新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程2-Unit-6-B篇练习答案及课文翻译课件

新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程2-Unit-6-B篇练习答案及课文翻译ppt课件1ContentsActiveReading2ContentsActiveReading22Workingroupsanddiscussthequestions:Howmanybranchesofsciencecanyouthinkof?anatomy:studyingthebodyastronomy:studyingspacebiochemistry:studyingchemicalprocessesbotany:studyingplantschemicalengineering:studyingchemicalsubstancescosmology:studyingtheuniverseWarmingUpWorkingroupsanddiscussthe3ecology:studyingorganismsandtheirenvironmentgenetics:studyinggenesandvariationmeteorology:studyingweathermicrobiology:studyingvirusesetcnutrition:studyingfoodoceanography:

studyingtheseaspharmacology:

studyingmedicaldrugsradiology:

studyingradiantenergysuchasX-raysWarmingUpecology:studyingorganisms4WarmingUp2.Wheredidyoulearnmostaboutscience?3.Howmuchdoyourememberaboutyoursciencelessonsatschool?4.Whowasyourbestscienceteacher?Whydoyourememberhim/her?5.Canyourememberanylessoninparticular?6.Whatwouldyoudotoimprovescienceteachingatschool?WarmingUp2.Wheredidyoulea5TextScience:factorfiction?TextScience:factorfiction?6Science:factorfiction?1

Studentsaren’twhattheyusedtobe.Thesedays,itseems,someofthemneverevenopenabook.SuchisthedepressingpicturepaintedbypopularsciencewriterSteveJonesinhisbookTheSingleHelix,layingthefingerofblameonmoderncommunicationsystems.Themessageisthemedium;onceuponatimetherewerebooks,butnow,Jonessays,“themediumis,orsoitseems,anythingbutlinesofprintonapage.”Manystudentsarejustnotusedtoreadingbooksanymore–they’resuchanoutdatedformofcommunication.TextScience:factorfiction?Text7

2

Sohowdoyougetthemtolearnaboutscience?Well,ifyougointoacampusbookstoreyoucanfindout.Therearesongbooksforbiochemists,withchemicalformulaesettomusictomakethemeasiertoremember.Relativityisexplainedinavideogamewhichisasimulationofarocketjourneythroughspace:Youcanplaytennisonboardastherocketspeedsuporslowsdown.Andtherearecartoonstomakeeventhemostobscurescientificsubjectsaccessible,andfunaswell.Text Text8

3

Buteventhesemethodsofgeneratinginteresthavebecomeconventional.Rathermoreradicalistheproposalwhichaphysicsprofessorhascomeupwith–tolearnsciencefromthemistakesinsciencefictionfilms.Someofthefilmsmaybedreadful,buttheyhidealotofhelpfulmessages.Studentsjusthavetositback,relax,enjoythefilm,andsoakupabitofscienceatthesametime.Text Text9

4

Afewexampleswillshowwhattheprofessorhasinmind.InTheDaytheEarthCaughtFire(1961),theearthispushedtowardsthesunasaresultoftwosimultaneousatomic

explosions.ButthiscontravenesNewton’sThirdLawofMotion–

namely,thatactionandreactionareequalandopposite.SincetheEarthweighssixthousandbillionbilliontons,ahugeblastwouldbeneededtopushitintotherightdirection.Supposingithurledahundredmilliontonsofrockanddebrisintospace.Thisexplosionwouldrequireabombfargreater

thananythathaseverexploded.Butafewbasicsumswouldshowthatsuchablast,aswellaskillingeverysingleinhabitantoftheearth,wouldonlyshifttheEarthaboutaquarterofaninchoutofitsorbit.Text Text105

Sothefilmisfictionwithoutthescience.Thesamecouldbesaidofthe1986filmAliens.Inthisfilmthecrewsaunteraroundthespaceshipasiftheywereathomeonearth–whereastheyshouldbefloating,inagravity-freeenvironment.TheproducersofAlienswouldfailafirstyearphysicsexam,butStanleyKubrick

andArthurClarke,thebrainsbehind2001:ASpaceOdyssey,wouldpassthesameexamwithflyingcolours.Onboardthespaceshipagiantwheelrotates,generatingcentripetalforceandgivingtheastronautsonboardasenseof“up”and“down”.Text5Sothefilmisfictionwitho116

Thetreatmentofrelativityinsciencefictionfilmsisevenmoreconfusing.TakeStarTrek:TheVoyageHome(1987).Asthespaceshiprevolvesroundthesun,itgatherssomuchspeedthatitmovesbackwardsintohistory.Butthisisnonsense,notrelativity.AsJonesputsit,“Einsteinsaidthatnothingtravelsatmorethanthespeedoflight,notthattheclockswillruntheotherwayifyougofastenough.”EvenSuperman(1978)isbaffledbytheconcept.IttakeshimasplitsecondtoflyroundtheearthanticlockwisetosaveLoisLane,whohasfallenvictimtoanearthquake.Jones:“Timeisnotlikeacar.Ithasnoreversegear.”Text6 Thetreatmentofrelativity127

Finally,whataboutthosegiantinsectsliketheonesinEmpireoftheAnts,the1977filmbasedonastorybyH.G.Wells?Theproblemistheirlungs,orrather,thelackofthem.Antsdon’thavelungs,sotheygetoxygenbyabsorbingitthroughthetissuesoftheirbodies.Thebiggertheant,thelongeritwouldtaketoabsorbtheoxygen–andtheirbodypartswouldnotbeabletofunctionwell.Soanantthesizeofahumanwouldbemorelikelytobegaspingforbreaththanbitingofftheheadofarecklessteenager.Text■7Finally,whataboutthosegi13Text科学：事实还是虚构?

1

学生已今非昔比。如今，似乎有些学生从来就没有翻开过书本。这是科普作家斯蒂夫·琼斯在其《单螺旋线》一书中描绘的令人沮丧的情景，他把批评的矛头指向现代通信系统。信息即媒介；从前有书本，可是现在，琼斯说：“媒介是，或者说似乎是，一切，但绝不是纸上印的一行行字。”许多学生就是不再习惯读书了——书是老掉牙的沟通方式。Text14Text

2

那么怎样使他们学习科学呢？好吧，你要是走进校园书店，就会找到办法。那里有生物化学家的歌本，其中化学分子式被配上乐曲以便记忆。相对论是用电子游戏来解释的，那是个虚拟乘火箭在空间旅行的游戏：你可以在火箭加速或减速飞行时在上面打网球。还有卡通，它们使哪怕最艰涩的科学话题都变得有趣易懂。

Text 15Text

3

可是就连这些激发兴趣的方法也已变得老套了。更激进的方法是一个物理学教授提出来的：从科幻电影的错误中学习科学。有些电影也许糟透了，但其中隐藏有大量有益的信息。学生只需舒舒服服地坐着、放松、欣赏电影，同时吸收一点科学知识。Text 16Text

4

有几个例子可以说明教授的想法。在《地球着火之日》（1961）中，两颗同时爆炸的原子弹把地球推向太阳。可是这违反了牛顿的第三运动定律——即，作用力和反作用力相等且方向相反。既然地球重达六千艾吨，那就需要特大的爆炸才能把它推入正确的方向。假设爆炸将一亿吨岩石和碎渣抛入宇宙，那么这个炸弹的威力要比任何以往的炸弹都要大。但是，稍做运算就能说明，这样一场爆炸除了会把地球上的生物全部杀死之外，充其量也只能让地球偏离轨道大约四分之一英寸。注：地球的重量应该是6×10的24次方千克（10的18次方叫艾）。Text 17Text5

所以，这部电影是没有科学含量的虚构作品。1986年出品的电影《异形》也是同样。在这部影片中，宇航员们在宇宙飞船中走来走去，就好像在地球上的家里一样——而实际上他们应当在无重力环境中漂浮才对。《异形》的制片人可能会在大学一年级的物理学考试中不及格，但是《2001：太空漫游》背后的智囊斯坦利·库布里克和亚瑟·克拉克却会在同样的考试中以高分通过。宇宙飞船上有一巨大的轮子转动着，产生向心力，并给船上的宇航员一种“起伏”感。Text5 所以，这部电影是没有科学含量的虚构作品。1918Text6

科幻电影中对相对论的处理更是令人摸不着头脑。以《星舰迷航：回家之旅》（1987）为例：宇宙飞船围绕太阳飞行，速度越来越快，最后竟然飞回到了历史之中。但这是瞎编乱造，而不是相对论。正如琼斯所说：“爱因斯坦说没有什么比光速更快；但没有说如果你跑得够快，钟表就会倒转。”就连《超人》（1978）也被此概念所困惑。他在瞬间往逆时针方向绕地球一周去救地震受难者洛伊斯·莱恩。琼斯说：“时间不像汽车，它没有倒挡。”Text19Text7

最后，1977年根据H.G.威尔斯的小说拍摄的《蚂蚁帝国》里的那些巨型昆虫又如何呢？问题在于它们的肺，或者说，它们根本没有肺。蚂蚁没有肺，它们是通过身体组织吸收氧气的。蚂蚁越大，吸收氧气的时间就越长——这样它们身体的各部件就不能良好地运作。所以像人那么大的蚂蚁更可能老是在大口喘气，而不是把冒失少年的脑袋咬掉。Text20depressinganymoreoutdatedsongbook

biochemist

dreadfulsoakatomicexplosioncontraveneshiftaliensaunterproducergiantformularelativitysimulationgenerateproposalnamely

blasthurldebrisinhabitant

rotate

centripetalforceastronauttrekrevolveWords&Phrasesdepressinganymoreoutdatedsongb21supermanbaffleanticlockwisegearempirerecklessWords&Phrasesonboardspeedupsitbacksoakupbe/feelathomewithflyingcoloursSteveJones

斯蒂夫·琼斯（人名）StanleyKubrick斯坦利·库布里克（人名）ArthurClarke阿瑟·克拉克（人名）LoisLane

洛伊丝·莱恩（人名）supermanbaffleanticlockwisegea22depressing

a.sth.thatisdepressingmakesyoufeelveryunhappyanddisappointed令人沮丧的；令人丧气的

e.g.1.Thewholeexperiencewasverydepressing.整个经历令人非常沮丧。2.Healwayswokewithasenseofdeepsorrowanddepressingloss.他醒来时总是满怀哀愁，抑郁惆怅。Wordfamily:depress

v.

depression

n.

depressed

a.Words&Phrasesdepressing a.sth.thati23Fillintheblankswiththeappropriatewordfromthebox:1.It_________methatnobodyseemstocare.

2.PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybe_________orhaveothermooddisorders,Orzacksaid.(CET4-2010-6)3.Studiesoverarangeofillnesses,from_________toheartdisease,revealthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeoplefendoff

illness…(CET4-2000-6)4.Thatthoughtistoo__________forwords.Words&Phrasesdepressdepressed depressiondepressingdepressesdepresseddepressiondepressingWords&Phrasesdepressde24anymore

ad.usedwhentalkingoraskingaboutasituationthathasended,oraboutsth.thatsb.hasstoppeddoing（谈论或询问已经结束的情况或某人已经停止做的事）再也e.g.1.Shedoesn’tlivehereanymore.她不再住在这儿了。2.Peoplearenotinterestedinmoviesanymore.人们不再对电影感兴趣了。Words&Phrasesanymore ad.usedw25Words&Phrasesoutdated

a.

oldandnolongersuitableformodernpurposes,methods,orsituations

过时的；陈旧的e.g.1.Manyofusconformtotheoutdatedcustomslaiddownbyourforebears.我们许多人都遵循祖先立下的过时习俗。2.Thatlistofaddressesisoutdated,manyhavechanged.那个通讯录已经没用了，许多地址已经变了。

Words&Phrasesoutdated a26songbook

n.[C]abookthatcontainsthewordsandmusicofalotofsongs

歌本；歌曲集e.g.

1.WhilerummagingaroundmybookcaseIcameacrossmyoldcopyofthesongbook.

在一次偶然的情况下我乱翻我的书柜，竟然翻到了当年我的那本音乐集。2.InitiallyIthoughtIcouldsimplycopymyoldsongbookandsenditback.

起初我以为我只要把我的旧歌集复印一下就可以把它送回去了。

Words&Phrasessongbook n.[C]abook27biochemist

n.[C]apersonwhostudieschemicalprocessesthatoccurinlivingthings生物化学家e.g.

1.Sheisabiochemistwhoworksonthefrontiersofbiology.

她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化学家。2.SirChainwasaGerman-bornBritishbiochemist.

钱恩先生是一位出生在德国的英国生物化学家。Wordfamily:biochemistry

n.Words&Phrasesbiochemist n.[C]apersonw28formula

n.[C](plformulasorformulae)1.agroupoflettersornumbersthatrepresentsaruleinscienceormathematics（科学或数学中的）方程式，公式e.g.

Usetheformulatocalculatethevolumeofthecontainer.用公式计算容器的容积。2.

aplanormethodfordealingwithaproblemorachievingaresult方案

；方法

e.g.

Theforeignministershavethrashedoutasuitablecompromiseformula.外交部长们经过反复讨论，已经制订出合适的折中方案。Words&Phrasesformula n.[29relativity

n.[U](science)therelationshipbetweentime,space,andmovementasdescribedinEinstein’sTheoryofRelativity（爱因斯坦的）相对论e.g.1.EinsteinformulatedtheTheoryofRelativityin1905.爱因斯坦于1905年创立了相对论。2.Einstein’sTheoryofRelativitywonforhimuniversalesteem.爱因斯坦的相对论赢得了全世界对他的崇敬。Wordfamily:relative

a.Words&Phrasesrelativity n.[U](scienc30simulation

n.[C,U](~of)sth.thatproducesthefeaturesofasituationinawaythatseemsrealbutisnot模拟物e.g.1.Thesimulationallowshimtotestvariousfeaturesofasystem.这种模拟使他能够试验一个系统的各种特征。2.Thepilot’sskillsaretestedthroughsimulation.飞行员的技术是通过模拟飞行来检测的。Wordfamily:simulatev.Words&Phrasessimulation n.[C,U]31generate

vt.tomakealotofpeopleexpressfeelingsoropinionsaboutsth.引起；引发e.g.1.Theadvertisingcampaigngeneratedalotofinterestinourwork.广告活动使很多人对我们的工作产生了兴趣。2.Thisbookwillcontinuetogenerateexcitementforalongtime.这本书将在很长一段时间里继续使人们为之激动。Wordfamily:generation

n.

Words&Phrasesgenerate vt.t32Choosethebestanswerforthefollowingsentence:Extensivereportingontelevisionhashelpedto______interestinawidevarietyofsportsandactivities.(CET4-2001-06-53)A.gatherB.generateC.assembleD.yieldWords&PhrasesChoosethebestanswerforthe33proposal

n.[C]1.

aplanorsuggestion,esp.aformalonethatagrouphastoconsider（尤指某团体必须考虑的正式）计划，建议，议案e.g.Agoodmanyproposalswereraisedbythedelegates,aswastobeexpected.

(CET4-2003-12)

正如预计的，代表们提出了很多建议。2.arequesttosb.togetmarriedtoyou

求婚e.g.Shehadhadmanyproposalsbutpreferredtoremainsingle.许多人向她求过婚，但她愿过独身生活。

Words&Phrasesproposal 34Choosethebestanswerforthefollowingsentence:Manyadelegatewasinfavourofhisproposalthataspecialcommittee______toinvestigatetheincident.(CET4-2002-1)weresetup wassetupC.besetup D.setupNotethatsubjunctivemoodisusedhere.Words&PhrasesChoosethebestanswerforthe35Words&PhrasesWordfamily:propose1.

vt.

(fml)

tosuggeststh.asaplanorcourseofaction(正式)提议，建议e.g.1.Iproposethatheshouldleavenow.我建议他现在就离开。

2.Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.(CET4-2002-1)对这个问题的一个提议是建设自动高速公路体系。2.vi.toasksb.tomarryyou,esp.inaformalway(尤指正式地向某人)求婚e.g.Heproposedtoheronbendedknee.

他单膝跪下向她求婚。

Words&PhrasesWordfamily:pr36dreadful

a.

veryunpleasant糟透了的；非常讨厌的e.g.1.Theresultshouldbedreadfulforyou.结果对你将是极不愉快的。2.Thevictimsufferedadreadfulinjuryandlostalotofblood.受害者受了重伤，大量失血。Wordfamily:dreadn.&v.Words&Phrasesdreadful a.veryu37soak

v.toputsth.intoaliquidandleaveitthereforaperiodoftime浸；泡

e.g.1.Shesoakedtheshirtinsoapywater.她把衬衫泡在肥皂水里。2.Beforecookingthemyoushouldsoakthebeansovernightinwater.煮之前，你得把豆子浸泡在水里一整夜。Seealso:soakup

Words&Phrasessoak v.toput38atomic

a.

1.relatingtoorusingtheenergythatisproducedbysplittingatoms原子能的；利用原子能的e.g.Theyweremonitoringtheupperairtocollectevidenceofatomicexplosions.他们正在检测高空空气以收集原子爆炸的证据。2.relatingtotheatomsinasubstance原子的e.g.Atomicfissionfurnishesenormousenergy.原子分裂可提供大量的能量。Wordfamily:atom

n.Words&Phrasesatomic a.Words&Phrase39explosion

n.[C]anoccasionwhensth.burstswithalotofforceandaloudnoise,oftencausingdamage

爆炸

e.g.1.Themissilewarheadhitthetarget,effectinganuclearexplosion.导弹头击中目标，完成了一次核爆炸。

2.Therewasamuffledexplosionsomewhereontheirright.在他们右边什么地方有一声沉闷的爆炸声。Wordfamily:explode

v.

explosive

a.&n.Words&Phrasesexplosion 40contravene

vt.(fml)

todosth.thatisnotallowedbyarule,law,oragreement与…相抵触；违反（规章、法律或协议）e.g.1.

Youarecontraveningthecurrencyregulations.

你这是在违反货币制度的规定2.

Heintentionallycontravenedtheruleofgolf.

他在高尔夫球赛中有意犯规。3.HecontravenedtheOfficialSecretsAct.他违反了官员保密法。Words&Phrasescontravene vt.(fm41namely

ad.usedforintroducingmoredetailedinformationaboutasubjectthatyouarediscussing

即；那就是

e.g.1.Weneedtoconcentrateonourtargetaudience,namelywomenagedbetween20and30.我们须针对我们的听众对象，即年龄在20到30岁之间的妇女。2.Therailroadconnectstwocities,namely,NewYorkandChicago.这条铁路连接两个城市,即纽约和芝加哥。Words&Phrasesnamelyad.42blast

n.[C]anexplosion,esp.onecausedbyabomb（尤指炸弹引起的）爆炸e.g.1.Policesaidthattheblastoccurredat9a.m.警方说这次爆炸发生在上午九点。2.AhugebombblastrockedcentralLondonlastnight.昨晚一次剧烈的炸弹爆炸震动了伦敦市中心。3.Inasudden______ofanger,themantoreupeverythingwithinreach.

(CET4-2000-01-60)A.attack B.burst C.split D.blastWords&PhrasesBblast n.[C]43hurl

vt.tothrowsth.usingalotofforce猛投；用力掷e.g.1.Childrenwerehurlingsnowballsatoneanother.孩子们在互掷雪球。2.Riotershurledchairsthroughthewindows.暴乱者向窗里掷椅子。3.Theyoungtrackandfieldathletecouldalreadyhurlthediscus60yards.这个年轻的田径运动员已能把铁饼掷60码远。Words&Phraseshurl vt.tothrowsth.using44debris

n.[U]thebrokenpiecesthatareleftwhensth.largehasbeendestroyed,esp.byanexplosion,fire,oraccident（尤指爆炸、火灾或事故后留下的）废墟，瓦砾堆，残骸e.g.1.Shewashitbyflyingdebrisfromtheblast.她被爆炸飞散的碎片击中。

2.Afterthebombingtherewasalotofdebriseverywhere.轰炸过后到处是一片残骸。3.Policehavespentthedaysiftingthroughthedebrisforclues.警方花了一整天在废墟中查找线索。Words&Phrasesdebris n.[U]thebroken45inhabitant

n.[C]apersonoranimalthatlivesinaparticularplace居民；栖息的动物e.g.1.Theisland’searliestinhabitantscamefromIndia.

岛上最早的居民来自印度。2.Thetapewormisaninhabitantoftheintestine.绦虫是栖居肠内的寄生虫。Wordfamily:inhabit

v.

Words&Phrasesinhabitant n.[C]ap46shift

vt.tomoveanobjectfromoneplacetoanother移动；搬动e.g.Helpmeshiftthedesktothewindowplease.

请帮我把桌子搬到窗户那儿。Choosethebestanswerforthefollowingsentence:Massadvertisinghelpedto______theemphasisfromtheproductionofgoodstotheirconsumption.(CET4-2005-6)A.varyB.shiftC.layD.moderateWords&PhrasesBshift vt.tomoveanobjectf47alien

n.[C]

1.

apersonorcreaturefromaplanetotherthanEarth外星人；外星生物e.g.Jimisanalieninthisfilm.

吉姆在这部电影里是个外星人。

2.(AmE)sb.whoisnotacitizenofthecountrytheyarelivingin外国人；侨民e.g.1.

AnEnglishmanisanalieninAmerica.英国人在美国便是外国侨民。2.Illegalaliensareusuallydeportedtotheircountryoforigin.非法外侨通常被逐回原籍国。Words&Phrasesalien n.[C]48saunter

vi.towalkinaslowandrelaxedway漫步；闲步e.g.1.Hesaunteredby,lookingverypleasedwithhimself.他漫步闲逛,看起来非常悠然自得。2.Apolicemansaunteredoverfromacrosstheroadtofindoutwhatthecrowdwasdoing.一个警察从马路对面踱步过来看看那群人在干什么。Words&Phrasessaunter vi.towalkinaslow49producer

n.[C]1.sb.whosejobistoorganizetheworkandmoneyinvolvedinmakingafilm,play,televisionprogrametc.(电影、戏剧、电视节目等的)制作人，制片人e.g.Astheproducer,hebelievesthefilmwillbeasuccess.

作为制片人，他相信这部影片将会很成功。

2.apersonorcompanythatgrowsfoodormakesgoodstobesold（食品或商品的）生产商，生产者e.g.Thatcompanyisaproduceroftelevisionsets.

那家公司生产电视机。Words&Phrasesproducer n.[C]Words&Phr50giant

a.(onlybeforenoun)extremelylarge巨型的e.g.1.

Theteam’smascotisagiantswan.

这个队的吉祥物是只大天鹅。2.

Thegiantpacketgivesyoumoreforlessmoney!

特大的包装让你用便宜的价钱买到超值的分量!Words&Phrasesgiant a.(only51rotate

v.tomoveinacirclearoundafixedcentralpoint,ormovesth.inthisway（使）旋转；（使）转动e.g.1.

TheEarthrotatesonitsaxisonceevery24hours.

地球每24小时绕地轴自转一周。2.Thedoctoraskedthepatienttorotatehiseyes.

医生叫病人转动一下眼球。Words&Phrasesrotate v.tomoveinacircle52centripetalforcen.[U](science)aforcethatmakesthingsmovetowardsthecentreofsth.whentheyaremovingaroundthatcentre向心力

e.g.1.Aftersometreatmentofcentripetalforce,hededucesKepler’sthirdlaw.在向心力的一些论述之后，他推出了开普勒的第三定律。2.GravityisthecentripetalforcethatkeepstheplanetsorbitingaroundtheSun.

重力是一种向心力，能使行星环绕太阳运行。Words&Phrasescentripetalforce53astronaut

n.[C]sb.whotravelsandworksinspace宇航员e.g.1.Therocketbooststheastronautintospace.

这火箭能把宇航员送入太空。2.There’rethreeastronautsinthespacecraft.在这艘宇宙飞船里有三名宇航员。Words&Phrasesastronaut n.[C]sb54trek

n.[C]awalkthatseemslonganddifficult漫长艰苦的徒步旅程e.g.1.Therefugeesmadethetrekacrosstheborder.

难民们艰苦跋涉越过边境。

2.Thefamilymadethelongtrekwestin1890.1890年他们全家长途跋涉前往西部。Words&Phrasestrek n.[C]awalkthatsee55revolve

vi.(~around/on)toturnorspinaroundacentralpoint转动；旋转e.g.1.TheEarthrevolvesonitsaxis.地球绕地轴自转。2.TheplanetsrevolvearoundtheSun.行星绕太阳运转。Words&Phrasesrevolve vi.(~around/56superman

n.[C](plsupermen)amanwhohasextremelygreatabilities,skills,orstrength超人e.g.1.ThefilmportraysGandhiasakindofsuperman.这部电影把甘地描绘成一个超人。2.Heisasupermaninmentalandphysicalstrength.他在智力体力上是个超人。Words&PhrasesSuperman(1978)superman n.[C](plsupe57bafflevt.ifaproblem,sb.’sbehaviouretc.bafflesyou,youcannotunderstanditorsolveit（问题或行为等）使困惑，难倒e.g.1.Thescenebaffledalldescription.那情景难以形容。2.Thepolicewerebaffledbythetotallackofcluestothemurder.那件谋杀案由于没有一点线索把警方难住了。

Words&Phrasesbafflevt.ifaprobl58anticlockwise

a.&ad.

(BrE)

movinginthedirectionoppositetothedirectionofthehandsofaclock逆时针（的）；沿逆时针方向（的） =(AmE)counterclockwise

[美]Antonym:clockwisee.g.

1.Turnthelidanticlockwise.逆时针方向转动盖子。2.Pleaseturnthekeyinaclockwisedirection.请顺时针转动钥匙。Words&Phrasesanticlockwise a.&ad.59gear

n.[C,U]thepartofanenginethatchangesenginepowerintomovement（排）挡e.g.1.Alwaysusealowgearwhendrivingdownasteephill.你驾车驶下很陡的山路时，一定要用低速档。2.Sheselectedalowgearandstarteddownthetrackcarefully.她选了低速挡小心翼翼地沿小径下行。

Words&Phrasesgear n.[C,U]th60empire

n.[C]anumberofcountriesruledbyonepersonorgovernment帝国e.g.1.TheRomanEmpirewasdividedinthe4thcenturyAD.罗马帝国于公元4世纪分裂。2.Hisbusinessempirecollapsedunderamassiveburdenofdebt.他的商业帝国无力承担沉重的债务负担垮掉了。

Words&Phrasesempire n.[C]anumberof61reckless

a.notthinkingaboutthepossiblebadeffectsofyouractions轻率的；鲁莽的e.g.1.Sheshowedarecklessdisregardforherownsafety.

她对自己的安全完全不在意。2.Hewasaccusedofcausingdeathbyrecklessdriving.

他被控鲁莽驾驶而致人死亡。3.Youwererecklessoftheconsequencesbysayingthat.

你那么说就是根本不顾及后果。Words&Phrasesreckless a.notthinking62onboard:onashiporplane在轮船上；在飞机上e.g.1.Theplanehad125passengersandcrewonboard.飞机上有125名乘客和机组人员。2.Havethepassengersgoneonboardyet?乘客们登机了吗？Cf:ontheboards

做演员e.g.

Shewentontheboardswhenshewasonly3.

她3岁时就登台表演了。Words&Phrasesonboard:onashiporplane在63speedup:tomoveorhappenfaster加速e.g.1.Tospeedupthedeliveryofletters,thePostOfficeintroducedautomaticsorting.

(CET4-2005-12)为了加快信件递送，邮局引进了自动分拣。2.You’llhavetospeedupyourrateofworkifyouwanttofinishbytheagreeddate.如果你要在约定日期前完成工作，你得加快速度。Words&Phrasesspeedup:tomoveorhappenfa64sitback:torelaxandstopmakingtheefforttodosth.闲坐着；不作努力e.g.1.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?

(CET4-2008-12)在她的小孩肆意行事，伤害其他孩子的过程中，我是不是得听之任之？2.Don’tjustsitbackandwaitfornewbusinesstocometoyou.你可不能闲坐着等待新业务来找你呀。

Words&Phrasessitback:torelaxandstopma65soakup:(infml)tospendtimeexperiencing,listeningto,orfeelingsth.enjoyable

体验；听取；感受e.g.1.We’rehavingagreattime,soakingupthesun.我们正在晒日光浴，非常开心。2.Gotoasidewalkcafe,ordercoffee,andsoakuptheatmosphere.找一家街头咖啡馆，点一杯咖啡，让自己融入周围的环境。Seealso:soakWords&Phrasessoakup:(infml)tospendtime66be/feelathome:1.tobe/feel/lookrelaxedandcomfortableinaparticularplaceorsituation舒适自在；无拘束e.g.

Afterawhilewebegantofeelathomewitheachother.

过了一会儿我们就无拘无束起来。2.tofeelhappyorconfidentaboutdoingorusingsth.驾轻就熟，运用自如e.g.

HehasnodifficultywithSpanish.He’squiteathomewiththelanguage.

他使用西班牙语没有困难，他精通这门语言。

Words&Phrasesbe/feelathome:Words&Phra67withflyingcolours:verysuccessfully大获全胜地；很成功地e.g.1.Sylviahadpassedherexamswithflyingcolours.西尔维亚以优异的成绩通过考试。2.WemusthavethisworkfinishedwithflyingcoloursbyMonday.我们一定要在星期一以前出色地完成这项工作。Words&Phraseswithflyingcolours:verysucc68StanleyKubrick

斯坦利·库布里克（人名）Words&PhrasesStanleyKubrick(July26,1928

–March7,1999)wasanAmericanfilmdirector,writer,producer,andphotographerwholivedinEnglandduringmostofthelastfourdecadesofhiscareer.SeeExtensionActivitiesaboutmoreinformationofStanleyKubrick.StanleyKubrick69ArthurClarke

阿瑟·克拉克（人名）SirArthurCharlesClarke(16December1917–19March2008)wasaBritishsciencefictionauthor,inventor,andfuturist.Hewasfamousforthenovel2001:ASpaceOdyssey,writteninparallelwiththescriptfortheeponymous(同名的)film,co-writtenwithfilm-directorStanleyKubrick,andasahostandcommentatorintheBritishtelevisionseries

MysteriousWorld.Words&PhrasesSeeExtensionActivitiesaboutmoreinformationofArthurClarke.ArthurClarke70…layingthefingerofblameonmoderncommunicationsystems.laythefingerofblameonsth.:anidiomaticwayofsayingthatsomethingistoblame.Thefingerisassociatedwithblame,bypointingatsomeonewhohasdonesomethingwrong.

LanguagePoints翻译：……把批评的矛头指向现代通信系统。…layingthefingerofbl71Themessageisthemedium…

Theessayisaboutthechangefromthemediumoftheprintedbooktothatofinformationtechnology.Thewriterisplayingonwordshere,inparticularonMarshallMcLuhan’sfamoussaying“Themediumisthemessage”,whichmeansachangeinmediumhasabigimpact:Thetelevisiongenerationisnotthesameasthebookgenerationorthecomputergeneration.Thewaywethinkalterswiththeprevalentmedium.LanguagePoints翻译：信息即媒介

……Themessageisthemedium…L72Rathermoreradicalistheproposalwhichaphysicsprofessorhascomeupwith…Notetheinversionstructureinthesentence,whichisforthesakeofemphasis.comeupwith:tothinkofsth.suchasanideaoraplan想出，提出（想法或计划）e.g.Afteraheateddiscussiontheycameupwithasolution.

经过激烈讨论他们拿出了解决方案。Langu