材料专业常用术语英语单词表

Unit1property（材料的）性质heattreatment热处理metal金属glass玻璃plastics塑料fiber纤维electronicdevices电子器件component组元，组分semiconductingmaterials半导体材料materialsscienceandengineering材料科学与工程materialsscience材料科学materialsengineering材料工程materialsscientist材料科学家materialsengineer材料工程师synthesize合成synthesissyntheticsubatomicstructure亚原子结构electron电子atom原子nuclei原子核nucleusmolecule分子microscopic微观的microscope显微镜nakedeye裸眼macroscopic宏观的specimen试样deformation变形polished抛光的reflect反射magnitude量级solidmaterials固体材料mechanicalproperties力学性质load载荷force力elasticmodulus弹性模量strength强度electricalproperties电学性质electricalconductivity导电性dielectricconstant介电常数electricfield电场thermalbehavior热学行为heatcapacity热容thermalconductivity热传导（导热性）magneticproperties磁学性质magneticfield磁场opticalproperties光学性质electromagneticradiation电磁辐射lightradiation光辐射indexofrefraction折射率reflectivity反射率deteriorativecharacteristics劣化特性processing加工performance性能linear线性的integratedcircuitchip集成电路芯片strength强度ductility延展性deterioration恶化，劣化mechanicalstrength机械强度elevatedtemperature高温corrosive腐蚀性的fabrication制造Unit2chemicalmakeup化学组成atomicstructure原子结构advancedmaterials先进材料high-technology高技术smartmaterials智能材料nanoengineeredmaterials纳米工程材料metallicmaterials金属材料nonlocalizedelectrons游离电子conductor导体electricity电heat热transparent透明的visiblelight可见光polished抛光的surface表面lustrous有光泽的aluminum铝corrosionresistance抗腐蚀性magneticpermeability磁导率phasetransformations相变phasetransitions相变crystalforms晶型meltingpoint熔点boilingpoint沸腾点vaporpressure蒸气压atm大气压glasstransitiontemperature玻璃化转变温度mass质量volume体积perunitofvolume每单位体积theaccelerationofgravity重力加速度temperaturedependent随温度而变的，与温度有关的grams/cubiccentimeter克每立方厘米kilograms/cubicmeter千克每立方米grams/milliliter克每毫升grams/liter克每升poundspercubicinch磅每立方英寸poundspercubicfoot磅每立方英尺alcohol酒精benzene苯magnetize磁化magneticinduction磁感应强度magneticfieldintensity磁场强度constant常数vacuum真空magneticfluxdensity磁通密度diamagnetic反磁性的factor因数paramagnetic顺磁性的ferromagnetic铁磁性的non-ferrousmetals非铁金属，有色金属brass黄铜ferrous含铁的ferrousmetals含铁金属，黑色金属relativepermeability相对磁导率transformer变压器，变换器eddycurrentprobe涡流探针Unit5hardness硬度impactresistance耐冲击性fracturetoughness断裂韧度，断裂韧性structuralmaterials结构材料anisotropic各向异性orientation取向texture织构fiberreinforcement纤维增强longitudinal纵向transversedirection横向shorttransversedirection短横向afunctionoftemperature温度的函数，温度条件roomtemperature室温elongation伸长率tension张力，拉力compression压缩bending弯曲shear剪切torsion扭转staticloading静负荷dynamicloading动态载荷cyclicloading循环载荷，周期载荷cross-sectionalarea横截面stress应力stressdistribution应力分布strain应变engineeringstrain工程应变perpendicular垂直normalaxis垂直轴elasticdeformation弹性形变plasticdeformation塑性形变qualitycontrol质量控制nondestructivetests无损检测tensileproperty抗张性能，拉伸性能Unit6lattice晶格positiveions正离子acloudofdelocalizedelectrons离域电子云ionization电离，离子化metalloid准金属，类金属nonmetal非金属diagonalline对角线polonium钋semi-metal半金属lowerleft左下方upperright右上方conductionband导带valenceband价带electronicstructure电子结构syntheticmaterials（人工）合成材料oxygen氧oxide氧化物rust生锈potassium钾alkalimetals碱金属alkalineearthmetals碱土金属volatile活泼的transitionmetals过渡金属oxidize氧化barrierlayer阻挡层basic碱性的acidic酸性的electrochemicalseries电化序electrochemicalcell电化电池cleave解理，劈开elemental元素的，单质的metallicform金属形态tightly-packedcrystallattice密排晶格，密堆积晶格atomicradius原子半径nuclearcharge核电荷numberofbondingorbitals成键轨道数overlapoforbitalenergies轨道能重叠crystalform晶型planesofatoms原子面agasofnearlyfreeelectrons近自由电子气freeelectronmodel自由电子模型anelectrongas电子气bandstructure能带结构bindingenergy键能positivepotential正势periodicpotential周期性势能bandgap能隙Brillouinzone布里渊区nearly-freeelectronmodel近自由电子模型solidsolution固溶体puremetals纯金属duralumin硬铝，杜拉铝Unit9purification提纯，净化rawmaterials原材料discrete离散的，分散的iodine碘long-chain长链alkane烷烃，链烃oxide氧化物nitride氮化物carbide碳化物diamond金刚石graphite石墨inorganic无机的mixedionic-covalentbonding离子—共价混合键constituentatoms组成原子conductionmechanism传导机制phonon声子photon光子sapphire蓝宝石visiblelight可见光computer-assistedprocesscontrol计算机辅助过程控制solid-oxidefuelcell固体氧化物燃料电池sparkpluginsulator火花塞绝缘材料capacitor电容electrode电极electrolyte电解质electronmicroscope电子显微镜surfaceanalyticalmethods表面分析方法Unit12macromolecule高分子repeatingstructuralunits重复结构单元covalentbond共价键polymerchemistry高分子化学polymerphysics高分子物理polymerscience高分子科学molecularstructure分子结构molecularweights分子量longchains长链chain-likestructure链状结构monomer单体plastics塑料rubbers橡胶thermoplastic热塑性thermoset热固性vulcanizedrubbers硫化橡胶thermoplasticelastomer热塑弹性体naturalrubbers天然橡胶syntheticrubbers合成橡胶thermoplastic热塑性thermoset热固性resin树脂polyethylene聚乙烯polypropylene聚丙烯polystyrene聚苯乙烯polyvinyl-chloride聚氯乙烯polyvinyl聚乙烯的chloride氯化物polyester聚酯polyurethane聚氨酯polycarbonate聚碳酸酯nylon尼龙acrylics丙烯酸树脂acrylonitrile-butadiene-styreneABS树脂polymerization聚合（作用）condensationpolymerization缩聚additionpolymerization加聚homopolymer均聚物copolymer共聚物chemicalmodification化学改性terminology术语nomenclature命名法chemist化学家theNoblePrizeinChemistry诺贝尔化学奖catalyst催化剂atomicforcemicroscope原子力显微镜（AFM）Unit15composite复合材料multiphase多相bulkphase体相matrix基体matrixmaterial基质材料reinforcement增强体reinforcingphase增强相reinforcingmaterial加强材料metal-matrixcomposite金属基复合材料ceramic-matrixcomposite陶瓷基复合材料resin-matrixcomposite树脂基复合材料strengtheningmechanism增强机理dispersionstrengthenedcomposite弥散强化复合材料particlereinforcedcomposites颗粒增强复合材料fiber-reinforcedcomposites纤维增强复合材料Unit18nanotechnology纳米技术nanostructuredmaterials纳米结构材料nanometer纳米nanoscale纳米尺度nanoparticle纳米颗粒nanotube纳米管nanowire纳米线nanorod纳米棒nanoonion纳米葱nanobulb纳米泡fullerene富勒烯sizeparameters尺寸参数sizeeffect尺寸效应criticallength临界长度mesoscopic介观的quantummechanics量子力学quantumeffects量子效应surfaceareaperunitmass单位质量的表面积surfacephysicsandchemistry表面物理化学substrate衬底，基底graphene石墨烯chemicalanalysis化学分析chemicalcomposition化学成分analyticaltechniques分析技术scanningtunnelingmicroscope扫描隧道显微镜spatialresolution空间分辨率deBrogilewavelength德布罗意波长meanfreepathofelectrons（电子）平均自由程quantumdot量子点bandgap带隙continuousdensityofstates连续态密度discreteenergylevel离散能级absorption吸收infrared红外ultraviolet紫外visible可见quantumconfinement(