罗非鱼解剖课件

TilapiaExternalandInternalAnatomyOBJECTIVE:Tilapia;Dissectingequipment(scissors,forceps,dissectingpan,etc.);Ruler.Tobecomefamiliarwiththegrossanatomicalstructuresoftilapia.SUPPLIES:Head Trunk TailPROCEDURE:

PART1:EXTERNALANATOMYBodyshape

－Streamlined,orfusiform,reducingthedrag

Bodyregions

－Head,Trunk,andTail

ExternalAnatomyScales–cycloidscalesThinOvalOverlappingUsedforspeedReducefrictionContaingrowthrings(circuli)Fins–Usedtomaintainposition,move,steer,andstop.Composedoffinrays(providesupport)UnpairedFinsDorsal–keepfishuprightAnal–keepfishuprightCaudal–(tail)thrustsfishthroughthewaterandassistsinsteeringPairedFins

Pectoral–behindthegills(actasbrakes;sidetosidemotion)Pelvic-belowandbehindthepectoralfins(upanddownmotion)Gills–TakeinoxygenandgiveoffcarbondioxideOpercula–hardplatethatcoversthegillsGillarches–4archesintilapiaGillrakers–strainunwantedparticlesfromthewaterGillfilaments-wheregasexchangetakesplaceLateralLine–allowsfishtosensechangeinwaterpressureAllowsfishtosensemovementinwaterAvoidobjectsintheirpathSensechemicalsinthewater(attractingamate)LateralLineMouthUsedinplaceofhandstofeelobjectsNaresNasalopeningsinthesnoutContainsmellreceptorsSenseofsmellEyesEyesareonthesidesoftheirheadsNoeyelidsThickcorneaLargepupilswhichallowlighttoenterRetinashavebothrodsandcones(canseeindimlightandcolor)TheshapesoftilapiagenitalpapillaMaletilapiaFemaletilapiaGenitalpapillaAnusUreterAnusOviductVasdeferensandureterPART2:INTERNALANATOMY

Circulatorysystem－Heart

Reproductivesystem－Gonad

Urinarysystem－Kidney

Digestivesystem－

Respiratorysystem－GillsLiverGallbladderIntestineImmunesystem－SpleechThecoelomoftilapiaisdividedinto3cavitiesbymembranes.INTERNALANATOMY

DissectingprocedureLiethetilapiaonrightside,andcutthebodywallfromthefrontoftheanusforwardandtothedorsalThencutthebodywallforwardacrossofthepectoralfinBehindtheoperculum,cutthebodywallfromtheventraltothedorsal,getridofthebodywall,thentheinternalorganswillbedisplayed.

Circulatorysystem－HeartHeart－Darkredorgan,

locatedinthethoraciccavityandbelowthegills,whichhasonecardiacatriumandonecardiacventricle.pericardialcavity

Reproductivesystem－Gonadlongcylindricalpairedorgansthatandhangfromthedorsalaspectoftheperitonealcavity.Inmaturefishoocytesareusuallyvisibleintheovary.Thetestesarewhite,andtheovariesareslightlyyellow.

Urinarysystem－KidneyKidney－Thekidneyisabovetheswimbladderandveryclosetothespine.Usuallyverydarkredincolor.

DigestivesystemLiver－behindtheheart,browncolor,Intilapiaonelobeoftheliverextendsposteriorlyalongtheintestinealmosttotheanusofthefish.Gallbladder

－Underthelobesoftheliverforasmallfluid-filledsack,darkgreencolor.Notallfishhavegallbladders!Intestine

－tube-shapedandconnectionstotheanusandstomach.Carnivoreshavelargestomachandshortintestineswhileherbivoreshavelittle(orno!)stomachandverylongintestines.Intestine

－about5to7timesofthefishbodylengthDarkperitoneumSpleech－undertheswimbladder,darkredcolor,Flattenedovalinshape.Immunesystem－Spleech

Respiratorysystem－GillsGills

－Gillrakers,gillarchandgillfilamentsSwimbladder－Theswimbladderislocatedabovetheperitoneum(retroperitoneal)a