(完整版)托福听力分类词汇汇总

植物学botany植物学herb草perennial多年一生的botanical/botanic植物学的photosynthesis光合作用annual一年一生的horticulture园艺学chlorophyll叶绿素verdant嫩绿的，翠绿的aquaticplant水生植物symbiosis共生evergreen常青树parasiteplant寄生植物symbiotic共生的conifertree针叶树root根canopy树冠层/顶棚wither/shrivel/fade凋谢larch落叶松pine松树foliage/leaf叶blossom花pollen花粉spruce云杉leaflet小叶pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣juniper刺柏；杜松rosette（叶的）丛生nectar花蜜tissue组织sequoia红杉elm榆树stem茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄organ器官system系统walnut核桃树shoot/sprout嫩芽/抽枝seeds种子redwood红木树flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣everlasting永久的plumblossom梅花peel/skin果皮crossbreed杂交orchid兰花shell（硬）果壳rootpressure根压chrysanthemum菊花husk（干）果壳/（玉米苞叶bore腔/肠waterlily荷花/莲花trunk树干bark树皮cohesion-tension凝聚压力rhododendron杜鹃花branch树枝column花柱necrosis坏死carnation康乃馨bough大或者粗的树枝barren贫瘠的；不生育的jasmine茉莉花twig小树枝jungle丛林futile无用的helianthus/heliotrope/lawn草meadow草地/牧场carbohydrate(starch)碳水化sunflower向日葵prairie大草原mosses苔藓合物（淀粉）camellia茶花shrub/bush灌木glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉corn/maize/mealie玉米cluster一簇（灌木）fat脂肪protein蛋白质pumpkin南瓜tomato番茄fern蕨类植物vitamin维他命lettuce莴苣cabbage卷心菜horsetails木贼类植物malnourished营养不良的wheat小麦rye黑麦clubmosses石松类植物nutrition营养barley大麦oats燕麦微生物学antibody抗体toxin毒素bacteria细菌微生物immunity免疫fermentation发酵virus病毒disinfection消毒immunology免疫学inflection传染/感染sterilization灭菌vaccine疫苗fungus真菌microorganism/microbe生物学biology生物学paleontologist古生物学家diving潜水/跳水marinebiology海洋生物学dinosaur恐龙one-celledorganism单细胞entomology昆虫学dieout/extinction灭绝有机体ornithology鸟类学mammal哺乳动物tissue（动植物细胞的）组织microbiology微生物学carnivore食肉动物protectivecamouflage保护genetics遗传学rodent啮齿类动物色speciology物种学underwater水下的predator捕猎者parasitology寄生虫学marine海洋的oceanicsnail蜗牛apaleontology古生物学scuba水下呼吸器nimaladaptation动物适应性

survivalofthefittest适者生microbe微生物plasmalemma/cell存yeast酵母（菌）membrane细胞膜originofspecies物种起源bacteria细菌cellwall细胞壁wildenvironment野生环境single-cell单细胞protein蛋白质insecticide杀虫剂reptile爬行类动物aminoacid核酸prenatalcare产后护理hatch孵化incubation孵化plankton浮游生物habitat栖息地tentacle触须nest巢offspring子孙heredity遗传prey捕食navigate导航chewup咀嚼mutationofspecies物种变tinyreceptor接收器unfertilizedeggs未受精卵异nerve/specimen物种nutrient营养品chromosome染色体amphibian两栖类动物nourishment营养品/食物geneticengineering遗传工declineinthenumber数量减feed喂养程少cannibalism同类相食solitary独居social群居gene基因genetic基因的respiration呼吸bio-diversity生物多样性endangeredspecies濒危动ingestion摄食digestion消化metamorphosis变态/变形物digestiveenzyme消化酶mutation变种variation变异survival活着的cell细胞nucleus细胞核transition转变/过渡cytoplasm细胞质动物学zoology动物学cold-bloodedanimal冷血动polygamous一夫多妻的/Darwinism达尔文学说物一雄多雌的naturalselection自然选择poikilotherm变温动物polyandrous一妻多夫的/phylum门class纲order目scavenger食腐动物一雌多雄的suborder亚目carnivorous食肉的nomadic游牧的；流浪的family科genus属species种herbivorous食草的trapper诱捕动物者invertebrate无脊椎动物omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类niche小生态环境vertebrate脊椎动物camouflage伪装vestige退化器aquaticlife水生动物hibernate冬眠；蛰伏fertilizer使受精reptile爬行动物regeneration再生metabolism新陈代谢amphibian/amphibiouspredatory/carnivore食肉的breed（名词）品种；（动词）animal两栖动物predator捕食者prey捕食繁殖protozoa原生动物hordes/swarms（昆虫等）multiply/reproduce繁殖rodent啮齿动物群spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵ruminant反刍动物flock（牛、羊等）群anatomy解剖学parasiticanimal寄生动物community动物的群落或人appetite食欲primate灵长动物的部落creature生物scales鳞plankton浮游生物population种群feathers羽毛armor甲mollusk软体动物herd兽群spinalcord脊椎coelenterate腔肠动物（如hygiene卫生digestivesystem消化系统水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）sanitation公共卫生；卫生设excretorysystem排泄系统herbivore食草动物施reproductivesyste生殖系统mammal哺乳动物monogamous一夫一妻的/circulatorysystem循环系统homotherm恒温动物一雌一雄的respiratorysystem呼吸系统

哺乳动物squirrel松鼠marten貂gorilla大猩猩elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿bat蝙蝠chimpanzee黑猩猩giraffe长颈鹿squeak（老鼠等）吱吱baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马otter水獭antelope羚羊moose驼鹿beaver海狸sloth树懒slothful懒惰的两栖动物、爬行动物frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪lizard蜥蜴centipede蜈蚣salamander蝾螈chameleon变色龙scorpion蝎子turtle龟caymen/crocodile鳄鱼鸟类robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）camouflage伪装wing翅膀barnacle北极鹅vulture秃鹫crane鹤bill（鸟）嘴penguin企鹅stork鹳ptarmigan雷鸟beak（鹰等的）嘴canary金丝雀migrate迁移plumage羽体昆虫insect昆虫wasp黄蜂worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉earthworm蚯蚓hornet大黄蜂mantis螳螂antenna/tentacle触须spider蜘蛛pest害虫cockroach蟑螂larva幼虫生态学ecology生态学infraredradiation红外线辐waste废物ecosystem生态系统ozonelayer/ozonosphere臭solidwaste固体废物balanceofnature自然界生氧层sewage/wastewater污水态平衡ultravioletradiation紫外辐sewagepurification污水净fauna动物群flora植物群pollutioncontrol污染控制化rainforest雨林airpollution空气控制swagedisposal污水处理foodchain食物链waterpollution水污染decibel（噪音）分贝acidrain酸雨noxious/toxic有毒的greenhouse温室效应fumes（有毒的）废气能源和环境fossilfuel矿物燃料processofphotosynthesis光合作用hormonalsystem内分泌系digestiveduct消化管esophagus食管stomachhormonalsystem内分泌系digestiveduct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃smallintestine小肠largeintestine大肠anus肛门digestivegland消化腺salivarygland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas胰水生动物jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid鱿鱼；乌贼burro/octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼solarenergy太阳能燃烧carbondioxiderelease二氧nonrenewable不可再生的globalwarming全球变暖化碳排放energyconservation保护能greenhouseeffect温室效应industrialsewage工业污水源riseinsealevel海平面上升recycling再循环purify净化resource资源long-termclimaticchange长deteriorate恶化energysource能源资源期的气候变化acidrain酸雨tidalenergy潮汐能environmentalrecyclingsewagedisposal污水处理fuel-efficient节能型的center再循环利用中心environmentprotection环境rushhour高峰期litter/trashgarbage垃圾保护zeroemission零辐射pollutant污染物ozonelayer臭氧层wildness野生/天然desertification沙漠化wastedisposal废物处理preservation保护deforest滥伐森林emission（汽车废气的）排atmosphere大气drought干旱放carbon碳dioxide二氧化物watershortage水源缺乏soot烟尘burningofcoalandoil煤油offshorespillage近海岸溢出ElNino厄尔尼诺现象天文学astronomy天文学solareclipse日食intergalactic星系间的astronomicalobservatorysolarradiation太阳辐射interstellar恒星间的天文台planet行星interplanetary行星间的planetarium天文馆planetoid/asteroid小行星asteroid小行星nebula星云astrophysics天文物理学revolve旋转spacedebris太空垃圾astrology占星学twinkle闪烁ammonia氨pseudoscience伪科学nakedeye肉眼photosphere光球；光球层cosmos/universe宇宙Mercury水星Venus金星chromospheres色球；色球层cosmology宇宙Earth地球Mars火星chromospheres-coronainfinite无限的Jupiter木星Saturn土星transitionzone色球-日冕过cosmic宇宙的Uranus天王星渡层cosmicradiation宇宙辐射Neptune海王星sunglow日冕cosmicrays宇宙射线Pluto冥王星orbit轨道sunspot太阳黑子（发生在光celestial天体的spin旋转satellite卫星球层）celestialbody/heavenlylunar月球的meteor流星flare耀斑（发生在色球层）body天体meteorshower流星雨solarprominence日珥（发celestialmap/skyatlas天star恒星meteoroid流星体生在色球层）体图meteorite陨石comet彗星convectionzone对流层celestialsphere天球space/outerspace太空，外vacuum真空dwarf/dwarfstar矮星层空间infraredray红外线quasar类星体spacecraft/spaceship宇absolutemagnitude绝对量constellation星座宙飞船级galaxy/MilkyWay银河系spaceshuttle航天飞机emission发射/散发starcluster星团spacetelescope空间望远镜high-resolution高清晰度asterism星群astronaut/spaceman宇航员interferometer干扰仪，干涉solarsystem太阳系spacesuit宇航服仪solarcorona日冕stellar恒星的illusiveobject幻影体

faint微弱的image影像gravitationalforce吸引力molten融化的leapyear闰年rotation自传revolution公转blackhole黑洞ultravioletray紫外线luminosity光度lightyear光年气象学meteorology气象saturate饱和dew露windscale风级meteorologist气象学家frost霜fog/mist雾smog烟tsunami/seismicseawavemeteorologicalstation气象droplet小水condense浓缩海啸站crystal水晶体tidalwave潮汐；浪潮forecast/predict预报sheet（水、冰、雪的）一层upperatmosphere上层大气climate气候downpour/torrentialrain大funnel漏斗云atmosphere大气层雨disaster/calamity/troposphere对流层tempest(storm)/torrentialcatastrophe灾难stratosphere平流层rain暴风雨devastation破坏mesosphere中间层drizzle细雨shower阵雨submerge淹没drought旱灾ionosphere电离层hail冰雹convection对流exosphere逸散层blizzard/snowstorm暴风雪windvelocity风速coldfront冷锋avalanche/snowslide雪崩winddirection风向warmairmass热气团precipitation（雨、露、雪等）long-rangeforecast长期预current(气)流降水thunder雷报moisture潮湿，水气breeze微风sandstorm沙暴numericalweatherpredictionspell某种天气持续一段时monsoon季风gale大风数值天气预报vapor蒸汽whirlwind旋风typhoon台nephanalysis云层分析；卫evaporate蒸发hurricane飓风星云图damp/moist/humid潮湿tornado/twister/cyclone龙humidity湿度moisture潮湿卷风地理学hemisphere半球theAntarcticContinent南极plateau/highland高地meridian子午线/经线洲lowland低地parallel平行圈theAntarcticCircle南极圈basin盆地oasis绿洲latitude纬线theArcticCircle北极圈enclave飞地peak山峰longitude经线/经度aurora极光cordillera/ranges山脉elevation海拔tropicsofCancer北回归线carven/cave洞穴altitude高度/海拔tropicsofCapricorn南回归terrain地域horizon地平线线subterranean地底下equator赤道internationaldateline国coastland沿海地区temperaturelatitudes温带地际日期变更线coastline海岸线区timedifference时差watershed分水岭tropics热带地区timezone时区upperreaches上游Arctic/theNorthPole北topography地形/地形lowerreaches下游极学tributary支流deposit沉积Antarctic/Antarctica南极plain平原spring/fountain泉水

iceberg冰山canyon/gorge峡谷theprimevalforest原始森riverbed河床channel/strait海峡林gulf/bay海湾remote-sensing遥感的Scandinavia斯堪的纳维waterfall瀑布terrestrial地球的/陆地的亚（半岛）（瑞典、挪威、丹麦、cascade小瀑布；喷流terrestrialheat/geothermal冰岛的泛称）reef暗礁tide湖水地热fjord峡湾torrent水的急流terrestrialmagnetism地磁coralreef珊瑚礁tropicalrainforest热带雨continentaldrift大陆漂Chalk白垩纪林移学说cataclysm大洪水continentalisland大陆岛sea-floorspreading海床扩ridge山脊；分水岭volcanicisland火山岛展abyss深渊coralisland珊瑚岛evaporation蒸发territory版图；领土；地域islet小岛peninsular半岛salinity含盐度Pyrenees比利牛斯山脉archipelago群岛oceanbottom海床Carpathians喀尔巴阡山脉delta三角洲sediment沉积物Vesuvius维苏威火山landlockedarea内陆tropical热带的Pompeii庞贝inlandwaterway内陆河temperate温带的precipice悬崖subcontinent次大陆frigid寒带的eon世；纪；代cliff山崖valley山谷frostheaving冻胀现象glacier冰河hillside/mountainslope山tundra苔原，冻原Pangaea盘古大陆坡fieldstone卵石dune沙丘Lagoon咸水湖continentalshelf大陆架MediterraneanSea地中海地质学crust地壳mantle地幔quartz石英mineral矿物(sloping)shieldvolcano盾core地核ore矿石deposit矿床状火山（平缓）continentalcrust大陆地壳rubble碎石debris残骸(steep-sided)conevolcanooceaniccrust海洋地壳platinum白金/铂金silver银锥状火山（陡峭）layer/stratum地层copper黄铜aluminum铝eruption火山喷发stratigraphy地层学tin锡lead铅zinc锌crater火山口fault断层faultplane断层面nickel镍mercury汞/水银caldera（开口较大）火山口faultzone断层带sodium钠gem宝石depression洼地，凹陷处；rift/crack/split断裂diamond钻石盆地disintegration/decompositionemerald绿宝石lava火山岩浆分解ruby红宝石glacier冰川volcanicdust火山尘erosion腐蚀fossil化石glacial冰川的volcanicash火山灰igneousrock火成岩glacialepoch/age/periodgeyser间歇喷泉sedimentaryrock沉积岩冰川期hotspring温泉metamorphicrock变质岩glacialdrift冰渍earthquake/quake/tremor/limestone石灰岩moraines冰碛iceberg冰山seism地震granite花岗岩volcano火山seismic地震的marble大理石activevolcano活火山seismology地震学lithosphere岩石圈extinctvolcano死火山magnitude震级magma/moltenlava岩浆dormantvolcano休眠火山seismicintensityscale震

烈度tsunami/tidal/force海啸GreatCanyon大峡谷seismicwave地震波undersealandslide海底山NileRiver尼罗河transversewave横波M-r崩Coloradoriver科罗拉多河longitudinalwave纵波meltglobalwarming全球逐crumpleszones地质缓冲地epicenter震中渐变暖带epicentraldistance震中距aquifer蓄水层bedrock岩床bulge凸起物aftershock余震swamp沼泽cataclysm灾变peatbog泥炭沼泽考古学archaeology考古学homogeneous同以种族（种IronAge铁器时代paleontology古生物学类）的Paleolithic旧石器时代的anthropology人类学tribe部落clan氏族Mesolithic中石器时代的archaeologist人类学家excavation挖掘Neolithic新石器时代的pale-anthropologist古人类excavate/unearth挖掘morphology形态学学家ruins遗迹/废墟skull颅骨cranial颅骨的ecologicalanthropologist生remains遗产/遗骸fossil化石态人类学家artifact手工艺品ancientcivilization古代文明psychologicalanthropologistrelic遗物/文物caveman山顶洞人心理人类学家antique古物/古董culturalrelics文物originate起源于antiquity古代/古老rockpainting岩画ancestor祖先StoneAge石器时代hominid人（科）BronzeAge青铜器时代建筑学architecture建筑学beam梁prototype原型building写字楼architect建筑学家buildingtechnique建筑工cathedral大教堂construct结构艺mosque清真寺wing辐楼/侧楼design设计newmaterial新材料thestatueofliberty自由女elevator电梯metal-frame金属结构神像skyscraper摩天大楼repairperson修理工thetriumphalarch凯旋门designelement设计元素planetarium天文馆sphinx狮身人面像logstructure原木结构aquarium水族馆pyramid金字塔cabin小木屋archives档案馆officecastle城堡政治、经济学类subsistence存活，生活bankloan银行贷款consumerism消费主义（认subsistencewage刚够养家interest利息为高消费对个人和社会有糊口的工资withdraw从银行账户中提利的看法）；保护消费者权subsistencelevel收支平款益主义衡的生活水平honor(cheque/bill/draft)承affluence富裕，富足kinship亲属关系，血缘关系兑sophisticated世故的，老练commodity商品arunonabank挤兑的；复杂的，尖端的check支票；收据；账单theGreatDepression大萧条

教育学highereducation高等教育treasurer生活委员/财务大learnbyrote死记硬背moralcharacter道德品质臣encyclopedias百科全书/专domain领域electivesystem选课制度科全书faculty全体教员curriculum课程（总称）alumni校友discipline学科/管理人物artist艺术家territory领域contemporary当代的choreographer舞蹈编排家genre风格/体裁acclaimed受欢迎的critic批评家eccentric古怪的preeminent杰出的satirist讽刺作家odd怪诞的/奇数的versatile（人）多才多艺的/inventor发明家erratic奇怪的（物）多功能的biographer自传作家weird怪异的/不可思议的household家庭的/家喻sculptor雕塑家romantic浪漫的户晓的feminist女权主义者innocent天真的/无罪的genuine真正的humanitarian人道主义者lovelorn相思病苦的authentic逼真的/原汁原味imagist意象派诗人emotional情绪的/情感的的philanthropist慈善家sentimental感伤的/多愁symbolic象征性的proprietor业主mortal犯人善感的immortal不朽的/神precursor先驱cheerless无精打采的/无生nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡figurehead名誉领袖命力的emotive感人的disciple学徒apprentice学徒patriarchal家长的/族长prodigious巨大的mechanic机械工的classic经典的minimalist简单抽象派艺术rigid僵化的spare简朴的posthumous死后的家clumsy笨拙的avant-garde前卫派zigzag曲折的摄影photographer摄影家highdefinition高清晰度tripod三脚架panorama全景照片close-up特写darkroom暗室snapshot快照outoffocus调焦不准wideanglelens广角镜头developing冲洗exposure曝光longfocuslens长镜头enlarge放大foreground前景instantcamera拍立得filter滤色镜background背景cameralens相机镜头文学pose散文diary日记ballad民谣lullaby催眠曲mainplot