英语一轮复习选修六unit

选修六

UNITS

3~5句型公式·妙笔生花有关“是否应该实行有偿失物招领”正反观点议论文的经典句式Recently

our

class

has

had

a

heated

discussion

over

whetherpeople

should

be

given

money

when

returning

lost

property.最近我班就“是否应该实行有偿失物招领”进行了一场激烈的讨论。As

we

can

see

from

the

statistics,different

people

have

differentattitudes

towards

whether

people

should

be

given

money

whenreturning

lost

property.正如从数据中可以看到的一样,对于“是否应该实行有偿失物招领”不同的人持有不同的态度。3

．

40

percent

of

the

students

who

participated

in

the

discussion

think

it

is

reasonable

to

give

some

money

to

the

people

who

found

the

things

we

lost,because

it

doesn’t

matteras

longas

we

getour

lost

propertyback.参加这项讨论的40%的学生认为只要东西回来了,出点钱没有关系。4．What’s

more,doing

this

will

increase

the

possibility

ofgetting

back

the

lost

property.况且,这样做可以增加失而复得的机率。While

60

percent

don’t

think

it’s

a

good

idea

to

do

sobecause

returning

lost

property

is

simply

doing

what

weshould

do.In

addition,if

we

give

money

for

the

return

of

lostproperty,it

goes

against

our

traditional

values.然而60%的学生认为这样做不是一个好主意,因为拾金不昧仅仅是我们应该做的事情。此外,如果我们有偿失物招领这和我们的传统美德相悖。In

my

point

of

view,it

is

not

a

good

idea

to

pay

for

thereturn

of

lost

property.It’s

our

responsibility

to

return

thelost

property

to

its

owner.Only

in

this

way

can

we

carryforward

the

traditional

values.依我个人看来,有偿失物招领不是好办法。拾金不昧是我们的责任,只有这样我们才能继续发扬这一传统美德。Unit

3A

healthy

life——健康生活本节目录基础盘点自测自评考点串讲讲练互动基础盘点自测自评[核心单词]n．&vt.滥用;虐待vt.禁止;取缔n.禁令;谴责adj.欠款的;预定的;到期的

vt.停止(做某事);离开

n．结果;效力adj.绝望的;拼命的

adj.局促不安的;笨拙的1．2．3．4．5．6．7．8．n．压力;重音vt.加压力于;使紧张→stressfuladj.产生压力的;紧张的→stressed

adj.焦虑不安的abusebanduequiteffectdesperateawkwardstressn．青少年adj.青春期的→adolescence

n．12．

adj.无意识的;自动的→automatically

adv.无意识地;自动地13．

adj.精神的;智力的→mentally

adv.精神上;智力上→physical(反义词)adj.身体的,肉体的9．

adolescent青春期addictedadj.入了迷的;上了瘾的→addiction

n.沉溺;嗜好→addictive

adj.使人上瘾的→addict

vt.使上瘾n.有瘾的人

accustom

vt.使习惯于→accustomedadj.惯常的;习惯了的automaticmental14．vt.加强;巩固;使坚强vi.变强→strengthn．力气,力量,强项15．

adj.失望的;沮丧的→disappointing

adj.令人失望的→disappoint

vt.使失望;使扫兴→disappointmentn．失望;沮丧16．

adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的→shame

n．羞愧→shameful

adj.可耻的→shameless

adj.无耻的,厚颜的n．看法;判决;判断→judge

v．判断adj.尴尬的;陷入困境的→embarrassv．(使)尴尬→embarrassment

n．尴尬strengthendisappointedashamedjudgementembarrassed[高频短语]由于……

对……有瘾1．2．3．对……作出决定想要(做)……不顾;不管冒险7．8．9．陷入;染上(坏习惯)处境危险;遭受危险10．设法完成某事due

toaddicted

toaccustomed

to

习惯于……4．

decide

on5．

feel

like

(doing)6．

in

spite

oftake

risks/a

riskget

intoat

riskmanage

to

do

sth.[典型句式]1．it

is/was

time

to

do

sth.到了该做某事的时候了When

I

was

taken

off

the

school

football

team

because

I

wasunfit,

I

knew

.it

was

time

to

quit

smoking当我因为身体不适而被学校足球队开除以后,我意识到自己是时候戒烟了。2．“as＋adj.＋a/an＋n．＋as”结构I

do

hope

so

because

I

want

you

to

live as

long

and

healthy

a

life

as

I

have.我真希望你能那样做,因为我盼着你也能像我一样健康长寿。crying

over

spilt

milk.覆水难收。Every

time...用作从属连词

Every

time

you

feel

like

smoking

a

cigarette,remindyourself

that

you

are

a

non-smoker.每当你想要吸烟的时候,你就提醒你自己,你(已经)是不抽烟的人了。It

is

no

good

doing...做某事无用It

is

nogood5．强调句型 Itis

only

when

the

disease

has

progressed

to

AIDS

that

a

person

begins

to

look

sick.只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时,人才会显出病态。[单元语法]it用法(Ⅰ)1．(2012·高考大纲全国卷Ⅱ)Sarah

made

to

theairport

just

in

time

to

catch

her

plane

this

morning.A．herselfC．thatB．thisD．it解析：选D。考查it用法。makeit是一个固定词组,表示“成功地做成某事”。其他的反身代词herself和指示代词

this,that没有此用法。2．(2013·银川模拟)The

employment

rate

has

continued

torise

in

big

cities

thanks

to

the

efforts

of

the

local

governmentstoincrease

.A．themC．itB．thoseD．that解析：选C

。考查it

用法。这里指代的是上文的“Theemployment

rate”,所以用代词it。3．(2012·河南省开封市高三第二次模拟)Many

of

us

take

for

granted

that

all

foreigners

celebrateThanksgiving.But

this

is

simply

not

true.A．themC．thisB．itD．that解析：选B。句意：我们许多人认为所有外国人庆祝感恩节是理所当然的事。但这根本就不是事实。take...forgranted认为……想当然,it作形式宾语,代指后边的宾语从句。技巧：it

用在某些(短语)动词后,如：enjoy,like,dislike,hate,don’t

mind,be

fond

of,feel

like,see

to,即这些动词后面的宾语从句前要加it代替其后的从句。4

．(2013·成都市高三模拟)Do

you

think

possibleto

master

a

foreign

language

without

any

memory

work.A．itC．thatB．thisD．how解析：选A。考查it用法。此处it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语to

master

a

foreign

language

withoutany

memory

work。5．(2012·保定市高三第二次模拟)

I

stayed

there

for

only

twodays

but

felt

like

two

weeks.A．itC．thatB．whatD．this解析：选A。考查it用法。此处it指代two

days。考点串讲讲练互动[单词精研]1.stress

n．重压,逼迫,压力;重音;重点

vt.加压力于;使紧张;重读(2012·高考陕西卷·阅读理解C)The

authors

of

both

studiesstress

that

these

risks

are

relatively

small

for

healthy

people.两篇论文的作者都强调对于健康的人来说这些风险相对较小.(3)

归纳拓展under

stress

在压力之下under

the

stress

of...

在……压力下put

sb.under

great

stress

使某人感到沉重的压力lay/place/put

stress

on

sth.强调某事物stress

the

importance

of...

强调……的重要性

stressed

adj.焦虑不安的，心力交瘁的

stressful

adj.产生压力的；压力重的；紧张的①(牛津P1997)Things

can

easily

go

wrong

when

people

areunder

stress.人在压力之下,办事情容易出差错。②(牛津P1997)I

think

the

company

places

too

much

stress

oncost

and

not

enough

on

quality.我认为公司对成本强调有余,而对质量重视不足。③As

has

been

stressed

many

times,

learning

English

well

isof

great

importance

to

your

career

development

in

future.正如多次强调的那样,学好英语对你们今后的职业发展非常重要。④Cooperation

or

teamwork,the

importance

of

which

is

oftenstressed,plays

an

important

part

in

football

matches.合作或协作,在足球比赛中起着重要作用,这一点经常被强调.2.due

adj.欠款的;预定的;到期的(教材P18)I

think my

long

and

active

life

must be

due

to

the我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛,要归功(1)be

due

healthylifeIlive.于我的健康生活。归纳拓展

to

do

sth.

for

sth.预定/计(做)某事(2)(be)due

tosb.

应支付/给予/归于某人(3)because

of

因为(较口语化)owing

tothanks

to因为(较正式)因为;多亏了as

a

result

of

因为on

account

of

由于①The

water

shortageis

severe

mainly

due

to

globalwarming,environmental

pollution

and

the

everincreasingpopulation.水资源严重短缺主要是由全球变暖、环境污染和人口持续增长造成的。②Either

you

orone

of

your

students

is

to

attend

the

meetingthat

is

due

tomorrow.你或者你的一名学生要参加明天的会。③Any

money

that

is

due

to

you

will

be

paid

before

the

end

ofthe

month.欠你的钱将在月底之前全部支付给你。④If

the

trip

is

a

success,

a

lot

of

this

will

be

due

to

Mr.Green’sefforts.如果说这次旅行获得了成功,那很大程度上要归功于格林先生的努力。3.accustomed

adj.习惯的,惯常的(

教材P18)This

means

that

after

a

while

your

body

esaccustomed

to

having

nicotine

in

it.

这就是说,过一段时间以后,你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。归纳拓展be

accustomed

to

(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事(表状态)e

accustomed

to

(doing)

sth.习惯于(做)某事(表不延续的动作)accustom

vt.使习惯于

accustom

sb./oneself

to

(doing)

sth.使某人/自己习惯于……①(2011·高考安徽卷·阅读理解E)We’ve

e

soaccustomed

to

noise,there’s

almost

a

deepprejudice

against

the

idea

that

silence

might

bebeneficial.我们已经对噪音习以为常了,对安静有益的看法有很深的偏见。②

(

朗

文

P15)It

tookmyself

to

all

the

newa

while

for

me

to

accustomrules

and

regulations.我经过了一段时间后才适应了所有新的规章制度。③Accustomed

to

climbing

the

steep

mountain,he

had

nodifficulty

reaching

the

top.习惯于爬陡峭的山,他毫无困难地爬上山顶。④For

men

(who

are

)accustomed

to

a

comfortable

life,thechangetoremoteareasmusthavebeenveryhardindeed.对于过惯了舒适生活的人来说,变换一下生活环境来到偏远地区,那一定是很艰难的。4.risk

n．危险;风险

vt.使冒险;冒……风险(教材P20)He

felt

he

had

to

make

up

his

mind

on

every

stepinstead

of

taking

risks.他认为他必须决定每一步而不冒险。归纳拓展

at

risk(1)

at

the

risk

of...处于危险之中，冒风险冒着……风险

at

all

risks无论冒什么风险(2)

face/run

arisk

take

risks

(a

risk)to

do...(3)

risk

doing...

risk

one’s

life

to

do

sth.冒险冒险做……冒险做……冒着生命危险做某事①(2012·高考陕西卷·阅读理解C)Eating

too

much

fatty

food,exercising

too

little

and

smoking

can

raise

your

future

risk

ofheartdisease.吃太多油腻的食品而运动太少并且抽烟的话,会增加你将来患心脏病的风险。②(朗文P1768)There

are

measures

you

can

take

to

reduce

therisk

of

accidents.你可以采取措施以降低发生事故的风险。③When

children

start

smoking,they

don’t

realize

thatthey’reriskingtheirhealth.小孩开始抽烟时,并没有意识到是在拿自己的健康去冒险。④The

young

man

risked

being

knocked

down

to

take

thechildonthebusyroadtosafety.年轻人冒着被撞倒的危险把那个在繁忙马路上的小孩带到了安全地带。5.addicted

adj.入了迷的;上了瘾的(

教材P18)You

see,during

adolescence

I

also

smoked

andbecame

addicted

to

cigarettes.你看,在青少年时期我也吸烟并上了瘾。归纳拓展e/get

addicted

to

sth./doing

sth.沉溺于……;专心做……addict

vt.

使沉溺;使上瘾n.

有瘾的人addict

oneself

to

sth.

沉溺于……a

work

addict

工作狂(3)addiction

n.

癖好①While

his

wife

was

in

hospital

in

the

United

States,he

gottotally

addicted

to

alcohol.在他妻子在美国住院期间,他对酒完全上了瘾。②Her

son

addicted

himself

to

smoking,which

had

a

badeffect

on

his

health.她的儿子吸烟上瘾,这对他的健康有很坏的影响。③Addicted

to

playing

computer

games,the

little

boy

has

lostinterest

in

his

lessons.迷恋于玩电脑游戏,这个小男孩对功课失去了兴趣。[跟踪训练](冒被捕的危险)．Ⅰ.完成句子

Accustomed

to

not

staying

up

(不习惯于熬夜)so

lateat

night,

she

has

to

work

extra

hours

at

day

time.Some

government

officials

in

that

country

were

arrestedfor abusing

their

power

(滥用权力)to

get

benefit

forthemselves

and

their

relatives.Anyone

travelling

without

a

passportruns

the

risk

of

being

arrested4．By

the

way,we

often

feel

discouraged,which has

a

very

bad

effect

on

(有很坏的影响)our

study.5．I feel

quite

ashamed

(很惭愧)that

I

have

notfinished

the

task

on

time.Ⅱ.单项填空1．(2012·四级英语)We

forgave

his

bad

temper

because

weknew

that

his

son’s

illness

had

put

him

under

great

.A．emotionC．crisisB．excitementD．stress解析：选D。句意：我们原谅了他的坏脾气,因为我们知道他儿子的病使他受到很大的压力。putsb.under(great)stress使某人处境(非常)紧张,使某人受(很大)压力。2．—They

are

quiet,aren’t

they?—Yes.Theyareaccustomed

at

meals.A．to

talkC．to

talkingB．to

not

talkD．to

not

talking解析：选D。本句中beaccustomedto表示“习惯于”,to是介词,所以后面跟动名词作宾语。动名词的否定形式not要置于动名词(短语)前。句意：——他们非常安静,不是吗？——是的,他们已经习惯了就餐时不说话。所以正确答案为D项。3

．

If

you

tell

the

truth

about

the

ill

behavior

of

yourboss,youwilltakethe

oflosingyourjob.A．chanceC．riskB．possibilityD．opportunity解析：选C。take

the

risk

of...冒……之险。句意：如果你说出你们老板的恶劣行径,你会冒失业之险。4．He

got

wellprepared

for

the

job

interview,for

he

couldn’trisk

the

good

opportunity.A．to

loseC．to

be

lostB．losingD．being

lost解析：选B。risk后接动词ing形式作宾语;主语he和lose之间是主动关系。故选B。5．(2013·太原模拟)The

new

survey

shows

that

the

numberof puter

games

has

been

on

the

increase

in

recent

years.A．devoted

toC．connected

toB．related

toD．addicted

to解析：选D。bedevotedto“致力于”;berelatedto“与……有联系”;be

connected

to“与……相关联”;be

addicted

to“对……上瘾的”。“addicted to”是分词短语作后置定语修饰“students”;指“对电脑游戏上瘾的学生”,因此D项正确.The

old

man

said

the

accident

careless

driving,soa

lot

of

money

be

paid

by

the

driver.was

due

to;was

due

todue

to;was

due

tois

due

to;has

due

tois

due

to;was

due

to解析：选A。due to由于,起因于,常用作表语,第一个空应填was

due

to;第二个空填was

due

to,due为形容词,意思是“合理的,应支付的”。money与其后作定语的动词不定式具有逻辑上的动宾关系,不定式应用被动式。1.get

into[短语精释]陷入;染上(坏习惯)(2012·高考江西卷)I’ve

got

into

the

habit

of

calling

in

on

mygrandparents

on

my

way

home

from

school.我已经养成了从学校回家时顺路拜访我祖父母的习惯。归纳拓展get

acrossget

alongget

away(使)通过;(使)被理解;(把……)讲清楚进展;相处逃脱;离开get

down

to

认真工作get

over

爬过;越过;克服困难;痊愈get

through

穿越(马路);通过;接通电话;经历①Many

homeless

people

get

into

the

habit

of

begging

to

getenough

money

to

stay

alive.许多无家可归的人开始养成乞讨谋生的习惯。②Hi,Bob,how

are

you

getting

along

with

your

spokenreport？嗨,鲍勃,你的口头报告准备得怎么样了？③It

took

me

a

very

long

time

to

get

over

the

shock

of

herdeath.得知她去世的消息我惊愕不已,很长时间才缓过劲来。④A

smile

can

help

us

get

through

difficult

situations

and

findfriends

in

a

world

of

strangers.微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关,在陌生人中找到朋友。2.in

spite

of

不顾,不管;尽管,虽然(教材P20)In

spite

of all

his

efforts

he

failed.He

was

so

upsetabout

himself

that

he

felt

like

crying.尽管他很努力还是失败了,他伤心地想哭。①In

spite

of

the

fact

that

doctors

have

warned

that

smokingdoes

harm

to

health,people

still

keep

on

smoking.尽管医生已经警告说吸烟有害健康,人们还是继续吸烟。②In

spite

of

her

good

salary,

she

measured

out every

dollarneeded

for

household

expenses.她的工资尽管不错,但在家务开支上每一块钱她也要算一算。【温馨提示】in

spite

of与despite同义,常可换用。in

spite

of为普通用语,despite多用于书面语言,despite不与of连用。although/though也是“尽管;不管;不顾”的意思,但用作从属连词,后面接让步状语从句。in

spite

of/despite＋n.＝although＋从句。体会：③In

spite

of/Despite

the

fact

that

how

much

it

will

cost,

wemust

take

every

measure

to

save

the

old

man’s

life.＝Although

it

costs

too

much,

we

must

take

every

measure

tosave

the

old

man’s

life.不管费用多少,我们必须采取一切措施抢救这位老人。[跟踪训练]Ⅰ.句型转换1．Despite

many

difficulties,he

managed

to

get

through

theexperiment.many

difficulties,he

managed

to

getthrough

the

experiment.2．It’s

such

a

fine

day.I’d

like

to

go

out

for

a

picnic.It’s

such

a

fine

day.I going

out

for

a

picnic.3．His

lateness

was

because

of

the

heavy

traffic

on

the

road.His

lateness

was the

heavy

traffic

on

the

road.In

spite

offeel

likedue

to4．The

war

broke

out,and

many

innocent

people

werein

danger

of

losing

their

lies.The

war

broke

out,and

many

innocent

people

arelosing

their

lives.5．Her

son

has

fallen

into

the

bad

habit

of

surfing

on

theInternet.Her

son

hasthe

bad

habit

of

surfing

on

the

Internet.at

the

risk

ofgot

intoⅡ.单项填空1．(2013·南昌模拟)

what

has

recently

been

doneto

provide

more

buses

for

the

people,a

shortage

of

publicvehicles

remains

a

problem.A．Except

forC．Because

ofB．Due

toD．In

spite

of解析：选D.考查介词短语。前一部分what

has

recently

beendonetoprovidemorebusesforthepeople和后面的内容之间存在着逻辑上的让步关系,所以用In

spite

of表示“尽管”.2．(2013·河北模拟)—How

did

she

lose

so

much

weight

asexpected?—

eating

less,she

jogged

for

several

miles

every

day.A．In

spite

ofC．Instead

ofB．In

addition

toD．Thanks

to解析：选B。句意：——她是怎样按照预想的减掉这么多体重的？——除了少吃,她每天慢跑几英里。in

addition

to除了……以外(还有);A.尽管;C.代替;D.多亏了。根据she

jogged...可知B项正确。3．Many

workers

are

getting

into

trouble

becausethecurrent

situation

of

the

factory

is

bad.In

other

words,it

ishardfor

themtomake

living.A．the;aB．/;aC．the;theD．/;the解析：选B。getinto

trouble

意为“陷入困境”,makealiving意为“谋生”,二者都是固定搭配。4．Itried

phoningher

office,but

Icouldn’t

.A．get

along B．get

onC．get

to D．get

through解析：选D。考查动词词组。句意：我试着拨了她办公室的电话,但是打不通。getalong前进,进展;geton上(车,马等),进展;getto到达。getthrough打通电话;它还有“完成,度过,通过,讲清楚”等意思。[句型精析]1.(教材P18)I

do

hope

so

because

I

want

you

to

live

as

long

andhealthy

a

life

asI

have.我的确希望这样,因为我想让你过上和我一样长寿而健康的生活。[句法分析](1)此句式为as＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋as。①We

wanted

him

to

have

as

full

a

life

as

possible,

nodifferent

from

what

we

want

for

our

other

two

sons.我们想让他尽可能地过充实的生活,与我们对其他的两个孩子的期望没有区别。②The

man

hopes

to

live

as

simple

a

life

as

his

grandpa.这个小伙子希望和他爷爷一样过着俭朴的生活。【温馨提示】类似此句型的用法too/so/how＋adj.＋a/an＋n..③I

have

never

met

so

young

a

body

with

so

wise

a

head.我从来没见过这么年轻又这么聪明的人。④Thisistoodifficultaproblemfor

thebeginnerstosolve.这个问题对于初学者来说太难解决了。

(2)do/does/did＋动词原形归纳拓展“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句,意为“确实,的确”,用来加强谓语动词的语气,但须符合以下条件：句子是肯定句;句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。⑤To

my

great

joy,the

plant

did

look

exactly

like

what

wewere

looking

for.使我高兴的是,这棵植物看起来的确像是我们正在寻找的那种。⑥He

does

work

hard

and

finish

the

job

in

time.他工作的确努力,及时完成了任务。2.(

教材P19)Every

time

you

feel

like

smoking

acigarette,remindyourselfthatyouareanon-smoker.每当你想要吸烟的时候,你就提醒你自己,你(已经)是不抽烟的人了.[句法分析]every

time可以用来引导时间状语从句。表示经常性的动作,“每次”的意思。该从句中也用一般时态代替将来时。①Every

time

you

smile

at

someone,you

give

a

gift

to

thatperson.每次你向某人微笑的时候,你就给了那人一件礼物。②Every

time

we

made

mistakes

in

our

homework,he

wouldask

us

to

correct

them.每次我们在作业中出错,他总是要我们改正。归纳拓展(1)下列名词词组可以起连词作用：

the

first/last

timenext/any/every/each

timethe

moment/instant/minute(2)directly,instantly,immediate