高一定语从句详细讲解课件

定语从句theattributiveclause定语从句theattributiveclause1DiscussionWhataretheywearing?Canyoudescribetheteamusingattributives?DiscussionWhataretheywearin2theredteam2.theteaminred3.theteamwhoarewearingredAttributivestheredteamAttributives3AttributiveclauseQuestion:Whichisanattributiveclause?Theredteam2.Theteaminred3.TheteamwhoarewearingredprepositionalphraseattributiveclauseadjectiveAttributiveclauseQuestion:W4IntroductionAnattributiveclausemodifiesanouninthesamewaythatanadjectiveorprepositionalphrasedoes.Thenounitmodifiesiscalledanantecedent.eg.

TheteamwhoarewearingredIntroductioneg.Theteamwhoa5RelativesTheattributiveclausesareusuallyintroducedbyrelativepronslikewhich,that,who,whom，asandwhose,orrelativeadverbslikewhere,whyandwhen.RelativesTheattributiveclaus6Intheattributiveclausestherelativewordsusuallyfunctionasthe:subject,object,predicative,attribute,adverbialFunctionseg.

TheteamwhoarewearingredsubjectIntheattributiveclausesthe7被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句置于先行词之后，一.定语从句概述在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。关系代词:关系副词:that,which,who,whom,as,whosewhen,where,why1.定义:2.位置:由关系代词或关系副词引导。3.引导词:被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，一.定语从句概述在复合句中，修8二.定语从句的分类限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定,区分的作用,并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，如果省去，剩下的部分意义就会不完整或不清楚。对先行词作进一步的说明和描述,如果省去,剩余仍然意义完整,表达清楚。非限制性定语从句的前后往往有逗号隔开。二.定语从句的分类限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句:对先行词9MybrotherwholivesinNewYorkhassixchildren.Mybrother,wholivesinNewYork,hassixchildren.（可能还有其他兄弟）（只有这一个兄弟）Thosewhowanttogopleaseputupyourhands.They’llflytoKunming,wherethey’llstayfortwoorthreedays.注意：that不能引导非限制性定语从句。MybrotherwholivesinNewYo10注意：◆先行词是定语从句的一部分，但不会出现在定语从句中，常常被关系词所替代。◆关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用;同时又代替先行词在从句中充当成分。注意：◆关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作11a.Theyplantedthetrees.b.Thetreesdon’tneedmuchwater.Theyplantedthe

trees

that/which

don’tneedmuchwater.2.a.Thestoryisveryinteresting.b.Tomreadthestoryjustnow.The

story

that/whichTomreadjustnowisveryinteresting.3.Thevillageisnolongerthe

one

that

itusedtobe.主语宾语表语a.Theyplantedthetrees.They123.a.Canyouseethewhitehouse?b.Itswindowsfacesouth.Canyouseethe

white

house

whose

windowsfacesouth?4.a.TheboyisJane’sbrother.b.Hebrokethewindowlastnight.The

boy

whobrokethewindowlastnightisJane’sbrother定语主语3.a.Canyouseethewhiteho135.a.Thegirlisafamousactor.b.Wemetthegirlinthegym.The

girl

whomwemetinthegym

isafamousactor.6.a.Thisistheschool.b.Itaughtintheschool3yearsago.Thisistheschool

whereItaught3yearsago.宾语地点状语5.a.Thegirlisafamousact147.a.Istillremembertheday.b.WecametoChinaonthatday.Istillremembertheday

whenwecametoChina.8.a.Thisisthereason.b.Hewaslateforclassforthatreason.Thisisthereason

whyhewaslateforclass.时间状语原因状语7.a.Istillremembertheday15三.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词which,that,who,whom在

定语从句中代替先行词,作主语或宾语;

whose在从句中充当定语三.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词which,that16

1.that:在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物.作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。1)Aplaneisamachine

that

canfly.

2)The

noodles(that)

Icookedweredelicious.3)Let’sasktheman

thatisreadingthebookoverthere.4)Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.主语宾语主语宾语注意；当先行词指物时，that可用which替代,当先行词指人时，that常用whom替代that前不可放入介词；有时可作表语。1.that:在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物.1)A172.which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语作宾语时which可省略,但如果介词提前which则不能省.1)Thatanimal

whichlookslikeabigmouseisLee’s.2)AweeklaterMikereceivedthecamera

(which)shehadordered.3)Isthisthelibrary

(which)youborrowbooksfrom?4)Isthisthelibrary

fromwhichyouborrowbooks?2.which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语1)Th183.who:指人,在从句中作主语,不可省略

whom:指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略（如果介词提前，whom不可省略)Theman

who

Italkedwithisourteacher.Aperson

whostealsthingsiscalledathief.注意：在口语中，常可用who来代替whom,但介词后不能用who,只能用whom.Theman

(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.Theman

towhomItalkedisMrLi.3.who:指人,在从句中作主语,不可省略Them194.whose:指从属关系,在定语从句中作定语,先行词可以是人，也可以是物。

Eg.Theboy

whosemotherteachesus

ChineseisJack.Haveyouseenadictionarywhose

coverisblue?注意：whose+n=the+n.+ofwhich或=ofwhich+the+n.Thehousewhoseroofwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.thecoverofwhichisblueofwhichtheroofwas..4.whose:指从属关系,在定语从句中作定语,E20引导限制性定语从句时,既可指人,也可指物,在句中可作主语和宾语。但先行词必须有such或thesame或用于as/so…as结构中。5.关系代词as用法：eg.Suchteachersasheknowsarekindtohim.Iwanttobuythesamepenasyouareusing.Hecanliftsoheavyastoneasnooneelsecan.Hewillmarryasprettyagirlashecanfind.Letkidsreadsuchbooksaswillmakethemwise.引导限制性定语从句时,既可指人,也可指物,在句中可作主语21关系代词指代充当成分whichthatwhowhomwhoseas物物人主语宾语人主语人宾语人/物的所属关系定语人/物主语/宾语关系代词指代充当成分whichwhowhomwhoseas物22巩固练习用两个简单句用定语从句来改写成一个句子。巩固练习用两个简单句用定语从句来改写成一个句子。23a.Onhiswebsite,wesawsomephotos.b.Mr.LitookthesephotosinEurope.OnMr.Li’swebsitewesawsomephotos

that/which

hetookinEurope.2.a.OnthewayhomeIsawsometrees.b.Theirleaveswereeatenupbyinsects.

OnthewayhomeIsawsometrees

whoseleaveswereeatenupbyinsects宾语定语a.Onhiswebsite,wesawsome243.a.Themanisstandingoverthere.b.Themanhitmehardjustnow.Themanwho

hitmehardjustnowisstandingoverthere.4.a.Whereisthebook?b.Iboughtthebook4daysago.

Whereisthebookwhich/thatIbought4daysago.主语宾语3.a.Themanisstandingover255.a.Theboyisourmonitor.b.MrGreenistalkingtohim.Theboytowhom

Mr.Greenistalking

isourmonitor.宾语Theboywho/whom/that

Mr.Greenistalkingtoisourmonitor.6.a.Pleasepassmethebook.b.Itscoverisgreen.Pleasepassmethebook

whosecoverisgreen.定语5.a.Theboyisourmonitor.T267.a.Manyyoungmenprefersuchsongs.b.ThosesongsaresungbytheiridolsManyyoungmenprefersuchsongs

asaresungbytheiridols8.a.Ilikethepen.b.ThepenwasgiventomeasagiftbyTom.Ilikethepen

which/thatwasgiventomeasagiftbyTom.主语主语7.a.Manyyoungmenprefersu27PracticeTheman_________standsthereisTom.Thegirl____________ImetisMsLi.Theboy________watchwaslostisTom.Thebook_________liesonthedeskishis.Thepen___________youboughtisgood.Themagazine________coverisredisnice.who/that(whom/that)whosewhich/that(which/that)whosePracticeTheman_________stand28Ex1(09湖南26)

IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity______namewillcreatapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whoseDEx2(04上海)Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_____theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.as C.aboutwhichD.withwhom

DEx1(09湖南26)DEx2(04上海)American29Ex3.Asateacher,Iseldomgivemystudentssodifficultaproblem_____theycannotworkout.A.thatB.itC.whichD.asDEx4(09天津5)

Aperson_____e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanyemails.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoeverCEx3.Asateacher,Iseldomgiv30Ex5(06福建22)

Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse____roofisunderrepair.A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.thatAEx6.(05浙江2)

Jimpassedthedrivingtest,____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.itAEx7.(05北京)Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm____wevisited3mothsago?A.whereB.whenC.thatD.whatCEx5(06福建22)Lookout!Don’tg31Ex8.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone____familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whom C.whoseD.ofwhose

CEx9.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.tothatB.towhichC.towhoD.towhomDEx8.Hisparentswouldn’tleth32II.几种特殊情况1.which/that的用法区别只能用that引导定语从句的情况只能用which引导定语从句的情况2.who/that的用法区别3.which/as的用法区别4.theway引导的定语从句的考查II.几种特殊情况1.which/that的用法区331.which,that的用法比较

which,that都可用来指物，一般情况下可互换，但在下列情况下有不同要求：1.which,that的用法比较which,th34▲1).在下列情况中,只能用that,不用which：①当先行词是all,alot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等不定代词时Eg.Allthatwehavetodoistopracticeiteveryday.②当先行词被all,any,no,much,little,few,some,every等限定词所修饰时。如：

Weheardclearlyeveryword

thathesaid.▲1).在下列情况中,只能用that,不用which：35③当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。The

first

thingthatshouldbedone

istogetthetickets.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,

thefirst

thatcomestomind

istheWestLake.④当先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast等所修饰时。如：Thisisthe

very

book

that

Iwanttofind.ThatisthelastthingthatI’lldo.③当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。36⑤当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰时，如：Isthat

thebest

thatyoucando?That’s

themostexpensive

hotel

thatwe’veeverstayedin.Thisnovelis

thesecondbestone

thatIhaveeverread.⑤当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰时，如：37⑥当先行词既有人又有物时Theguestsspokehighlyof

thechildrenandtheirperformances

that

theysawattheChildren’sPalace.⑦当主语是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时,用that避免重复。如：Which

isthe

car

that

killedtheboy?Whoisthemanthat

issittingthere?⑧或充当从句的表语时Eg.They’renolongerthementhattheyused

tobe.

⑥当先行词既有人又有物时⑧或充当从句的表语时38▲2)只用which作关系代词的场合：①关系词前有介词，只用which。Eg.Thisisthetopicabout

whichwe

havetalkedalot.②引导非限制性定语从句，which可代表先行词或前句，译成‘‘这一点，这件事’’。Eg.Tomcame,whichmadeushappy.③当先行词是that,those时,引导词用which。Eg.Whatisthatwhichwasputinthecar?▲2)只用which作关系代词的场合：③当先行词是that39Ex1(05浙江卷).Jimpassedthedrivingtest,______surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A．whichB．that C．thisD．itEx2(04北京春季)Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout______wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.whichADEx1(05浙江卷).Jimpassedthedr40▲在下列情况中,只能用who,不用that：2.who,that指代人时的用法比较①当先行词是one,ones,anyone,he,those时Thosewho

daretobreakthelawwillbepunished.Anyonewhodoesthatmustbemad.②用于therebe结构中Thereisamanwhowantstoseeyou.③who可引导非限制性定语从句。He,

wholedthecountry,wasshotonApril14.▲在下列情况中,只能用who,不用that：2.wh41PracticeThisisthebestfilm_______I’veseen.Thatisthelastlesson______Igaveyou.Thisistheverybook______I’mafter.Thatisjustthecoat______colorisred.Thatistherightplace______heworks.Istillremembertheschoolsandboys______Imetthere.(that)(that)(that)whosewhere(that)PracticeThisisthebestfilm427.Everything______yousaidistrue.8.Whichisthebook_____youwant?9.Whoisthegirl______sitsthere.10.All_____hesaidistrue.11.All_____issaidbyhimistrue.12.Arethereanyproblems____troubleyou?(that)(that)that(that)thatthat7.Everything______yousaid43巩固练习：用关系代词填空Hisparentswouldn’tlethimplaywithanyone_____scoreswerepoor.2.Thereisonlyonedishonthetable____Iwanttoeat.whosethat3.Suchopinions_____heholdssoundverystrangetoordinarypeople.4.Sheheardabignoise,_____broughtherheartintohermouth.aswhich巩固练习：用关系代词填空Hisparentswouldn445.Shetalkedofsomemenandworks_____interestedherverymuch.that6.Whoistheman_____haswhitehair?that7.Those_____learnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.who8.Thisisthebiggestmap_____Ihaveeverread.that9.Wearefacingthesameproblem_____wedidyearsago.as5.Shetalkedofsomemenand4510.InthisfactoryIsawmuch_____wasdifferentfromours.that11.Thefirstlesson_____Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.that12.Ihavereadallthebooks_____yougaveme.that13.Whichofus_____knowssomethingaboutphysics?that14.He_____doesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.who10.InthisfactoryIsawmuch463.theway引导的定语从句Idon’tliketheway.Youtreatyourmotherinthisway.→Idon’tlikethewaythatyou

treatyourmother.inwhich/不填3)Thisistheway.4)Thegirlcanthinkoftheway.→Thisistheway(that/which)thegirlcanthinkof.3.theway引导的定语从句Idon’tlike47Ex1.(04湖北29)Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.A.theway B.inthewaythat C.inthewayD.thewaywhichEx2.Thisisnottheway____ishelpfulinthismatter.A./B.whichC.inwhichD.whatAB▲theway后的定语从句用inwhich或that还是用that/which主要看其在从句中充当主语或宾语还是方式状语。Ex1.(04湖北29)Whatsurprisedme484.注意thesame…that/thesame…as的区别当先行词被

thesame

所修饰时,关系词既可以用

as,也可以用that.在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用

as，表示同一事物多用

that。ThisisthesamepenthatIusedyesterday

这就是我昨天用过的那支钢笔。Thisis

thesamepen

asIusedyesterday.这支钢笔跟我昨天用过的那支钢笔一样。4.注意thesame…that/thesam49ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.

ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.▲thesame…that…：

thesame…as…：

强调同一性强调相似性ThisisthesamewatchasIl505.注意such…as定语从句与such…that结果状语从句的区别Thisbookiswrittenin

sucheasyEnglish

as

beginnerscanunderstand.Thisbookiswrittenin

such

easyEnglish

that

beginnerscanunderstandit.定语从句结果状语从句such/so…as:as要在从句中充当主语或宾语such/so…that:that不在从句中充当成分5.注意such…as定语从句与such…that定语从句51Heissocleveraboythatwealllikehim.Heissocleveraboyaswealllike.结果状语从句定语从句Heissuchacleverboythatwealllikehim.Heissuchacleverboyaswealllike.结果状语从句定语从句Heissocleveraboythatwe52Ex1.Heissuchalazyman_____nobodywantstoworkwith______.as;himB.that;/C.as;/D.whom;himCEx2.MrsBlacktookthepolicebackto_____place_____shewitnessedtherobbery.A.thesame;asB.thesame;whereC.thesame;thatD.asthesame;asBEx1.Heissuchalazyman____536.as与which引导非限制性定从的区别▲不同点：(1)as:引导的非限制定语从句可放在主句之前,主句句后或主句之间。

which：引导的非限制定语从句只能位于主句之后。▲相同点：两者都可引导非限制性定语从句,

代表前面主句整个句子或部分内容。6.as与which引导非限制性定从的区别▲不同点54Chinaisagreatsocialistcountry,asweallknow.Asisknowntoall,Robertisgoodatmaths.Einstein,asweallknow,isafamousscientist.Hesoldhisbike,whichsurprisedmealot.Chinaisagreatsocialistco55(2)as:引导的从句往往起连接上下文的作用,表达说话人的观点，看法；并指出主句内容的根据或出处。‘‘正如’’

which:引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句,可用andthis代替,译作‘‘这件事’’。

Eg.Heisverycareful,as

hisworkshows.Hepassedtheexam,which

surprisedus.(2)as:引导的从句往往起连接上下文的作56(3)as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动态,且as后面的谓语动词多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report等;如果从句中行为动词是主动态,一般用which。Eg.

Shehasbeenabsentagain,asisexpected.Tomhasmaderapidprogress,whichmakesmehappy.(4)当非限制性定语从句为否定时,常用which.Eg.MrSmithusuallypraiseshisstudentRoseinpublic,whichshedoesn’tlikeatall.Shetreatsmelikeababy,whichIcan’tbear.(3)as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动态,且57as常用于以下固定结构中：asweallknow=asisknowntoallaseverybodyknowsasweallcanseeasoftenhappensashasbeenpointedoutasmightbeimagined/expectedashasbeensaidabove/beforeasisoftenthecase,thesame…assuch…asas常用于以下固定结构中：58Ex1.(06江苏29）Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,_____meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.A.whoB.thatC.asD.whichDEx2.(04江苏33）_____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.AsC.WhenD.WhatBEx1.(06江苏29）DEx2.(04江苏33）____59Ex3(01全国).

_____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.whatBEx4(05浙江)._____Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.A.WhenB.AfterC.AsD.WhichCEx3(01全国).BEx4(05浙江)._____60四.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词when,where,why在定语

从句中代替先行词,作状语,不可省略.

有时根据不同情况可用‘‘适当介词+which’’代替。四.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词when,where,61关系副词指代物充当成分when(=at/in/on…which)

where(=in/at…which)why(=forwhich)

时间名词时间状语地点名词地点状语原因:reason原因状语关系副词指代物充当成分whenwherewhy时间名621.当先行词具有“时间意义”的名词(如time,day,spring,week,year等),则可考虑when引导定语从句。when在从句中作时间状语。但前提是：定语从句中不缺少主语，宾语。Tellmethetimewhenthetrainleaves.=atwhichIstillrememberth