关于虚拟语气的完整用法

关于虚拟语气的完整用法第一类编辑虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，此时主句不用虚拟语气；而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生，此时用虚拟语气。如：IfI

have

time，Iwillgo.假若我有时间，我就去。

（陈述语气）

IfI

were

you，I

would

go.假若我是你，我就去。

（虚拟语气）时态类型主句谓语形式条件句的谓语形式例句与现在事实相反would/should/could/might+V原形动词过去式did*be多用were1.IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.2.IwouldcertainlygoifIhadtime.与过去事实相反would/should/could/might+havedone动词过去完成式haddone1.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedinthetest.2.IfIhadleftalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.与将来事实相反would/should/could/might+V原形①动词过去式②should+V原③were+todo1.Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.①2.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.③*规律总结：从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if从句就用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时（即过去的过去）注：特别说明1、lwould/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后；would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：Ifyoutriedagain，youwouldsucceed.要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。

(would表结果)Ifyoutriedagain，youmightsucceed.要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。

(might表可能)Ifyoutriedagain，youcouldsucceed.要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)2、错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：Ifithadrainedlastnight,thegroundwouldbewetnow.要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtakenmyadvice.假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。3、If虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句）常考两个句型：Ifitweren’tfor…和Ifithadn’tbeenfor…，其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是”。如：Ifitweren’tforwater,noplantcouldgrow.要是没有水植物就无法生长。Ifithadn’tbeenforyourassistance，wewouldn’thavesucceeded.=Butforyourassistance，wewouldn’thavesucceeded.=Withoutyourassistance，wewouldn’thavesucceeded.如果没有你的帮助，我们不会成功的。4、If虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were,had,should置于句首。例：WereIinschoolagain(=IfIwereinschoolagain),Iwouldworkharder.如果我能再上一次学，我会学习得更努力。Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)如果你问我，我会告诉你。Heorderedthatit

(should)besentback.他命令把它送回去。Iaskthatheleave.我要求他走开。HerequiresthatI

(should)appear.他要求我出场。Imovethatweaccepttheproposal.我提议通过这项提案。HearrangedthatIshouldgoabroad.他安排我去国外。Shedesiresthathedoit.她希望他做此事。Thegeneraldirectedthattheprisonersshouldbesetfree.将军指示释放那些俘虏。*suggest表“暗示”insist表“坚持说”时不用虚拟语气比较：He

insisted

thatI

hadread

hisletter.他坚持说我看过他的信。He

insisted

thatI

shouldread

hisletter.他坚持要我看他的信。He

suggested

thatwe

(should)stay

fordinner.他建议我们留下吃饭。I

suggested

thatyou

hadasecret

understandingwithhim.我觉得你与他心照不宣。3.order,suggestion,idea,plan,proposal,advice,demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句Our

suggestion

isthatyou（should）bethefirsttogo．我们的建议是你应该第一个去。4.*advice,agreement,command,decision,decree,demand,determination,indication,insistence,order,preference,proposal,request,requirement,stipulation,suggestion,idea,plan,orderl“Itis(was)+紧急重要--带感情色彩上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词或important,natural,strange,necessary，surprised,appropriate等形容词后的主语从句1.Itis

ordered

thatthearmy

(should)

getthereby4a.m.2.Itis

necessary

thatshe

(should)be

sentthereatonce.注：*Itisnecessary，important，strange，natural，advisable,anxious,compulsory,crucial,desirable,eager,essential,fitting,imperative(绝对必要),impossible,improper,obligatory,possible,preferable,probable,recommended,urgent,vitaletc.；itisapity；Itisrequested/suggested/desired/proposed第四类编辑It’stime后的从句用虚拟语气从句谓语通常用过去式表示(早)该干某事了*有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)ex.It’stimewewent[weregoing,shouldgo].我们该走了。It’stimeIwasinbed.我该上床睡了。(不用were)It'stime=Itis(thevery/high/right/about)time第五类编辑表示祝愿话语中也可以用虚拟语气。Maygodbless

you.愿上帝保佑你。Mayyou

enjoy

manyyearsofhealthandhappiness.祝您健康长寿美满幸福。第六类编辑在少数句型中，谓语用虚拟语气。1）由that引导的句子（表示愿望或沮丧情绪）Thattherain

wouldstop.但愿雨能停下来。2）由wouldthat引导的句子（表示但愿）Wouldthatheweregone.但愿他已走掉。3）由tothink引导的句子（表示没想到）TothinkthatItrustedhim.没想到我竟然信了他。wish和asif编辑1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望构成：主语+wish(that)+从句主语+动词过去式（be一律用were）例如：IwishIkneweverythingintheworld.我希望我知道世界上所有的事。Iwishthattheexperimentwereasuccess.我希望这个实验是成功的。Wewishwehadwings.我们希望有翅膀。2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望构成：主语+wish(that)+从句主语+would/could+have+过去分词或had+过去分词例如：Iwishthatyouhadcomeyesterday.我希望你昨天来过。IwishthatIcouldhavegonewithyoulastnight.我希望我昨晚能和你一起去。Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishIhadbeenthere.我没有去参加晚会，但是我真的希望我去过那里。3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望构成：主语+wish(that)+从句主语+would/should/could/might+原形动词例如：Iwishthathecouldtryagain.我希望他能再次尝试。IwishthatsomedayIshouldliveonthemoon.Wewishthattheywouldcomesoon.II.ASif引出的虚拟。Asif….表好像……我们经常会利用一下句型来表达不能实现的虚拟状态：Itisasif……。(就好象是……)Asif+从句，主句。（好像……Sb.+do…）表达一种假设的条件。而Asif之后的假设内容的语法结构和wish虚拟的结构一样。L.33ADaytoRemember中原句，“Asifthiswerenotenoughtoreduceyoutotears,yourhusbandarrives.”就利用了和现在事实相反的假设虚拟。北京新东方名师指出，要善于总结出一些学习语法的技巧，如利用对比，举例等方法进行学习。注：Somethingistohappened，I'mtofaceit。注意事项编辑使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：1．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow,andyouwouldgraduatefromacollegeinfouryears’time.2．if省略句在条件句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,变为倒装句式。如：IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：我们可以说：Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.但不能说：Weren'titfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.3．用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with,without,butfor。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)Wecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(=ifwehadn'tgotyourhelp)Butfortherain(=Ifithadn'tbeenfortherain),wewouldhavefinishedthework.4．含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.(副词)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(连词)Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.（定语从句）Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.(连词)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisertheiroutputquickly.(独立主格结构)混合型与含蓄型虚拟语气1。混合型虚拟语气：当虚拟条件从句与结果主语所表达的时间不一致时，被称为“混合条件句”，这种虚拟语气被称为“混合型虚拟语气”，动词的形式要根据它所表达的时间作相应调整。如：Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor'sadvice,hewouldbeallrightnow.(条件从句表达的时间是过去，因此用had+过去分词；主句表示的时