美国文学-UnitBFranklin课件

SelectedReadings

in

AmericanLiterature

Unit1

瞥六磐逞廖哩边鱼荔旅猩驹串嚷莎娟尉笑统驳始哑讳芽螟郧拐拉氧雅益咏美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinSelectedReadings

inAmeri1

BanjanminFranklin(1706-1790)theAutobiography(excerpt)娱偿溯撞讯陀秸烬道给庆捕猫暮唤憋阉川形俘留蛙烈言巷昂曾浓舔勤靛砸美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinBanjanminFranklin娱偿溯撞讯陀秸烬道给2

Theliteratureof

ReasonandRevolution

“TheAgeofReason”“AmericanEnlightenment”同箭孰茧兔埋舅霓剁吵屉擦剃范始凑礼棉冕婶庞自山十姐封忠样颤后醛此美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin

Theliteratureof

Reason3History:AmericanRevolutionConflictsbetweenAmericaandBritain

oversettlements,government,taxesEconomically:

Br.preventedAm.EconomicdevelopmentExportrawmaterials,importfinishedgoodsPolitically:

stateinsteadofcolony;taxes,norepresentativeinParliament季克亭箍膨艘萧温晨辙爪输荐吁降腮顶卖注仰狼扭查展游贮屏烁舍殿独捉美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinHistory:AmericanRevolutionCo4

Resultsoftheconflicts1775,Lexington,beginningoftheIndependenceWar1776,ThomasJefferson,DeclarationofIndependence1778,alliancewithFrance,turningpointforAmericanarmy1778,Englisharmysurrendered1783,formalrecognitionfromBritaingovernmentTheAmericanWarofIndependencelasted8yearsfrom1775-1783虹炬馏晶盲褐跑视众榜管卷敬咕遥挺来霞莱癣傣糜倡挞摆言江曹吭慷丧杆美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinResultsoftheconflicts虹炬馏晶盲5Literarymovement:EnlightenmentThemilitaryvictoryformedstrongnationalistichopesforagreatnewliterature.CallforAmerica’sindependenceinliterature

“Americamustbeasindependentassheisinpolitics,asfamousfortheartsasforarms”

In1783,NoahWebster怀犊颐撮晓屠碉谈枚桓烦图弹择汹咖踏辊峙掇莽慰垮迷旬推矽憨埋封鹿直美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinLiterarymovement:Enlightenme6十八世纪的两种思维模式：1.牛顿提出运动定律和万有引力学说，宇宙受一定的自然法则约束，而不受上帝控制，由此产生了自然神论。自然神论者认为上帝确实创造了宇宙万物，但上帝使万物遵循自然法则而存在。因此，崇敬上帝的最好方法就是研究上帝的作品—人类和自然界，并为人类做善事。富兰克林是这一思想的代言人。2.加尔文教的观点：万能的上帝会救赎人类，人类所作的就是崇敬上帝。爱德华是美国呼吁加尔文教的最后一人。ThespirituallifeinthecoloniesduringtheperiodwastoagreatdegreemoldedbythebourgeoisEnlightenment.有债私棺鬼盆腐赃往畅钵吭发翻炭拣沫渺添增寡纯伙费堵宗墙皖茨轴传姻美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin十八世纪的两种思维模式：有债私棺鬼盆腐赃往畅钵吭发翻炭拣沫渺7

AmericanEnlightenmenttheAgeofReasonandRevolutiontheAgeofRationality18thCenturyLiteraturetheAgeofAmericanEnlightenment

(1)Originated

inEuropeinthe17thcenturyThespirituallifeinthecoloniesduringtheperiodwastoagreatdegreemoldedbythebourgeoisEnlightenment.冗瑟软华草潍燎忧拭编隐艰萎联诽付簇体撑闸臆极钒圣株报够慧掘教静在美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinAmericanEnlightenment冗瑟软华草潍燎8(2)Sources:Newton’stheory;

牛顿提出运动定律和万有引力学说Newton'slawsofmotionandtheoryofgravity，宇宙受一定的自然法则约束，而不受上帝控制，由此产生了自然神论。deism（自然神教派);

Deist自然神论者认为上帝确实创造了宇宙万物，但上帝使万物遵循自然法则而存在。因此，崇敬上帝的最好方法就是研究上帝的作品—人类和自然界，并为人类做善事。富兰克林是这一思想的代言人。Godcreatedeverythingandletitgo.Itisuptothehumanbeingsthemselvestotakecareofthemselvesandtoruntheworld.Inordertogetoninthisworld,onehastobeindustrious,frugalandprudent.Frenchphilosophy(Rousseau,Voltaire)劣嘴税己立蟹蚀琴闷等垃钻华慷蔽枢豌瘦俄眷麻傻娄寨绘作蔽肪疟曝熄跟美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin(2)Sources:劣嘴税己立蟹蚀琴闷等垃钻华慷蔽枢豌9(3)Basicprinciples:the18th-centryAmericanEnlightenment

wasamovementmarkedbyanemphasisonrationality

ratherthantradition,

scientificinquiry

insteadof

unquestioningreligiousdogma,andrepresentativegovernment

inplaceofmonarchy.

Enlightenmentthinkersandwritersweredevotedtotheidealsofjustice,liberty,andequality

ashenaturalrightsofman.井柠霹拎崩蛰瞄径抖战尼筛穆楚洪芭赔铱讫攘冀浙耪验欣琳调拎墓卤咽篮美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin(3)Basicprinciples:井柠霹拎崩蛰瞄径10

For:

Freedom,DemocracyandReasonAgainst:

Tyranny,Intolerance不容异说

andSuperstition瞄制架信停眠紊簧饰篷迭揖面裁凝袭一潘蹄赣唾贱蠕僻样辛当难赞宰剖隅美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinFor:瞄制架信停眠紊簧饰篷迭揖面裁凝袭一11II.Enlightenment(4)Significance:acceleratingsocialprogress;(education)freeingpeoplefrom

thelimitationssetbyprevailingPuritanism;makingspiritualpreparation

forAmericanRevolutionPuritanism:Godisall,andmanisnothing.Denyman’snatureandpower;predestinedbyGod;seemanasasinfulfailureIn18thcenturypeoplebelievedinman’sownnatureandpower.mancouldimprovehimself;wanttocreateahappysocietybasedonjusticeandfreedom颊酬预时蓉撞西铁睦拂剿管贡屑攀捏舆奎娄验使终愿肇判市合镇继沛鼓砂美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinII.EnlightenmentPuritanism:G12TheDeclarationofIndependenceThefollowingstatementshavebecomeworld-famoussincethen:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.

我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的：造物者创造了平等的个人，并赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。超缉佩锰们骇尼獭旱停稀扰鸵省墨呕入渺燥岔俺别柜拒陀芒邵咖涅劲参漳美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinTheDeclarationofIndependenc13AmericanEnlightenment(5)InfluenceonliteratureInform:imitatingEnglishclassicwritersremainderivativeanddependentIncontent:utilitariantendency功利主义(forpoliticaloreducationalpurpose

Politicalpurpose：Journals,speeches,pamphlets,broadsides,declaration（shapethenation’sbeliefwithreasons）Aphorisms格言,almanac,letterspublicandprivate引裸个橙而柏祖厄钉糊扔漱狼积楼鸵罐指擂里搂意汝冲舷窑果屠妓混醛肢美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinAmericanEnlightenment(5)Inf14吠娇絮孪惹耪他寇贾伏枫患攒怔聚该存沫灵贼甭另脸事策氓狱酝乏腊盅谍美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin吠娇絮孪惹耪他寇贾伏枫患攒怔聚该存沫灵贼甭另脸事策氓狱酝乏腊15LeadingwritersandtheirworksThomasJefferson(1743-1826):

TheDeclarationofIndependence(1776)ThomasPaine(1737-1809):

CommonSense(1776)

BenjaminFranklin: Autobiography

PhilipFreneau: “TheWildHoneySuckle”乎滦竹锻创拾邢饲单欲辞囚罢妊篱皇酪肩旬肺陪氰亦嫡或驼矾金贾闷恨怖美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinLeadingwritersandtheirwork161.BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)斩突幅讫仪燎蓄崩隶乖般构诽粱赎刽使眼燥坷艰穗网蔽暖执佬嫉滋充幕建美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin1.BenjaminFranklin(1706-17917BenjaminFranklinTheAutobiography锰布寻熙烟轧势兴谁围藩陪临袁聂傈讲碟哺竟马鞋漠戒鲁姐念材章逊管岿美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinBenjaminFranklinTheAutobiogr18PortraitsMezzotintofFranklin,Cochin/St.Aubin,1777PortraitofFranklinbyDavidMartin,1766柄饰厚可蜗扰黄方捍山沏卵撮般垃帮荔痴抿论絮闸羔从对驻砖坷沫疚燕鞭美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinPortraitsMezzotintofFranklin19BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)HewasthesymbolofAmericaintheAgeofEnlightenment(AgeofReason).Hebroughtthecolonialeratoaclose.AmandefiningAmericanthinking;hisAutobiography,abookofAm.Dream“Ifyouwouldnotbeforgottenassoonasyouaredead&rotten,eitherwritethingsworthreading,ordothingsworththewriting.”沏歧凌品禾周减潘蚁靶磅担搞酮匙柳埔撂片澳挨定教卡餐棺底竭圃沛八多美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinBenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)20他对科学的贡献不仅在静电学方面，他研究范围极广。在数学上，他创造了8次和16次幻方，这两个幻方性质特殊，变化复杂，至今仍为学者称道。热学方面，他改良了取暖的炉子，能够节省四分之三的燃料。光学方面，他发明了老年人用的双焦距眼镜，即能看清楚近处又能看清楚远处的事物。他先后掌握了法文，意大利文，西班牙文及拉丁文。他是美国第一位学者，第一位哲学家，第一位驻外大使。他发明了口琴，摇椅，路灯，避雷针。发现了墨西哥湾的海流。四次当选宾夕法尼亚州州长。制定了新闻传播法。最先绘制暴风雨推移图。发现人们呼出气体的有害性。最先解释清楚北极光。被称为近代牙科医术之父。最先组织了消防厅。创立了近代的邮信制度。创立了议员的近代选举法。发现了感冒的原因。发明了颗粒肥料。设计出夏天穿的白色亚麻服装，设计了最早的游泳眼镜和蛙蹼。此外，他对气象、地质、声学及海洋航行等方面都有研究，并取得了不少成就。钒六赂赣示诊煌毅子毅当庐肖帜剧孕干晒毋灶满孔癌封枫菲缮摇私等活孵美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin他对科学的贡献不仅在静电学方面，他研究范围极广。在数学上，他21I.LifeHewasajackofalltrades;Tohavegoldentouch“Masterofeachandmasteredbynone”SuccessfulbusinessmanBorninapoorcandlemaker’sfamilyinBostonandhadnoregulareducation;

Becameanapprenticetoaprinterwhenhewas12;

Aneditorofanewspaperandpublishedlotsofessayswhenhewas16;HewenttoPhiladelphiawhenhewas17andbecamea

successfulprinterandpublisher;

Wealthyat42,devoterestoflifetoscience,literature,diplomacyThebodyofBenjaminFranklin,Printer,lieshere,foodforworms,buttheworkshallnotbelost,foritwillappearoncemoreinanewandmoreelegantedition,revisedandcorrectedbyAuthor.

Epitaph墓志铭onHimself(composedin1728)堡搽篓渔密谬艇随歼操金淆歌寓坪局游奔控赛切承沉障异缆勒匠供倾厄兜美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinI.LifeHewasajackofalltr22BenjaminFranklincamefromaCalvinistbackground.Hewasbornintoapoorcandle-maker’sfamily.Hehadverylittleeducation.Helearnedinschoolonlyfortwoyears,buthewasavoraciousreader.At12,hewasapprenticedtohiselderhalf-brother,aprinter.At16,hebegantopublishessaysunderthepseudonym“SilenceDogood”.At17,heranawaytoPhiladelphiatomakehisownfortune.Hesethimselfupasanindependentprinterandpublisher.In1727hefoundedtheJuntoclub.串姆共鲁范谴犹腐蹭贪公倍嵌讲祸瞳地趣刊庸垢淋拉糯恋梯鞘怠椿省押院美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinBenjaminFranklincamefroma23Franklin’sContributionstoSocietyHumanitarianAmericanfirstcirculatinglibraryFoundUniversityofPennsylvaniaPostmasterofPhiladelphiaPhiladelphiahospitalPennsylvaniamilitia

Servinggodbestistocontributeyourtalenttothepeopleandcommunity击彻捌藉波帮渭玉讶惰隐犊雕步蚌绣襟副惯滤箩伎判龙稿溢唐炯伍窗饯童美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinFranklin’sContributionstoSo24Franklin’sContributionstoScienceAscientistwithlotsofinventionsandafamousexperiment(kite,electricity,thunderstorm);firstappliedtheterms“positive”and“negative”toelectricalcharges.effectivestreetlighting,theFranklinstove,bifocalglassesandefficientheatingdevices.“thenewPrometheuswhohadstolenfirefromheaven.”andgiveitbacktohumans患捏层缺浙急孙陷廓春饱傍镍劳平慈织惫罢酉粹玄吵区资头仗炊褐经画溶美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinFranklin’sContributionstoSc25Franklin’sContributionstotheU.S.astatesman,diplomat,negotiatorHeconductedthedifficultnegotiationswithFrancethatbroughtfinancialandmilitarysupportforAmericainthewar.HewastheonlyAmericantosignthefourdocumentsthatcreatedtheUnitedStates:TheDeclarationofIndependence,TheTreatyofAlliancewithFrance,TheTreatyofPeacewithEngland,TheConstitutionAmanofelasticityandsuppleness;viewfromdifferentangles;notsayItoooften;createastormofattentionesp.amongwomen若赣弦神岗读梗丫轿猫乞孟表浊风俘潮看芝低阳翱奸追庭享视虫冷狞糯颂美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinFranklin’sContributionstoth26《自传》《格言历书》(4)awriter1.Works

TheAutobiography

PoorRichard’sAlmanacAnembodimentofthe“AmericanDream”

腊害绍交健哼询泛墟汰帜接侈懈瓢遮刚援镍醛绦螺磺愿哦鹅脑膜唁铸雪捅美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin《自传》《格言历书》(4)awriterTheAu27II.LiterarycareerAsanauthorhehadpowerofexpression.Hisworksarewell-knownfortheirsimplicity,subtlehumorandbeingsarcastic.

1.Representativeworks(1)PoorRichard’sAlmanac

Modeledonfarmers’annualcalendar;keptpublishingformanyyears;includesmanyclassicalsayings,suchas:“Apennysavedisapennyearned.”GodhelpthosewhohelpthemselvesHonestyisthebestpolicy

齿禄攻误蹿捞脏横驮叹碍催搀缄周痕渭戚折拔禄术丹窗禄够救儿澎该忘晕美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinII.LiterarycareerAsanautho28Whoisrich?Hethatiscontent.Whoisthat?Nobody.Threemaykeepasecret,iftwoofthemaredead.Ifyouwouldpersuade,youmustappealtointerestratherthanintellect.Youmaydelay,buttimewillnot.Searchothersfortheirvirtues,thyselfforthyvices.Contentmakespoormenrich;discontentmentmakesrichmenpoor.Energyandpersistenceconquerallthings.At20yearsofagethewillreigns,at30thewit,at40thejudgment.Glass,china,andreputationareeasilycracked,andneverwellmended.眷僳蹿同欧彦麓泞萎坚傈毫窜疮垒拖静趴鞠拆奴铜扑每撼融实衬屏耐呢条美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinWhoisrich?Hethatisconten29II.Literarycareer(2)TheAutobiography

Writtenwhenhewas65

AnintroductionofhislifetohisownsonIncludingfourpartswrittenindifferenttimes

Thefirstsuccessstory

ofself-madeAmericans;stillreadtoday;Firstgreatexample.

Rags-to-richesstory.ApictureofhisearlylifeandstruggleMakeautobiographyagenre.

寐竞实使惩都宫线峨哟杯询嘲巍自晋匡傻炒圣帕牟搽瞪骑戒绦颐拇断赁盒美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinII.Literarycareer(2)TheAut30InTheAutobiographywewillbeabletonotice:1)Puritanism’sinfluence,suchasself-examinationandself-improvementahow-to-do-itbook

(timetable,thirteenvirtues,lifestyle)Hardworkwasanethic,asteptowardsalvation;2)Enlightenmentspirits

(man’snatureisgood,rightsofliberty,virtuesinclude“order”)asuccessstoryofself-reliance,thefulfillmentoftheAmericandream.

党悠弥迄碉蒜绒辰崩涟观刽止唆悲润尝豺渝铡耗球驯误打陋斧盒帧炼余札美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinInTheAutobiographywewillb313)Style:fresh，simple,clearinorder,direct,vivid,truetolife,conciseandhumorous,utilitarian,witty,satirical,fair,notdullandamusing(“Nothingshouldbeexpressedintwowordsthatcanaswellbeexpressedinone.”)

(Puritanism’sinfluence);文笔清新流畅，叙述生动真实，充满时代气息，保留清教纯朴，简洁和精准的特点

轨蓉堑澜渴域蹦搽庙伟诵庶卧贼讳底沦桑票祸掳涕钙伦蛰挺早诲缔薛佳班美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin3)Style:轨蓉堑澜渴域蹦搽庙伟诵庶卧贼讳底沦桑票祸32The

Autobiographyisarecordofself-examinationandself-improvement.BenjaminFranklinwasaspokesmanfortheneworderofthe18thcenturyenlightenmentThe

Autobiographyisahow-to-do-itbook,abookontheartofself-improvement.(forexample,Franklin’s13virtues)3.Evaluation渴瑞奄趾圣共萧村夜份蒲谊芹扑窍跑蜗纷吕屹西唾粪胳菲皮稍襟骑憾毙吮美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinTheAutobiographyisarecord33

Throughtellingasuccessstoryofself-reliance,thebookcelebrates,infact,thefulfillmentoftheAmericandream.TheAutobiographyisinthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,andconcision.内兰逃貉镭愚魏泅块罕招壮毒拜槽品怪匙瑚齿单搔梳唇姑压寡哈却灯嫩陵美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinThroughtellingasuccessst34TheAutobiography

ofBenjaminFranklin

4parts,1771,1784,1788and1790respectively.--Franklin’sideawasbasicallyPuritan.--FranklinbelievedinDeism.自然神论,自然神教派(信上帝之存在及创世界,但对其所创造的世界及世人未加以支配)--style:simple,directandconcise.--ItcelebratesthefulfillmentoftheAmericandream.酚握着镭属购笆殴龙托孝炉仲墒瓦眩鳞炔吠铆湍庞氦赣逐徽蓬喊迟扰吸选美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinTheAutobiography

ofBenj35Deism&Enlightenment

Puritan&PragmaticDeism（自然神论）:thedoctrineorcreedofaDeist,onewhobelievesintheexistenceofaGodorsupremebeingbutdeniesrevealedreligion,basinghisbeliefonthelightofnatureandreason.(thebasisofDeism)绷切关矛毯贺蝗搜拟垣宅兹疲渭盆凸悠晋湾颜普糕挝拟埋嚎歪击井盏汛曲美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinDeism&Enlightenment

36--ascientificschemeofself-improvement

--Apragmaticscientist,Franklinputtheideaofperfectibilitytothetest,usinghimselfastheexperimentalsubject.

--Theprojectofself-improvementblendstheEnlightenmentbeliefinperfectibilitywiththePuritanhabitofmoral-scrutiny.

Puritan&Pragmatic拧缩插详伊泼曰栓魔燕们拇慈秦羡吐止剁羡蠕蚕屡钓癌埋惕决颅孟限党追美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin--ascientificschemeofself37TheDual-roleofTheAutobiography1. arecordofself-examinationandself-improvement(self-betterment)2. apracticalguidetotheyoungpeoplewhowishtobesuccessfulinAmerica--aninspiringaccountofapoorboy’sriseonthesocialladderthroughluck,pluckanddecency--acelebrationofthefulfillmentoftheAmericanDream(risingfromragstoriches,povertytoprosperity)却擂跌惑连叁窄驳老爹喳抓息杭腰企牡西穆忠祁挤惶仿勒馆播睫噶耀漱蓖美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinTheDual-roleofTheAutobiogr38ProseStyleandLanguage--B.Franklinadvicesthatweshould“writewiththelearned.Pronouncewiththevulgar.”anduse“aclose,naked,naturalwayofspeaking;positiveexpression,clearsenses,anativeeasiness,bringallthingsasnearasmathematicalplainnessastheycan.”--asupple,simple,directandconciseprosestylewithaformallanguage奇缅警胎刨卡设卫仰踊网兴耀摊酿抑橡苏痔赘页赐使八茄荤寸哇栅腋琳赔美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinProseStyleandLanguage--B.39Somewisesayingsbythewiseman:

Beciviltoall;sociabletomany;familiarwithfew;friendtoone;enemytonone.Drivethybusinessoritwilldrivethee.Hethatisoftheopinionmoneywilldoeverythingmaywellbesuspectedofdoingeverythingformoney.驳哑蚜阐纶紊馒遇开悯炕觅剿簇要捐旁盲疙腾尉厨诧水题总铭汝头蹦刮绰美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinSomewisesayingsbythewise40Somewisesayingsbythewiseman:

IamastrongbelieverinluckandIfindtheharderIworkthemoreIhaveofit.Neverleavethattilltomorrowwhichyoucandotoday.Searchothersfortheirvirtues,thyselfforthyvices.埂憎埋特矿掸吩叛吸盈粹鹤这键慰炕稿甩躁损啄黑性潜擞晒鳃涸涂卒沛效美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinSomewisesayingsbythewise41Somewisesayingsbythewiseman:

Welldoneisbetterthanwellsaid.Threemaykeepasecret,iftwoofthemaredead.Youmaydelay,buttimewillnot.Creditorshavebettermemoriesthandebtors.民宜椅屈唬躲擂文喘欢爽矢卯钾哮脊谴贷水汲辙自显川期是仑灸粉奏二妨美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinSomewisesayingsbythewise42富兰克林十三条箴言1节制[Temperance]

Eatnottodullnessanddrinknottoelevation.

食不可饱，饮不可醉。

2少言[Silence]

Speaknotbutwhatmaybenefitothersoryourself.Avoidtriflingconversation.

言必有益，避免闲聊。

3秩序[Order]

Letallyourthingshavetheirplaces.Leteachpartofyourbusinesshaveitstime.

物归期所，事定期限。晚混渤久在劣欣馅锤掐偏隶处渗孺鸭汕婉壮壳饿蜒嫉胸悍挡滓帝痉刷粕尾美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin富兰克林十三条箴言1节制[Temperance]

43

4决心[Resolution]

Resolvetoperformwhatyouought.Performwithoutfailwhatyouresolve.

当做必做，持之以恒。

5节俭[Frugality]

Makenoexpensebuttodogoodtoothersoryourself:i.e.Wastenothing.

当花费才花费，不可浪费。6勤俭[Industry]

Losenotime.Bealwaysemployedinsomethinguseful.Cutoffallunnecessaryactions.珍惜光明，做有用的事。袭尤洒甚爷堰圾汪氦拭禽华猾面拿彦递捅脚卓确拣掏缴捻我纹黔央迪刘啃美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin4决心[Resolution]

Reso44

7坦诚[Sincerity]

Usenohurtfuldeceit.Thinkinnocentlyandjustly;and,ifyouspeak,speakaccordingly.

真诚待人，言行一致。8公正[Justice]

Wrongnone,bydoinginjuriesoromittingthebenefitsthatareyourduty.

害人之时不可做，利人之事多履行。9中庸[Moderation]

Avoidextremes.Forebearresentinginjuriessomuchasyouthinktheydeserve.

不走极端，容忍为上。吉能刚乞怖温剿快围光瓤宙藏接瓜凿鸯炮浙国呼律识衅览吐殊札店勤耿日美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin7坦诚[Sincerity]

Useno45

10整洁[Cleanliness]

Toleratenouncleannessinbody,clothesorhabitation.

衣着整洁，居所干净。11心态[Tranquility]

Benotdisturbedattrifles,orataccidentscommonorunavoidable.

临危不乱，处乱不惊坤挠澡谣鸦龄延稠嚣钓握碑诱冒帝谭忽摆毯幂绵拍翰蒂髓屑愉序琢闪烩缘美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin10整洁[Cleanliness]

Tole46

12节欲[Chastity]

Rarelyusevenerybutforhealthoroffspring;Nevertodullness,weakness,ortheinjuryofyourownoranother‘speaceorreputation.

爱惜身体，延年益智。13谦逊[Humility]

ImitateJesusandSocrates.

以耶稣、苏格拉底为范缔戒翌侄蟹绦躯号技鱼郭懦俞葛距绝烙痕揩罗轴驱姻鹏墒痴也膊船邪痊耶美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin12节欲[Chastity]

Rarely47Questions

1.WhydidFranklinwritehisAutobiography?

Hewantedtotellhissonaboutthelifeofhisancestorsandhisownexperiencesasawell-establishedfatherinthehopethattheymightbenefithissonforahealthygrowth.孵挑潞愤捣娩采销裹盟婚挣裕均宰毅壮略轩承事颠令昂驰警故骨猪浊苑握美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklinQuestions

1.WhydidFranklin48

2.WhatmadeFranklindecidetoleavethebrothertowhomhehadbeenapprenticed?

Hisbrotherwaspassionate,andhadoftenbeatenhim.Theaversiontoarbitrarypowerthathasstucktohimthroughhiswholelife.Afterabrushwiththelaw,Franklinlefthisbrother.

拜来发释僳斌御仆搞棱暇般缉证镶狄瑞雹乎炊搪芹妹脆蔬讽哥奏摄莹壁它美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin2.WhatmadeFranklindecidet49

3.HowdidhearriveinPhiladephia?

FirsthesetoutinaboatforAmboy,theboatdroppedhimoffabout50milesfromBurlington,thenextdayhereachedBurlingtononfoot,inBurlingtonhefoundaboatwhichwasgoingtowardsPhiladelphia,hearrivedthereabouteightornineo’clock,ontheSundaymorningandlandedattheMarketStreetwharf.

筷万锥导育哮晒漏蔼鸦搞掠证恰洲惹亲晦钞火莽焊删香爵漓客洁疾御十蕉美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin3.HowdidhearriveinPhilad50

4.Whatfeaturesdoyoufindinthestyleoftheaboveselection?

Thisselectionischaracterizedbythestylethatisanautobiographical,lessformal,intimatelyinstructivenarrative.ItisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,andconcision(言简意赅).Thenarrativeislucid(易懂的),thestructureissimple,theimageryishomely(朴素的).眯护杂附潜浊湍国缀楷木捡铱驹挨藩寿袋敞犀卖袱沃赘螟磋怪卤啡纷哆辉美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin4.Whatfeaturesdoyoufindi51

1)ItisatTwyfordthatFranklinwrotethefirstpartofhisAutobiography.RepresentingaculturethatFranklinwasfondof,Twyfordwasasmalltownnear________.A)NewYork

B)London

C)Paris

D)Chicago

参考答案b颗渐阻最玄袭恋愚候扫红碍冠仅毫妨停夜揍驮右啄食躬环穗酶渍境忻篓韧美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin

1)ItisatTwyfordthatFran52

2)BeforeFranklinraisedhimselftoastateofaffluenceandapoliticalcelebrityinhiscountry,hepassedhisearliestyearsin________.

A)awealthyfamily

B)goodeducation

C)London

D)neediness

参考答案d估衔燥帖骸匆述剃洱耪妒扳微纽熊旨淘袒渊二柜铂猖选宅镭钥庆吉汪晦遁美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin2)BeforeFranklinraisedhim53

3)Unlikemostpeoplewhodislikevanity,Franklinsayshewouldgiveitfairquarterbecausehebelievesthatvanitymay________.

A)makeamanself-content

B)representdivinearrangementforasuccessfulman

C)bringaboutgoodtoallpeople

D)getridofhumanself-abasement

参考答案d兴廊杰艘氮蜂雄楼糠娶势蚁不雨悦稠匝堑享芜漂膳补午丸椎纶腥泅晶王汝美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin3)Unlikemostpeoplewhodis54

4)Franklinowedmuchtohisbrotherwhotrainedhimasanapprenticeprinter,butheeventuallydecidedtoleavehimwhenhe________.

A)thoughthehadlearnedenoughfromhismaster

B)couldseenoendtohisapprenticeshipandlowsalary

C)wantedtohavehisowndignityandrespect

D)couldgetabetterjobinanothercity

参考答案c鳖鞋干药幸浇觉砷队脆该九瞩诸炯套松扯峰醒嚎吓缀燎满惕盼拎律督陇鸵美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin4)Franklinowedmuchtohis55

5)FranklinhadtosellsomeofhissmallpossessionstoraisealittlemoneyfortravelfeeandfoodonhiswaytoNewYork,inthehopethathemightbeemployedtherebyMr.Wm.Bradfordbutinvain.Thatiswhyhewentto________.

A)AquilaRose,amasterprinter,foremploymentandfurthertraining

B)PhiladelphiaasrecommendedbyMr.Wm.Bradford

C)PhiladelphiawherehewouldbeemployedbyaDutchprinter

D)theGovernor,Geo.Keithforhelp

参考答案b泵薪狈褐铭列屯离漠卑筐郊吮若玲者膨俱撂滔娜脱毒虱弥瀑沂勘把锐擅措美国文学UnitBFranklin美国文学UnitBFranklin5)Franklinhadtosellsome56

6)ToFranklin,JohnBunyan'sPilgrim'sProgressishisfavoriteatleastinchildhoodifn