2022-2023学年江西省南昌市重点中学高三下学期第一次模拟英语试题（原卷版+解析版无听力音频无听力原文）

第第页2022-2023学年江西省南昌市重点中学高三下学期第一次模拟英语试题（原卷版+解析版，无听力音频无听力原文）南昌十中2022-2023学年

高三一模模拟英语试题

本试卷总分150分，考试时间120分钟

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whatwillthemandoforthewoman

A.Askforleave.B.Repairhercar.C.Giveheralift.

2.Whichmuseumdidthegirlvisit

A.TheScienceMuseum.B.TheNatureMuseum.C.TheArtMuseum.

3.Whydoesthewomancometotheman

A.Topickhimup.B.Todothewashing.C.Togethercontainerback.

4.WhatdoesthewomanaskJohntodo

A.Cleanthekitchen.B.Tastethechicken.C.Cutthechicken.

5.Whatdoesthemanmean

A.Heisagoodcook.

B.Heisn’tgoodatcooking.

CHelikesthewoman’scooking.

第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.WhatdidAmydoonSaturdaymorning

A.Shewentshopping.B.Shewentjogging.C.Shewenttothegym.

7.WhendidAmygoonadate

A.OnSaturdaynight.B.OnSundayafternoon.C.OnSundaynight.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.HowmuchtimeisleftforthemantopickGretaup

A.45minutes.B.25minutes.C.20minutes.

9.Whydoesthewomanthinkthemaniscrazy

A.Hedoesn’thavebreakfast.

B.Heatetheappleinherbag.

C.He’llbuyfoodattheairport.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.Whatwastheboy’smotherdoingwhenhefell

A.Puttingawayhistoys.B.Lookingafterhissister.C.Sittinginthelivingroom.

11.Whydidtheboyfalloutofthewindow

A.Hetriedtocatchhisbiscuit.

B.Hefelloutofthebrokenchair.

C.Hepushedhardtoopenthewindow.

12.Whatpartoftheboy’sbodygothurt

A.Hisleg.B.Hisarm.C.Hishead.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Whodoesthispenbelongto

A.Theman’sson.B.Theman’swife.C.Theman’sdaughter.

14.Whatcolorpenisunavailablenow

A.Purple.B.Black.C.Yellow.

15.Howmuchdoesthepenwitharedleathercovercost

A.$14.B.$13.C.$11.

16.Whatwillthemanprobablydo

A.Comeagaintomorrow.B.Buyanotherpennow.C.Waitforthewoman’scall.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whydidthespeakerhurrytogotoschool

A.Hehadtoborrowbooks.

B.Hewasafraidtobelate.

C.Herushedtohandinhispapers.

18.Whatwasthespeaker’sattitudetowardstheoldman

A.Indifferent.B.Bad.C.Polite.

19.Whodidtheoldmanturntobe

A.Thenewteacher.B.Afamouswriter.C.Theheadmaster.

20.Whatdoesthespeakertalkabout

A.Anexcitinglunchparty.

B.Awell-knownshortstory.

C.Anunforgettableexperience.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30)

A

Today’smoderntravelersarejourneyingfurthertoexploreEuropeoffthebeatentrack,andbringinghomenewskillsandexperience.Hereare4ideasforanunusualholidayinEurope.

VolunteerinTransylvania

TransylvaniaisatopchoiceforanunusualEuropeancitybreak,withwonderfullypreservedmedieval(中世纪的)townsandcastlesthatinspiredthefamousnovelDracula.Inaddition,youcantakeyourunusualholidayexperienceevenfurtherbyvolunteeringinEasternEurope’slargestbearreserveandworkingwithbears.

TeachskiinginAustria

AustriaisoneofEurope’stopskiingdestinations.Ifyou’relookingforamoreunusualwaytospendawinterholiday,whynotconsidertrainingtobeaskiinstructorthereYou’llgainaqualificationthatisrecognizedworldwide,andthisprogrammeincludesaguaranteedpaidinstructorjobataskiresort(旅游胜地)onceyouhavefinishedyourtraining.

GodivinginSpain

ForaEuropeanholidaywithadifference,takepartinaplasticcleanupprojectbasedinBarcelona,helptoemptyplasticwasteintheMediterraneanSeaandhelpprotecttheenvironmentasyoutravel.Thisvolunteerprojectcombinesdivingwithcollectingplasticorotherwastefromthewater,alongsidegivingyouthechancetoexplorethecity.

ExploreTuscanyonhorseback

Tuscany,oneofthebestplacesinEuropetoexploreonhorseback,haswitnessedasharpincreaseintravelers.TherearevariousactivitiesthatcombinesightseeingwithbasichorseridinglessonsandyoucanstayinRenaissancevillas(文艺复兴风格的别墅)andfarmhouses.Youdon’tneedtohaveanyexperienceforhorseridingholidays,andtheyareabrilliantalternativetoyourtypicalguidedtour.

1.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestdoinginTransylvania

A.Findingajobinthecastle.

B.Helpingtocareforbears.

C.ReadingthenovelDracula.

D.Visitingitsmodernbuildings.

2.Wherecanyouhelptoprotecttheenvironmentwhiletraveling

A.InSpain.B.InTuscany.

C.InTransylvania.D.InAustria.

3.WhatdoweknowabouthorseridingholidaysinTuscany

A.Theysuitexperiencedriders.

B.TheyareuniquetoTuscany.

C.Theyaregrowinginpopularity.

D.Theyfeatureatypicalguidedtour.

【答案】1.B2.A3.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了欧洲的四个不同寻常的旅游度假胜地。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Inaddition,youcantakeyourunusualholidayexperienceevenfurtherbyvolunteeringinEasternEurope’slargestbearreserveandworkingwithbears.(此外，你可以在东欧最大的熊保护区做志愿者，并与熊一起工作，从而让你的不同寻常的假期体验更进一步。)”可知，建议游客在特兰西瓦尼亚旅行时去东欧最大的熊保护区做志愿者，帮忙照顾熊。故选B项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“ForaEuropeanholidaywithadifference,takepartinaplasticcleanupprojectbasedinBarcelona,helptoemptyplasticwasteintheMediterraneanSeaandhelpprotecttheenvironmentasyoutravel.(对于一个与众不同的欧洲假期，参加一个位于巴塞罗那的塑料清理项目，帮助清理地中海的塑料垃圾，并在旅行时保护环境。)”可知，游客在西班牙潜水的时候也可以清除海里的塑料垃圾从而为环保出一分力。故选A项。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Tuscany,oneofthebestplacesinEuropetoexploreonhorseback,haswitnessedasharpincreaseintravelers.(托斯卡纳是欧洲骑马探险的最佳地点之一，游客数量急剧增加。)”可知，托斯卡纳是骑马度假的胜地之一，来这个地区游玩的游客数量激增。由此可推知，托斯卡纳的骑马度假越来越受欢迎。故选C项。

B

OverlookingtheDavis—GantVarsitySoccerField,abedofoverturnedsoilwaitsforfurtherdevelopment.Inafewyears,thisareawillbecomeanaturalhabitatandaplaygroundforanimalsandresidents.Thispeacefulareadidn’tappearnaturally,butthroughplanningandactiontakenbyCatlinGabel’sTinyForestprojectlaunchedbyteacherPatrickWalsh.

Foreststypicallytakehundredsofyearstomature,withfourstagesofgrowth.“Tinyforestsflattenouttimethroughtheplantingofallfourlayers(层),”Walshexplained.Theendresultisafast—growing,nativeforestinabout20years.Over600plantsfrom43specieswillbeplantedinthetinyforest,thefirstoneinOregon.

Walshwasinspiredtobuildatinyforestafterhearingaboutthisidea,whichemergedinJapanandhastakenholdinNorthAmerica.Hesharedhisvisionwithseniorsinhisclass.TheseniorsresearchedtinyforestsandmadeaproposalresultinginCleanWaterServicesdonating60treesand$5,000fromtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.Armedwiththeseresources,Walshandthestudentsstartedworking.“SomethingIdidn’treallyexpectwastheoutpouringofstudents’enthusiasm.Seeingstudentsfromallgradesvolunteeredtocontributetothe‘dirtywork’reallyblewmeaway,”Walshsaid.

SeniorMeganCoverhasbeenattheschoolsincethefirstgrade.“I’llgraduateafterworkingonthisproject,whichissurelysad,butit’sreallyrewardingandgreattobeapartofthisprojectandtodomybit.We’recreatingthiseducationalspaceformanyyoungkids,”Coversaid.

Walshsummeduphisgoaloftheproject,whichistobuildaplacewherestudentscanenjoyandlearnaboutnature.“Theforestwillobviouslynotsolveclimatechange,butitwoulddeservetheeffortsifthekidsthinkaboutclimatechangeandremembertheimportanceofreforestationandtreeswhentheylookoutsideattheforest.”

4.Whatisspecialabouttinyforests

A.TheyoriginatedinNorthAmerica.

B.Theyareusuallyplantedinschools.

C.Theycontainvarioustypesoftrees.

D.Theybecomematureinashortertime.

5.WhatsurprisedWalshintheprocessofplantingthetinyforest

A.Theabundanceofnativetreespecies.

B.Publicconcernabouttheenvironment.

C.Theactiveparticipationofstudents.

D.Supportfromlocalorganizations.

6.HowdoesMeganCoverfeelabouttheproject

A.Proud.B.Hopeful.C.Excited.D.Grateful.

7.WhatdoesWalshwanttheforesttofunctionasforthestudents

A.Asourceofenjoyment.B.Areminder.

C.Asourceofinspiration.D.Awitness.

【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在老师PatrickWalsh的带领下，学校的学生合力种下了一片小森林，在若干年后，这个地区将成为动物和居民的自然栖息地和游乐场。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Foreststypicallytakehundredsofyearstomature,withfourstagesofgrowth.“Tinyforestsflattenouttimethroughtheplantingofallfourlayers(层),”Walshexplained.Theendresultisafast—growing,nativeforestinabout20years.(森林通常需要数百年才能成熟，有四个生长阶段。Walsh解释说：“小森林通过种植所有四层植物将时间变快。”最终的结果是在大约20年的时间里，一个快速生长的原生森林。)”可知森林通常需要数百年才能成熟，但是小森林的生长时间大大缩短了，即他们在较短的时间内变得成熟；故选D项。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第三段中““SomethingIdidn’treallyexpectwastheoutpouringofstudents’enthusiasm.Seeingstudentsfromallgradesvolunteeredtocontributetothe‘dirtywork’reallyblewmeaway,”Walshsaid.(“我没有预料到的是学生们的热情会如此高涨。看到来自各个年级的学生自愿参与‘脏活’，我真的惊呆了。”Walsh说。)”可知Walsh没有预料到学生们的热情会如此高，各个年级的学生都积极参与进来，这让他震惊；故选C项。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第四段“SeniorMeganCoverhasbeenattheschoolsincethefirstgrade.“I’llgraduateafterworkingonthisproject,whichissurelysad,butit’sreallyrewardingandgreattobeapartofthisprojectandtodomybit.We’recreatingthiseducationalspaceformanyyoungkids,”Coversaid.(高三学生Megan从一年级开始就在学校了。“我将在完成这个项目之后毕业，这当然令人难过，但是能够参与这个项目并尽自己的一份力量，真的是一件非常有意义和伟大的事情。我们正在为许多年轻孩子创造这样的教育空间。”)”可知Megan认为这是一件非常有意义和伟大的事情，由此可推断，她为自己能够参与到小森林项目中为孩子们创造一片具有教育意义的空间感到自豪；故选A项。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““Theforestwillobviouslynotsolveclimatechange,butitwoulddeservetheeffortsifthekidsthinkaboutclimatechangeandremembertheimportanceofreforestationandtreeswhentheylookoutsideattheforest.”(森林显然不能解决气候变化问题，但是如果孩子们能够考虑到气候变化问题，并且在看到森林的时候记住重新造林和树木的重要性，那么这些努力都是值得的。”)”可知，Walsh认为如果孩子们看到小森林时能想到气候变化问题以及重新造林和树木的重要性，那他们付出的努力就值得；由此可推断，Walsh希望小森林能够对学生们起到提醒作用，故选B项。

C

LilaGleitmanwasdrivinghertwo-year-olddaughterinthecarwhen,goingacrossasharpturn,sheadvisedherdaughterto“holdontight”.Thekidresponded,“Isn’tthat‘tightly’”

Itwasaturningpointinhercareer.Realizingthathertwo-year-oldalreadyhadanunderstandingoflanguagemadeGleitmanwanttogetintoherchild’shead.Shewondered:Whatdoessheknow,andwhendoessheknowit

Gleitmanturnedthosequestionsintoaresearchcareerthathelpeddefinepsycholinguistics(心理语言学).HerearlyinterestcoincidedwithNoamChomsky,afrequentvisitortotheUniversityofPennsylvaniawhenshestudiedthere.Thetwoscholarsconsideredthatthementalsystemswhichmightproducethesentencesyouhear,areshapedbyabstractrulesthatspeakersmaynotevenknowthattheyknow.

AnearlypieceofGleitman’sresearch,forexample,researchedsmallchildren’s“telegraphic”speech,inwhichmanywordsareleftout:akidmightsay“throwball”ratherthan“throwmetheball”.Thisseemstoimplythatthechild’sknowledgeisinstinctive.Butshefoundthatchildrenobeyinstructionsbetterwhentheirparentsuseadult-styleEnglishthanwhentheycopytheirkids.

Soparentsdonotneedtouse“motherese”—herhusbandHenry’sterm—withtheirchildren.Shefoundthattheirprogressivemasteryoflanguageruleshadlittletodowithhowmuch(orlittle)motheresetheircaregiversused.

Asthelearningprocessgoeson,childrendeploysomeremarkablestrategies.Theyoftenseemtocorrectlyguesswhatawordmeansafterhearingitjustonce.Thephysicalenvironmentisanobviousencouragement(aswhentheyhear“dog”andseeoneatthesametime).Buthowwouldachildguessthemeaningoftheverbin“Ibelievedthathelosthiskeys”Gleitmannoticedthatthesentencestructureisidenticaltothosewithotherverbsthatmeansimilarthings:saw,remembered,worriedanddoubted.Morebroadly,itturnedoutthatverbswhicharesimilarinmeaningtendtoturnupinsimilarsentencestructures.Thishelpschildrenlearnquickly,aprocessshecalled“syntacticbootstrapping(语法自举)”.

8.WhatwastheturningpointinGleitman’scareer

A.Herhusband’spersuasion.

B.Onesuggestionfromherprofessor.

C.HermeetingwithNoamChomsky.

D.Onesentencefromherdaughter.

9.Whendokidsfollowtheirparents’instructionsbetter

A.Whentheparentsuse“motherese”.

B.Whentheparentsuseadult-styleEnglish.

C.Whentheparentscopytheirkids’languages.

D.Whentheparentsadoptremarkablestrategies.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deploy”inthelastparagraphprobablymean

A.Abandon.B.Plan.C.Change.D.Use.

11.HowdoesakidknowthemeaningofaverbaccordingtoGleitman

A.Bylookingitupinadictionary.

B.B.Bybeingtoldbyhisorherparents.

C.Byguessingitfromsentencestructures.

D.D.Bylearningitinhisorherschool.

【答案】8.D9.B10.D11.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了LilaGleitman因女儿的一句话改变了职业生涯，创立了心理语言学以及她和另外一位学者随后在儿童语言学习方面进行的一些研究。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“LilaGleitmanwasdrivinghertwo-year-olddaughterinthecarwhen,goingacrossasharpturn,sheadvisedherdaughterto“holdontight”.Thekidresponded,“Isn’tthat‘tightly’”(LilaGleitman驾驶着两岁的女儿在车上行驶时，遇到急转弯时，她建议女儿‘抓紧’。孩子回答说：‘这不应该是这个紧吗？’)”可知，在和女儿对话时，女儿对她关于“紧”的表达产生了疑问；根据第二段第一句“Itwasaturningpointinhercareer.(这是她职业生涯的转折点)”可知，前文女儿对于词汇的疑问成了Gleitman事业的转折点。故选D项。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Butshefoundthatchildrenobeyinstructionsbetterwhentheirparentsuseadult-styleEnglishthanwhentheycopytheirkids.(但她发现，当父母使用成人风格的英语时，孩子们比他们模仿孩子时更遵守指令)”可知，LilaGleitman发现当父母使用成人式英语时，孩子们能更好地听从他们的指示。故选B项。

【10题详解】

词义猜测题。根据最后一段第二句“Theyoftenseemtocorrectlyguesswhatawordmeansafterhearingitjustonce.(他们往往在听到一次单词后就能正确地猜出它的意思)”可知，孩子们似乎经常会在听到一个词一次后立刻猜出这个词的正确含义，这是孩子们在学习语言时运用一些策略。因此，可推测deploy应意为“利用”，与use“利用”意思相近。故选D项。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Morebroadly,itturnedoutthatverbswhicharesimilarinmeaningtendtoturnupinsimilarsentencestructures.Thishelpschildrenlearnquickly,aprocessshecalled“syntacticbootstrapping(语法自举)”.(更广泛地说，事实证明，意义相似的动词往往出现在相似的句子结构中。这有助于孩子快速学习，这个过程被她称为‘语法自举’)”可知，孩子们会从相似的句子结构中猜测单词的含义。故选C项。

D

It’soneoftheultimatetestsofwillpower:you’vebeenwanderingaroundthemarketforhoursandyou’retiredandhungry.Thenyoucatchasmellofsomethingfragrant(香的)anddelicious,probablyfriedandalmostcertainlyfattening.Junkfoodcompaniesarewellawarethatthesmelloftheirproductsetsoffadesireinyourbrainandthatyou’llpayforthatlater.Itisaresponsethathasbeenresearched,andyou’dbetterbelieveyourfavoritefast-foodchainshavemarketingteamsthatareusingthatresearchtotheiradvantage.

Let’stakeacloserlookatthisprocess.Haveyouevernoticedthatwhateverindulgentfood(放纵型食品)catchesyourattentiontendstobemostappealingjustafteryoufirstsmellitAcoupleofminuteslateryouarestandinginline,anditisn’tquiteinvitingasitwasjustmomentsago,butnowyou’veinvestedtime,soyoutrustyourfirstfeelingtotreatyourself.

Butarecentstatementsaysthatthisisactuallytherightmomenttowalkaway.DipayanBiswas,amarketingprofessor,foundthereisadirectconnectionbetweenhowlongapersonisexposedtoindulgentfoodsmellsandchoosinghealthierfoods.“Theresultsofaseriesofexperimentsshowthatextendedexposureofmorethantwominutestojunkfoodsmellsleadstofewerpurchasesofunhealthyfoodscomparedwithnosmelloranon-junk-food-relatedsmell,”readsthesummaryofhisstudy.

Whatappearstobegoingonhereisthatthebraindoesn’tnecessarilydistinguishbetweenapleasurablesmellandapleasanttaste.“Extendedexposuretoanindulgentfoodsmellbringspleasureinthemind,whichinturnreducesthedesireforactualconsumptionofindulgentfoods,”heexplains.Sonexttimeyoufeelyoudon’thavethewillpowertoresistcookies,smellallthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo.Toyourbrainit’sthesameasactuallyeatingcookies,andthepurchasedesirewoulddecrease.

12.Whatcanwelearnaboutjunkfoodsmellsfromthefirstparagraph

A.Theycanmakeadifferenceinmarketing.

B.Theyhardlyaffectpeople’sfoodchoices.

C.Theyareunlikelytofoolwisecustomers.

D.Theyfinallydecreasepeople’spurchasedesire.

13.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphbasicallyserveas

A.Anargument.B.Anexample.C.Acomparison.D.Acomment.

14.WhichstatementwillBiswasprobablyagreewith

A.Thebraincan’ttellwheresensorypleasureisfrom.

B.Thesensesoftasteandsmellarecloselylinked.

C.Theinfluenceoffoodsmellschangesovertime.

D.Thebehaviorofsmellingfooddoesn’tequaleatingit.

15.Whichofthefollowingcouldthebesttitleforthetext

A.TrainYourBraintoResistJunkFood

B.WatchOutforTrickyMarketingTools

C.FoodAddictionIsNeverAboutWillpower

D.SmellingJunkFoodLongerCanKeepYouOffIt

【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明长时间闻垃圾食品的气味会降低消费者的购买欲望。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Itisaresponsethathasbeenresearched,andyou’dbetterbelieveyourfavoritefast-foodchainshavemarketingteamsthatareusingthatresearchtotheiradvantage.”（这种反应已经被研究，你最好相信你最喜欢的快餐连锁店的营销团队利用该研究为自身谋利。）可知，垃圾食品公司知道他们产品的气味会激起人们的购买欲望，在营销中也会利用这一特点谋利。故选A。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段首句“Let’stakeacloserlookatthisprocess.”（让我们仔细看看这个过程。）并结合下文内容可知，本段以人们的切身经历为例，具体说明垃圾食品的气味对人们的购买行为产生的影响。故选B。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中最后一句“Theresultsofaseriesofexperimentsshowthatextendedexposureofmorethantwominutestojunkfoodsmellsleadstofewerpurchasesofunhealthyfoods”（一系列的实验结果表明，闻垃圾食品的气味超过两分钟会导致对不健康食品的购买欲降低）可知，Biswas发现闻垃圾食品的气味的时间变长，人们购买的欲望就降低，即：食物气味的影响会随着时间变长而改变，故选C。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第四段第二句“Extendedexposuretoanindulgentfoodsmellbringspleasureinthemind,whichinturnreducesthedesireforactualconsumptionofindulgentfoods”（延长闻放纵型食品的时长会给大脑带来满足，这种满足感会降低购买该种产品的欲望。）并结合上文实验结果可知，本文主要介绍的是长时间闻垃圾食品的气味会降低消费者的购买欲望。故选D。

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Somepeopleloveagreatthunderstorm;othersarefrightenedbythefirstflashoflightningorsoundofthunder.____16____Butthereareeasystepsyoucantaketoprotectyourhomeandyourlifefromlightning.

ProtectElectronicsfromSevereWeather

____17____Itcanfollowthewiresorphonelinesintoyourroom—ruiningcomputers,TVsandotherelectronics.Oneprotectionagainstelectronicsbeing“fried”bylightningissimplytounplugthemwheneverarainorastormiscoming.DisconnectInternetandsatellitedishconnectionsnomatterwheretheyare.

ReducetheRiskofFire

Lightningrods(避雷针)canprotectabuildingfromcatchingfire.____18____Theyjustprovideapathfortheelectricitytoreachthegroundmoresafely.Therodsatthetopofthebuildingareonlythefirstpartofagoodsystem.Whenlightningstrikes,theelectricityneedstomovetotheground.Wiresconductelectricityfromthelightningrodstometalrodsburiedintheground.____19____

UnderstandLightning

Whenlightninghitstheground,atree,atowerorevenabuilding,itmayalsospreadsalongtheground,sobeingnearsomethingthat’sstruckbylightningisalmostasdangerousasbeinghitdirectlybylightning.____20____TheEmpireStateBuildinggetsstruckbylightningaround20timeseveryyear.Itslightningrodprotectsthestructure,aswellasthepeopleinside.

A.Itcanevenstrikethesamespotmorethanonce.

B.Youmightwanttoconsiderprotectinganentirebuilding.

C.Whenthishappens,anythinginitspathcouldbeindanger.

D.Butthechanceoflightningstrikingyourhousedoesn’tchange.

E.Eachconnectionmustbesecuresolightningdoesn’tjumptothebuilding.

F.Lightninghittingyourroofornearbypowerlinesisterriblebutnotworst.

G.Whetheryouloveorhatethem,thunderstormsproducedangerouslightning.

【答案】16.G17.F18.D19.E20.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是说明文。本文介绍了人们在雷雨天气应如何确保自己和财产安全。

【16题详解】

根据上文“Somepeopleloveagreatthunderstorm;othersarefrightenedbythefirstflashoflightningorsoundofthunder.(有些人喜欢大雷雨；另一些人则会被第一道闪电或雷声吓到)”以及后文“Butthereareeasystepsyoucantaketoprotectyourhomeandyourlifefromlightning.(但你可以采取一些简单的措施来保护你的家和你的生活免受闪电的伤害)”可知，空前提到有些人喜欢雷雨天气，有些人却害怕闪电或雷声。空后又提到可采取一些简单的措施来保护你的家和你的生活免受闪电的伤害。G项中的“Whetheryouloveorhatethem”与前文相呼应，“thunderstormsproducedangerouslightning”说明了人们为什么需要采取措施以防受到伤害，与后文呼应。故G项“不管你喜欢还是讨厌雷暴，雷暴都会产生危险的闪电”符合语境。故选G。

【17题详解】

根据后文“Itcanfollowthewiresorphonelinesintoyourroom—ruiningcomputers,TVsandotherelectronics.(它可以跟随电线或电话线进入你的房间，破坏电脑、电视和其他电子产品)”可知，空后提到它会顺着电线或电话线进入你的家，毁坏电脑、电视和其他电子设备。由此可推断，空处应介绍闪电发生时的一种情况。F项提到“闪电击中了你家的屋顶或附近的输电线，这很糟糕但不是最坏的”，与空后一句描述的更糟糕的情况衔接。故选F。

【18题详解】

根据上文“Lightningrods(避雷针)canprotectabuildingfromcatchingfire.(避雷针可以防止建筑物着火)”以及后文“Theyjustprovideapathfortheelectricitytoreachthegroundmoresafely.(它们只是为电力更安全地到达地面提供了一条通道)”可知，空前提到避雷针能保护建筑物避免着火，空后提到它们只是为闪电提供了一条更安全到达地面的通道。再根据空后的just可推断，空处应指出了避雷针不能起到的作用。D项“但是闪电击中你的房子的概率不会改变”与上下文相衔接。故选D。

【19题详解】

根据上文“Wiresconductelectricityfromthelightningrodstometalrodsburiedintheground.(电线将电流从避雷针传导到埋在地下的金属棒)”可知，空前提到避雷针只是一个良好的安全系统的首要环节电缆将电从避雷针导入埋在地下的金属棒。由此可知，空处应与用电缆导电可能会带来的危险及应对措施有关。故E项“每处接头都必须安全以防闪电移动至建筑物上”承接上文。故选E。

【20题详解】

根据本段的小标题和空后“TheEmpireStateBuildinggetsstruckbylightningaround20timeseveryyear.Itslightningrodprotectsthestructure,aswellasthepeopleinside.(帝国大厦每年被闪电击中约20次。它的避雷针保护着建筑物，也保护着里面的人)”可知，空处应与同一个地方可能多次被闪电击中有关。本句是对下文现象的概括描述，A选项中的“morethanonce”与下文的“around20times”相照应，故A项“它甚至可以击中同一个地点不止一次”符合语境。故选A。

第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

WhenIwasinprimaryschool,myschoolhadanannualsportsday.Usually,girlswere____21____insportslikejumpropeandboysdidthehighjump,whichIwas____22____totakepartin.Iwentto____23____up,butthecoachsaid,“Girlsdon’tdothehighjump.”

Iwenthomeand____24____Momofthecoach’swords.Shevisitedtheheadmasterthenextday.“Mr.White,Lindawantstodothehighjump.”“Sorry,Mrs.Martinez,butit’sour____25____thatgirlscan’tdoit,”hesaid.“ButMr.White,Ihaveno____26____ofanyrulessayingthat.”Findingnosuchrules,Mr.White,feeling____27____,said“Ihavetoconsiderit”atlast.

Whenwegothome,MomtoldmesomethingIwouldalways____28____:Thiswasn’tjustaboutme.Othergirls____29____wantedtodothis,too.Aweeklater,MomwenttoMr.Whiteagain.Finally,he_____30_____.Asitturnedout,Iwonthehighjumpcompetition.Tomy_____31_____,someofthecheersIgotwerefromboys!Mymotherwas_____32_____—itwasn’taboutme.Itwasaboutmakingpeople_____33_____andseewhatgirlscoulddo.Later,Iusedthis_____34_____inmycareerasabuildingcontractor—womenweren’t_____35_____toconstructbuildings.WhenIfirst_____36_____thebusiness,Momsaid,“Goahead.Startsmall,butthink_____37_____.”Istartedwithsmallprojectsandnowmycompanycanhandlelargeones.

Thoseexperiencestaughtmethoughpeoplewouldn’talways_____38_____us,weshouldbebravetojumpover_____39_____andtakepathsfewgirlsandwomenwouldtake.Andthishasreallymadea_____40_____.

21.A.interestedB.involvedC.skilledD.gifted

22.A.anxiousB.hesitantC.readyD.afraid

23.A.buildB.fixC.makeD.sign

24.A.remindedB.informedC.convincedD.warned

25.A.conventionB.conclusionC.compromiseD.criterion

26.A.opinionB.senseC.knowledgeD.intention

27.A.concernedB.annoyedC.discouragedD.embarrassed

28.A.rememberB.undertakeC.considerD.seek

29.A.accidentallyB.obviouslyC.probablyD.rarely

30.A.insistedB.agreedC.declinedD.quit

31.A.satisfactionB.delightC.reliefD.surprise

32.A.certainB.wrongC.rightD.realistic

33.A.thinkaboutB.argueaboutC.approveofD.talkof

34.A.ruleB.remarkC.truthD.lesson

35.A.demandedB.qualifiedC.supposedD.designed

36.A.madewayforB.setfootinC.threwlightonD.kepttrackof

37.A.bigB.hardC.longD.deep

38.A.helpB.mindC.acceptD.need

39.A.polesB.fencesC.risksD.boundaries

40.A.pointB.differenceC.startD.hit

【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.B25.A26.C27.D28.A29.C30.B31.D32.C33.A34.D35.C36.B37.A38.C39.D40.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。通过自己参加学校运动会和创业的经历告诉我们：要勇于打破界限，胸怀大志，从小事做起。

【21题详解】

考查形容词短语辨析。句意：通常，女孩子参加跳绳之类的运动，男孩子（参加）跳高，我很想参加跳高。A.(be)interested(in)对……感兴趣；B.(be)involved(in)参与；C.(be)skilled(in)擅长；D.(be)gifted(in)在……方面有天赋。根据下文“Girlsdon’tdothehighjump.”可推知，在学校里通常女孩参与跳绳之类的运动，不参与跳高，beinvolvedin“参与”符合语境。故选B。

【22题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常，女孩子参加跳绳之类的运动，男孩子（参加）跳高，我很想参加跳高。A.anxious渴望的；B.hesitant犹豫的；C.ready准备好的；D.afraid害怕的。根据下文“Lindawantstodothehighjump”可知，渴望参加跳高项目。故选A。

【23题详解】

考查动词短语辨析。句意：我去报名，但教练说：“女生不跳高。”A.build(up)建立；B.fix(up)修理；C.make(up)组成，构成；D.sign(up)报名。根据下文“…butthecoachsaid,“Girlsdon’tdothehighjump.”可知，教练拒绝参加跳高项目，所以应该是去报名了。故选D。

【24题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回到家，把教练的话告诉了妈妈。A.reminded提醒；B.informed告知；C.convinced使确信；D.warned使警惕。根据下文“Momofthecoach’swords”可推知，应该是被教练的话告诉了妈妈。故选B。

【25题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“对不起，马丁内斯太太，但我们的惯例是女孩不能这样做。”A.convention惯例；B.conclusion结论；C.compromise妥协（或折中）方案；D.criterion标准。根据上文“Usually,girlswere____1____insportslikejumpropeandboysdidthehighjump”可知，此处指校长说女生不参加跳高是学校的惯例。故选A。

【26题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，怀特先生，我不知道有什么规定这么说。A.opinion看法；B.sense理解力；C.knowledge知道；D.intention目的。根据下文“ofanyrulessayingthat”可推知，的妈妈应该是和校长说不知道有女生不参加跳高的规定，knowledge“知道”符合语境，havenoknowledgeof是固定短语，意为“不知道”。故选C。

【27题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：怀特先生发现没有这样规定，感到很尴尬，最后说了“我必须考虑一下”。A.concerned担心的；B.annoyed恼怒的；C.discouraged沮丧的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“Findingnosuchrules”可知，校长发现没有这样的规定，所以应该会感到尴尬。故选D。

【28题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到家后，妈妈对我说了一些我永远不会忘记的话：这不仅仅是我一个人的事。A.remember记得；B.undertake承担；C.consider仔细考虑；D.seek谋求。根据下文“Thiswasn’tjustaboutme”和后来的经历可推知，一直记着妈妈说的话。故选A。

【29题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：其他女孩可能也想这么做。A.accidentally偶然地；B.obviously显然；C.probably可能；D.rarely很少。根据上文“Thiswasn’tjustaboutme”可知，妈妈认为这件事不仅关乎一个人，所以应该是其他女孩可能也想这么做。故选C。

【30题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，他同意了。A.insisted坚持；B.agreed同意；C.declined拒绝；D.quit放弃。根据下文“Iwonthehighjumpcompetition”可知，赢了跳高比赛，所以校长最终应该是同意了。故选B。

【31题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，我得到的一些欢呼来自男孩！A.satisfaction满意；B.delight高兴；C.relief宽慰；D.surprise惊讶。根据下文“someofthecheersIgotwerefromboys”可知，作为女生的在参加跳高比赛获胜时有男生为其欢呼，这应该会令感到惊讶。故选D。

【32题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈是对的，这和我无关。A.certain确定的；B.wrong错误的；C.right对的；D.realistic实际的。根据下文“itwasn’taboutme”可知，认为妈妈之前说的话是对的。故选C。

【33题详