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语法复习----

句子成分及练习语法复习----对句子的认识

1.词类名词----------表示人或事物的名称形容词-------表示人或事物的特征副词----------修饰动词、形容词、或其他副词动词----------表示动作或状态代词----------代替名词、数词数词----------表示数量或顺序冠词----------限制名词的意义介词-------表示名词、代词和其他词的关系连词-------连接词与词或句与句感叹词-----表示说话时的感情或语气对句子的认识1.词类词类作用例词1.(n.)名词表示人或事物的名称。Iboughtabook.Sheisastudent.2.(pron.)代词代替名词、数词等。Thisismyfriend.Helikesthatbookbecause

Itisveryusefultohim.PartsofSpeach作用例词3.(adj.)形容词表示人或事物的特征或性状。Heissmallbutheisclever.Theredpenisusefulfortheteacher.Hepaintedthewallwhiteyesterday.3.(adj.)表示人或事物的特征或性状。Heissm4.(num.)数词表示数目或顺序。TherearetenapplesonthetableandIwilltakethefirstone.5.(v.)动词表示动作或状态。Weare

workinghardatEnglish.Iwant

tobecomeanengineer.4.(num.)数词表示数目或顺序。Therearet6.(adv.)副词表示动作的特征或性状特征。IlikeEnglishverymuch.Theteachertreatsuskindly.Thetraingoesfast.Heseldomcomestoseeus.7.(prep.)介词表示名词、代词和其他词之间的关系。HeusuallystayathomeonSundays.6.(adv.)副词表示动作的特征或性状特征。Ili8.(conj.)连词连接词与词或句与句的作用。HeandIareinthesameclass

andwearegoodfriends.Twoorthreeofuscandancewell

butIcan’t.9.(interj.)感叹词表示强烈的感情Oh!Howbeautifulthesceneis!Whatagoodidea!Goodness!10.(art.)冠词用来限制名词的意义Ihavea

petdog.Thedogisverylovely.Heisan

oldmanbutverystrong.8.(conj.)连词连接词与词或句与句的作用。Hean英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并

简单句的五种基本句型简单句的

英语五种基本句型列式如下:

基本句型一:

(主+谓)

基本句型二:

(主+系+表)

基本句型三:

(主+谓+宾)

基本句型四:

O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

基本句型五:

(主+谓+宾+宾补)

英语五种基本句型列式如下:

基本句型一:

S基本句型一主谓(S+V)S+VShecooks.Heisworking.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.基本句型一主谓(S+V)S+V基本句型一主谓SVShecooksHeisworkingWhathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.基本句型一主谓SVShecooksHeisworki基本句型二主系表S+V+PHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.基本句型二主系表S+V+P基本句型二主系表S VPHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.基本句型二主系表S VPHeishappy.Every基本句型三主谓宾S+V+OWestudyEnglisheveryday.Theyareplayingfootball.Heenjoysreading.Shesaid“Goodmorning.”基本句型三主谓宾S+V+O基本句型三主谓宾SVOWeTheyHeShestudyareplayingenjoyssaidEnglisheveryday.football.reading.“Goodmorning.”基本句型三主谓宾SVOWestudyEnglishev基本句型四SV(及物)O(多指人)O(多指物)Igivehimabook.Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.Ishowedhimmypicture.基本句型四SV(及物)O(多指人)O(多指物)基本句型四SV(及物)OOIgivehimabook.Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.Ishowedhimmypicture.基本句型四SV(及物)OOIgivehimabook.My基本句型五S+V(及物)+O(宾语)+C(宾补)Wemustkeepthedooropen.Thenewsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldmetowashtheplates.Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom.基本句型五S+V(及物)+O(宾语)+C(宾补)基本句型五SV(及物)O(宾语)C(宾补)Wemustkeepthedooropen.Thenewsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldmetowashtheplates.Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom.基本句型五SV(及物)O(宾语)C(宾补)Wemustk一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:二)主语:主语(Subject)

表示句子说的是什么人或什么事.

是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:二)主语:主语(Subject)1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词)(代词)(数词)(不定式)(动名词)(名词化的形容词)1.Duringthe1990s,Americanc7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(主语从句)(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)7.Whenwearegoingtohavean(三)谓语

谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.(三)谓语谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作(三)谓语

2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词加动词原形构成。如:

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.(2)由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成(随谓语动词的时态而改变)。如:

DoyouspeakEnglish?

Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.(3)由系动词加表语构成。如:

Wearestudents.注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。(三)谓语2、复合谓语:(四)表语

表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如:(四)表语表语(Predicative)1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)2.Isityours?(代词)3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)4.Thespeechisexciting.(分词)5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?(数词)1.OurteacherofEnglishisan6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.(动名词)8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.(介词短语)9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词)10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.注意:系动词(Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:

Heisateacher.2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如:Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

Thepassengersremainedstuckattheairportduetothebadweather3)表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem,appear,look,

例如:

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

注意:系动词(Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语,注意:系动词(Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。

4)感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如:

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5)变化系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如:

Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove,turnout,表达"结果是;证明是",之意,例如:

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

注意:系动词(Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语,(五)宾语宾语(Object)表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(名词)(代词、动名词)(名词、数词)(五)宾语宾语(Object)表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(名词化形容词,名词)(不定式短语)(动名词短语)(宾语从句)4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththe宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等,例如:

HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等,例如:

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.宾语种类:下列动词只能接不定式做宾语

ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等,如:

Herefusedtolendmehisbike.下列动词只能接不定式做宾语下列动词只能接动名词做宾语

admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等,如:

Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.下列动词只能接动名词做宾语下列动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语,但意义不同,如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。

forgettodo表示“未发生的动作”,forgetdoing表示“已完成的动作”。如:

Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(还没来)

Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(书已还给他了)

下列动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语,但意义不同,如me(六)宾语补足语

宾语补足语(ObjectComplement),用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach,ask,see,have,order,make等。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:(六)宾语补足语宾语补足语(ObjectCompleme1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(名词)(形容词)(副词)(不定式短语)(现在分词)(介词短语)(从句)1.HisfathernamedhimXiaomin(七)定语

修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示:1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.(名词)4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)(七)定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attr5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)8.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定语从句)5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefi(八)状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语(Adverbial)。可由以下形式表示:1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(副词及副词性词组)(介词短语)(不定式短语)(八)状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.Waitamoment.时间Icouldn’tmoveastepfurther.距离Youcandoitthisway.

方式Theroommeasuresfivemetresacross.

度量(分词短语)(名词)(状语从句)4.Heisintheroommakingam9种状语种类如下:1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(时间状语)(原因状语)(条件状语)(地点状语)(方式状语)9种状语种类如下:1.HowaboutmeetingShecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.(伴随状语)(目的状语)(结果状语)(让步状语)(比较状语)Shecameinwithadictionary

(九)同位语(Appositive)对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释,通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任,如:ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.(十)插入语(Parenthesis)对一句话做一些附加的解释,通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe---)等,如:Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.(九)同位语(Appositive)对前面的名词或代词练习一.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.练习一.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.Thereisgoingtobe

anAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmer14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,

readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.14.Doyouhaveanythingelse四、选择填空:()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetly C.nicelyD.sweet四、选择填空:()1.____willleav()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.died C.dyed D.dying()6.____were

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