetraverse短导线traverseclosure导线闭合traversestation导线点traversesurvey导线测量triangulation三角测量triangulationnetwork三角网triangulationofhighorder高等级三角网triangulationpoint三角点trilateration三边测量vertical-controlnet高程控制网woodpile木桩角度测量（AngularMeasure）azimuth方位角bearing方位、象限角buddle气泡、水准器circle度盘、圆盘circularbubble圆水准器collimationaxis视准轴cross-line(cross-hair)十字丝depressionangle俯角elevationangle仰角eyepiece(ocular)目镜fieldpole(staff)标杆foot-screw脚螺栓horizontalangle水平角mark标志（明）objectivelens物镜plumb(plummet)铅垂、垂线sight瞄准、观测target目标、瞄准theodolite经纬仪tranverseaxis横轴tripod三脚架verticalangle竖直角verticalaxis竖轴望远镜（Telescope）centering对中faceleft盘左faceright盘右focus集中、焦点focusing调焦indexerror指标误差invertedpositionoftelescope(reversetelescope)倒镜、盘右normalpositionoftelescope(directtelescope)正镜、盘右opticalplummet光学垂准器round测回set套、组station测站距离测量（DistanceMeasure）barometer气压计baseline(basicline/datumline)基线battery电池EDM(electromagneticdistancemeasurement)电磁波测距filter滤光片、滤波器laseralignmentsystem激光准直系统laserbeam激光束prism棱镜range测程、距离longrange远程mediumrange中程shortrange短程rangefinder测距仪signal信号springbalance弹簧称tape卷尺invartape铟瓦钢卷尺高程测量（HeightMeasurement）altitude/elevation高程、海拔approximateleveling近似置平、粗平automaticlevel自动定平水准仪differenceinaltitude(differenceofelevation,heightdifference)高差errorofclosureinleveling水准闭合差exactleveling精平、确置平level水准仪（测点）levelcircuit水准闭合环levelshoe水准尺垫lineoflevel水准线路nationalgeodeticverticaldatum国家大地高程基准面reducedlevel归化高差runback返测runout往测three-wireleveling三丝法水准测量地形测量（TopographicSurvey）boundary边界、界线constructionstake施工标桩contour等高线contourinterval等高距contouring绘等高线contour-lengthmethod等高线延长法contourline等高线controlnetwork控制网detail细部、详图draw绘图field外业fix固定、确定formline地形图grid格网information注记、资料、情报marginalinformation轮廓注记large-scale大比例尺的latitude纬度、范围latitudecircle纬圈latitudeline纬线legend图例location定线、定位longitude经度longitudeline经线map地图、制图mapping制图、测图、地质素描matchline拼接线monument标石、石柱object地物、目标plan平面图、略图plot绘图profile断面（图）、纵剖图record记录、资料setup定置仪器sitelocation定位stakeout放样、定线、立桩symbol符号、记号topographicdetail地形细部topographicmap地形图◆原形观测观测仪器和设施{InstrumentationandFacilities）air-entrainingmeter掺气剂Carlson-typepiezometer卡尔逊式渗压计concretestrainmeter砼应变计convergentpoint收敛测点directplumbline正垂线earthpressurecell土压力盒embankmentpiezometer坝体渗压计embankmentstrainmeter堤应变计extendedwire引张线foundationpiezometer基础渗压计horizontalinclinometer水平测斜仪hydraulicinstrument水力学仪器hydrophone水听器inclinometercasing测斜管interfacejointmeter界面变位计invertedplumbline倒垂线micropiezometer微压计multiplepositionextensometer多点位移计observationpoint观测标点observationwell观测井opticalalignmentline视准线platestrainmeter钢板计pneumaticpiezometer气压式渗压计pressurefluctuationmeter脉动压力计prestressedtendonanchoragedynamometer预应力锚索测力计rockboltextensometer锚杆测力计singlepointextensometer单点位移计spiralsensor测扭仪standpipe测压管strong-motionseismogragh强震仪surfacemonument表面标点temperaturesensor温度传感器terminalhouse终端房terminalstation终端站tiltmeter倾角计timeaveragepressurecell时均压力计totalpressurecell总压力盒velometer流速计verticalinclinometer垂直测斜仪vibratingwirepiezometer震旋式渗压计vibratingwiresettlementsensor振旋式沉降仪weirwithmicropiezometer带微压计的量水堰workingbasepoint工作基点zerostress-strainmeter砼无应力计附件及配件（AcessoriesandSpareParts）coil盘绕component零部件coordinator坐标仪dampingbox阻尼角differentialresistance差动电阻doublelayerrubbersleeve双层保护forcedcenteringplate强制对中盘instrumentlead仪器电缆invarwire铟瓦丝metalring金属环plumbcoordinatemeter垂线坐标仪pulley滑轮regulator调节器riser立管sensor传感器spool绕轴steelsocket钢底座tablet药片tensioningweight张拉重锤thermistor热敏电阻tip测头安装过程（ProcessionofInstallation）assemble组装couple连接embed埋设install安装insulate绝缘maintenance维护monitor监测protectionofinstrumentation仪器保护reduce归纳seal密封splice拼接supply提供test测试资料（Information）assembleschematic装配简图certificate合格证书description使用说明书maintenaceguideline维护指南manual说明书operatingprinciple工作原理operatingrestraint操作范围procedure程序troubleshootingprocedure鼓掌分析程序其他（Others）annularspace环行空间dataacquisition数据采集datarecording数据记录leasdrillinghole引线孔permanentrecord永久记录readoutdevice读数设备saturated饱和的seepageisolationdike截渗堤trapezoidal梯形◆水工常规试验砼原材料试验（TestofRawandProcessedMaterialofConcrete）骨料（Aggregate）abrasionvolumebyLosAngelesrattler洛杉机磨耗量accumulatedretainedpercentage累计筛余百分率acicularandflakygraininaggregate针状与片状颗粒含量alkali-aggregatereaction碱骨料反应apparentdensity视密度bulkdensity(unityweight)容重claylumpsandfriableparticlesinaggregate黏土块及易碎颗粒含量coefficientofsoftening软化系数crushindex压碎指标drystate干燥状态exceedingandinferiorgraininaggregate超逊径颗粒含量finenessmodulus细度模数gapingplacerate空隙率graderretainedpercentage分计筛余百分率graincomposition颗粒级配grainsize粒径lightweightmatterinaggregate轻物质含量micacontent云母含量moisturecontent(waterrate)含水率mudcontent含泥量organiccontent有机质含量potentialreactivityofaggregate骨料潜在活性saturation饱和的sievingcurve筛分曲线softgraininaggregate软弱骨料含量soundness坚固性surfacemoisturecontent表面含水率water-solublesulphide水溶性硫化物水硬性胶凝材料(Hydraulicitycementitiousmaterial)age龄期cementmark(strengthofcement/cementgrade)水泥标号consumptiveuseofwaternormalconsistance标准稠度用水量degreeofmobilization流动性dissolutionheat(solutionheat)溶解热finalset终凝flexuralstrength抗弯强度flyash粉煤灰hydrationheat水化热initialset初凝lossonignition(ignitionloss)烧矢量settingtime凝结时间silicafume硅粉soundness水泥的安定性specificsurfacearea比表面积specificheat比热waterdemandratio吸水量比外加剂（Admixture）bubblestability泡沫稳定性bubblingability起泡能力chloridecontent氯化物含量compressivestrengthrate抗压强度比contractwithdryrate干缩率dispersingcoefficient分散系数dispersingabilityofwater-reducingagent减水剂分散能力lossofslump塌落度损失sulphatecontent硫酸盐含量solidcontent固体含量surfacetension表面张力water-reducingrate减水率水（Water）alkalinity碱度calcion钙离子carbonicacid钙酸chlorion氯离子equivalentconcentration当量浓度oxygenconsumption耗氧量normalsolution(standardsolution)标准溶液PHvaluePH值wateranalysis水值分析砼（Concrete）砼拌和物（Mixture）assurancestrengthofconcrete砼保证强度bleedingrate泌水率cement-sandration灰砂比designstrengthofconcrete砼设计标号flowabilityofconcrete砼的流动性mixproportion(proportionofmixture)砼配合比mixtureuniformity拌和物的均匀性penetration-obstructionmethod贯入阻力法probabilityofensuringstrengthofconcrete砼强度保证率sandrate砂率unitconsumptionofwater单位用水量waterretention(waterretentiveness)保水性water-cementratio水灰比硬化砼（Hardenedconcrete）axialtensilestrength轴向抗拉强度coefficientofthermalconductivity导热系数coolingrate冷却率coreofconcrete砼芯样creepdeformation(timedeformation)徐变变形formcoefficient(formfactor)形状系数freezing-meltingcirculation冻融循环frost-resistancemark抗冻标号heatpropertyofconcrete砼热学性能height-diameterration高径比linearexpansioncoefficient线膨胀系数lossofweight重量损失naturalfrequency自振频率permeate渗透permeatedheight渗透高度permeated-resistingmark抗渗标号relativecoefficientofpermeability相对渗透系数resonancefrequency共振频率sample试件self-grownvolumedeformation（砼）自生体积变形splittingtensilestrength劈裂抗拉强度staticcompressivemodulusofelasticity静力抗压弹数temperatureconductivity导温系数tensilemodulusofelasticity抗拉弹性模量thermalinsulationwarming绝热温升ultimatetensilestrain极限拉应变ultimatetensilestrength极限抗拉强度wearrate磨损率wear-resistingstrength抗冲磨强度砂浆（Cement）cementlimemortar水泥石灰砂浆cementmortar水泥砂浆cement-claymortar水泥黏土砂浆epoxymortar环氧砂浆limemortar石灰砂浆plasteringmortar抹面砂浆pointingjointmortar勾缝砂浆土（Soil）accumulationcurve(cumulativecurve)累计曲线activityindex活性指标angleoffriction摩擦角Atterberglimits(watercontentaslimit)阿太堡界限（界限含水量）Californiabearingratio载重比coarse-grainedsoil粗粒土coefficientofcompressibility压缩系数coefficientofcubicalcompressibility体积压缩系数coefficientofcurvature曲率系数compression压缩compressionindex压缩指数compressionmodulus压缩模数consolidated-undrained(quick)sheartest固结不排水剪（固结快剪）试验consolidated-drained(slow)sheartest固结不排水剪（慢剪）试验consolidation固结consolidationcoefficient固结系数consolidationsettlement固结沉降consolidationstress固结应力continuousgrading/gradation连接级配contractiontest(shrinkagetest)收缩试验corecuttermethod环刀法creepcurve蠕变曲线criticalslope逸出坡降（临界坡降）Darcy'slaw达西定律degreeofconsolidation固结度degreeoffreeswelling自由膨胀率directsheartest直接剪切试验directsheartestofreiteration反复直剪强度试验distributioncurve分布曲线driftsoil(shiftingsoil/massflow)流土effectiveangleofinnerfriction有效内摩擦角effectivestrengthenvelope有效强度包线expansionforce膨胀力expansionration(specificexpansion)膨胀率filteringflow(seepageflow)渗流fine-grainedsoil细粒土flownet(driftnet)流网hydraulicslope水力坡降hydrometermethod比重计法hydrostaticheadmethod常水头法limitequilibriumstate极限平衡状态liquefaction液化liquidlimit液限liquidityindex液化指标maximumdrydensity最大干密度methodofsieving筛分法Mohr'sstresscircle莫力应力圆Mohr-coulombfailurecriteria莫尔-库伦破坏准则normalstress法向应力（正应力）oedometercurve压缩曲线optimummoisturecontent最优含水量piping管涌plasticlimit塑限plasticityindex塑性指标porewaterpressure空隙水压力porosity空隙率principalstress主应力Proctorcompactiontest普氏击实试验relativedensity相对密度sandreplacementmethod灌砂法saturability(saturationdegree/percentsaturation)饱和度saturatedunitweight饱和容重seepagedeformation渗透变形seepageforce(seepagepressure)渗透力seepageline渗透线seepagespeed渗透速度shearstress切向应力（剪应力）shrinkagelimit缩限skip(gap/jump)grading间断级配specificgravityofsoilparticle土粒比重steadyseepagefield稳定渗流场stresspath应力路径totalstrengthenvelope总强度包线triaxialcompressiontest三轴压缩试验unconfinedcompressionstrength无侧限抗压强度unconsolidatedundrainedtest不固结不排水剪（快剪）试验variableheadmethod变水头法void(pore)ratio孔隙比waterreplacementmethod灌水法wetdensity湿密度其它建筑材料钢筋（steel）bendingandunbending反复弯曲coldbendingtest冷弯试验elongationtest拉伸试验nominaldiameter公称直径ratioofelongation伸长率relaxationtest松弛试验steelstrand钢绞线tensileyieldstrength拉伸屈服强度ultimatetensilestrength极限抗拉强度木材（Wood）curshingstrengthparalledtothegrain顺纹抗压强度tensilestrengthparalledtothegrain顺纹抗拉强度crushingstrengthacrossthegrain横纹抗压强度tensilestrengthacrosstothegrain横纹抗拉强度沥青（Asphalt）brittletemperaturetest脆化点试验expansiontest延伸度试验penetrationtest针入式试验softeningpointtest软化点试验testofaging老化试验viscositytest粘滞性试验质量管理（QualityManagement）average平均值deviationstandard(errorofmeansquares)均方差deviationcoefficient(dispersioncoefficient)离差系数indexofcorrelation相关系数managementlimit管理界限mathematicstatistics数理统计maximum最大值minimum最小值normaldistribution正态分布qualityassurance质量保证qualityexamination质量检测regressioncurve回归曲线relativedampness相对湿度samplecapacity样本容量samplingfrequency取样频率specimen样品statisticalanalysis统计分析technicalspecification技术规范technicalstandard技术标准testingcircumstance试验环境testingerror试验误差testingregulation试验规程varianceanalysis方差分析◆地质(Geology)地质年代（GeochronologyofGeologicAges）Archaeozoicera(erathem)太古代（界）Proterozoicera(erathem)元古代（界）Palaeozoicera(erathem)古生代（界）Mesozoicera(erathem)中生代（界）Cenozoicera(erathem)新生代（界）Sinianperiod(system)震旦纪（系）Cambrianperiod(system)寒武纪（系）Ordovicianperiod(system)奥陶纪（系）Silurianperiod(system)志留纪（系）Devonianperiod(system)泥盘纪（系）Carboniferousperiod(system)石碳纪（系）Permianperiod(system)二叠纪（系）Triassicperiod(system)三叠纪（系）Jurassicperiod(system)侏罗纪（系）Cretaceousperiod(system)白垩纪（系）Tertiaryperiod(system)第三纪（系）Quaternaryperiod(system)第四纪（系）地质构造（GeologicStructural）fault断层normalfault正断层reversedfault逆断层parallelfault平移断层gouge断层泥stria擦痕joint节理primaryjoint原生节理secondaryjoint次生节理tensionjoint张节理unloadingjoint卸荷节理schistosity片理bedding层理foliation板理（叶理）ripplemark波痕mudcrack泥痕rainprint雨痕orientationofbedrock岩层产状strike走向dip倾向angleofdip(dipangle)倾角fold褶皱anticline背斜syncline向斜Monocline(homocline)单斜dome穹隆softstratum软弱岩层zoneoffracture(brokenzone)破碎带affectedzone影响带platystructure板状构造cleavage解理fracture(rupture)断裂fissure(crack/fracture)裂隙岩石类型（Rocktype）petrology岩石学igneousrock火成岩magmaticrock岩浆岩lava(vocanicrock)火山岩intrusive(invade)rock侵入岩effusiverock深成岩pypabussalrock浅成岩acidrock酸性岩inter-mediaterock中性岩basicrock基性岩ultrabasicrock超基性岩granite花岗岩porphyry斑岩rhyolite玢岩syenite流纹岩trachyte粗面岩diorite闪长岩andesite安山岩gabbro辉长岩basalt玄武岩aplite细晶岩pegmatite伟晶岩lamprophyre煌斑岩diabase辉绿岩dunite橄榄岩pumice浮岩sedimentaryrock沉积岩clasticrock碎屑岩clayrock黏土岩chemicalrock化学岩biolith生物岩conglomerate砾岩siltstone粉砂岩mudstone泥岩shale页岩salinerock盐岩limestone石灰岩dolomite白云岩marl泥灰岩volcanicbreccia火山角砾岩volcanicagglomerate火山块集岩tuff凝灰岩metamorphicrock变质岩slate板岩phyllite千枚岩schist片岩gneiss片麻岩quartzite石英岩marble大理岩mylonite糜棱岩migmatite混合岩cataclasite碎裂岩sediment(deposit)沉积物（层）boulder漂石、顽石cobble卵石gravel砾石sand砂siltstone粉土clay黏土sandyclay砂质黏土clayeysand粘质砂土sandyloam壤土、亚黏土regolith(topsoil)浮土、表土loess黄土laterite红土peat泥炭ooze软泥、海泥造岩矿物（Rock-formingMinerals）talc滑石gypsum石膏calcite方解石fluorite萤石apatite磷灰石feldspar长石quartz石英topaz黄玉corundum刚玉diamand金刚石orthoclase正长石plagloclase斜长石biotite黑云母muscovite白云母amphibole角闪石phroxene辉石olivine橄榄石dolomite白云石kaolinite高岭石montmorillonite蒙脱石bentonite斑脱石、膨润土illite伊力石garnet石榴子石chlorite绿泥石serpentine蛇纹石pyrite黄铁矿hematite赤铁矿magnetite磁铁矿limonite褐铁矿工程地质（EngineeringGeology）Geotechnics(geotechnique)土工学（土工技术、岩石工程）rockmechanics岩石力学soilmechanics土力学geomechanics地质力学、岩石力学engineeringgeologicalconditons工程地质条件engineeringgeologicalproblem工程地质问题rockmassstructure岩体结构geographicandgeomorphicconditions地形地貌条件geophysicalphenomenon物理地质现象hydrogeologicalconditions水文地质条件naturalmaterials天然材料reservoir水库settlement沉降displacement位移deformation变形tectonicstress构造应力residualstress残余应力angleofinternalfriction内摩擦角cohesion内聚力（粘聚力、凝聚力）pressuretunnel压力隧洞undergroundcavern/cavity地下洞室overburden覆盖物bedrock(baserock/foundationrock)基岩firm/soundrock坚硬岩石weak/softrock软弱岩石interbed夹层zoneoffracture(brokenzones)破碎带homogeneity均质性nonhomogeneity/heterogeneity非均质性isotropy各向同性anisotropy各向异性矿物质的物理性质(PhysicalCharacterofMinerals)hardness硬度luster光泽color颜色transparencey/pellucidity透明度streak条痕rent/fracture断口crystalform晶形岩石学(Petrology)classification分类structure构造应力texture结构fabric组构mineralcomposition矿物组成crystalline结晶质amorphoussubstance非晶质fossil化石degreeofrounding磨圆度degreeofgrains粒度地层地貌(StratumandPhysiognomy)basin盆地rivervalley河谷riverbed河床topography地形terrain地势attitude产状rockbase(batholite)岩基rockstock岩株rockflow岩流rockloccolith岩盖rocklopolith岩盆rockdike岩墙rocksill岩床veindyke岩脉sediment(deposit)沉积物（层）alluvium冲积物（层）proluvium(diluvium)洪积物（层）deluvium坡积物（层）eluvium残积物（层）eoliandeposit风积物（层）lakedeposit湖积物（层）marinedeposit海积物（层）glacial(drift)deposit冰川沉积物（层）colluvialdeposit(colluvium)崩积物（层）cross-bedding交错层geologicstructure地质构造geotectonics大地构造学graben地堑horst地垒cordance(conformity)整合discordance(unconformity)非整合deceptivecordance/conformity假整合地质作用(PhysicalGeologyAction)weathering风化erosion侵蚀transportation搬运deposition/sediment沉积denudation剥蚀corrasion磨蚀corrosion腐蚀dissolution溶蚀landslide滑坡collapse(rockfall)崩塌mudflow泥石流earthquake地震intensity烈度magnitude震级◆水文(Hydrology)groundwater(subsurfacewater)地下水surfacewater地表水atmosphericwater大气水runoff径流fresh/plain/sweet