中国节日英语简介

元旦NewYearItfallsonthefirstdayoftheyear.Itmarksthebeginningofayear.PeoplewillplanwhattodointheNewYear.Becausetheybelievethatthewholeyear'sworkdependsonagoodstartinspring.春节SpringFestival

SpringFestivalisthemostimportantfestivalinChina.Itisonthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth(阴历正月).Ontheeveofthefestival,peoplewillpastespringpoems(贴春联)withluckywords.Theypreparedeliciousfood,dumplingisamust.Theyalsocleantheirhouse,butthereisnosweepingonspringfestivalforpeoplethinkitwillsweepawaygoodluck.Peopleoftencomebackhometoenjoyfamilyreunion,thewholefamilywillgettogetherforthebigdinner.Theyalsoexchangegreetingwithotherfriendsandrelatives.元宵LanternFestivalItcomesonthe15thofthefirstlunarmonthanditmarkstheendoftheSpringFestival.Onthisday,peopleofteneatsweetdumplings(元宵)forgoodluck.Theywillvisitthedisplayoflanterns(灯展)orgofortemplefair(庙会)清明QingmingQingming—ItisalsocalledTomb-SweepingDay.ItfallsonApril4thor5th.Thatisaspecialdayforthelivingtoshowloveandrespecttotheirdeadfriendsorrelatives.Peopleoftengotosweepthetombandputthemeat,wineinfrontofthetomb.Oneinterestingthingisthatpeopleburnthepapermoneyforthedead.端午DragonBoatFestivalThisdayisonthefifthofthefifthlunarmonth,Peopleoftengettogethertowatchthewonderful“DragonBoatRace”(龙舟大赛)，RicedumplingisamustonDragonBoatFestival.中秋Mid-autumnDayItcomesonthe15thoftheeighthlunarmonth.Peopleoftengazeatthe“Ladyinthemoon”(嫦娥)andeatmooncakes.腊月二十三——小年December23oftheLunarCalendar(LittleNewYear)Custom:WorshipingtheKitchenGodAsthelegendgoes,thereisakitchengodineachhousewhoisresponsibleforthekitchenandoverseestheconductofthefamily.Onthisday,thekitchengodreturnstoHeaventoreporttheconductsofthefamilytotheEmperorofHeaven.Therefore,worshippingthekitchengodaimsto“pleasehim.”Peopleputoutsomesweetandstickyfoods,suchasricedumplingsandmaltedsugar.Inthisway,thelipsofthekitchengodwillstucktogether,andhecannotreportanywrongdoingsofthefortheSpringFestival.PeopleinnorthChinamainlyeatnoodles.Theyleavendough,steambunsorcooknoodlesduringtheSpringFestival.Today,peoplealsopastespringcoupletsandpictures.Withconcisetextsandfestivepatterns,peopleshowtheirwelcomefortheSpringFestival.Inaddition,theseactivitiesindicatethattheSpringFestivalbegins.习俗：发面、贴春联准备了肉食配菜后，也要准备主食。北方以面为主食，发好面，可以在春节期间蒸馒头或者做面条等食物。这一天也是将春联、年画贴出来的日子。以简洁的文字和喜庆的图案迎接春节、抒发愿望，也意味着春节正式拉开帷幕。腊月二十九——小除夕December29oftheLunarCalendarCustom:PayingTributetoAncestorsPreparationfortheSpringFestivalshouldbecompletedtoday,thedaybeforeNewYear’sEve.Worshippingancestorsisalsoamajoreventonthisday,bywhichpeopleexpresstheirgratitudeandyearningfortheirancestorsduringtheimportantfestival.习俗：祭祖过年的准备工作将在除夕前一天的今天全部完成。除此之外，祭祖也是这天的重要活动，以在春节这最重要的节日表达感恩与思念。大年三十——除夕December30oftheLunarCalendarDecember30oflunarcalendar,alsocalled“Chuxi”(NewYear’sEve),isthelastdayoftheyearaccordingtolunarcalendar.Itmeanssayinggoodbyetothelastyearandwelcomingthenewyear.ChuxiistoChinesepeoplewhatChristmasEveistoWesterners.Andit’salsotheclimaxofthewholeSpringFestival.Therearemanycustomsineveryperiodoftimeonthisspecialdayandthosecustomshavebeenwellobservedforthousandsofyears.大年三十，中国农历的最后一天，又称“除夕”——告别旧日，迎来新年。这一天对每一个中国人来说意义非凡，如同平安夜在圣诞假期中的重要地位一般，整个春节的高潮也在这一天到达顶峰。这一天中，每一个时间段都有约定俗成的讲究，几千年来，延续至今。7:00-11:30PreparingfortheReunionDinner团年饭准备Inthemorning,everyfamilybeginskillingchickenandfishesaswellascuttingmeatandvegetablestopreparefortheReunionDinner.清晨开始，各家各户就忙着宰鸡、剖鱼、剁肉、切菜……为团年大餐做着最后的筹备工作。11:30-11:50PrayingtoAncestors拜敬祖先Althoughdifferentregionshavedifferentcustom,manywillpraytotheirancestorsbeforethedinneronthisday.Allthefamilymembershosedbytheirpatriarchofferincenseandkowtowtothememorialtabletsorthepicturesoftheirancestors,thentheyburnpapermoneyandprayonebyone.TheyalsopresentthemaindishesoftheReunionDinnerincludingporkasofferingstotheirrespecttotheancestors.虽各地都有不同的习俗，但大多会在今日正式的宴席前拜敬祖先。全家人在家长的主持下，对祖先的牌位、人像烧香叩拜，并逐一烧纸祈福。也会提前将宴席上的主菜如猪肉等作为贡品呈放，以示对先辈的尊敬。12:00-18:00EnjoyingtheReunionDinner&GivingLuckyMoney团年饭开席、发压岁钱Thetwowonderfulmealsatthisdayarecalled“ReunionDinners”,amongwhichtheNewYear’sEveDinnerismuchmoreimportant.ThereareabundantdishesfortheNewYear’sEveDinner.Thedishesareofawidevarietyandtheyallimplythemeaningofgoodluck.Foreexample,“fish”sharesasimilarpronunciationwith“Yu”whichstandsfor“abundance”;beetrootsoundslike“CaiTou”thatmeansonecanhavegoodluckinthenewyear.Besides,therearechicken,duck,fish,porkandbeefinthedinner,whichsymbolizearichnewyear.WhileisSichuan,everyfamilyhashome-madesausageandcuredmeataswellasChineseliquor.Duringdinnertime,Chinesepeopledonotjusteatanddrinkalthoughthefoodanddrinksareverydelicious.Theyalsosaysome“bestwishes”suchas“Iwishyougoodhealthandalonglife”,“mayallgowellwithyou”,etc.totheelders,andthenhopetogetluckymoneyfromthosehappyelders.Itissaidthattheluckymoneycandriveoutevilspiritsbecauseitsharesthesamepronunciationwith“Sui”inChinese(meaningevilspirits),thuschildrenwhogetluckymoneywillbesafeinthenewyear.Surely,receivingluckymoneyisthefavorite“event”ofeverychildduringtheSpringFestival.除夕日的两顿大餐称为“团年饭”，其中尤以晚餐“年夜饭”为重头戏。年夜饭的餐桌上总是丰盛异常，菜色虽然五花八门，但宗旨都要有开福纳吉的好寓意。如“鱼”和“余”谐音，象征“年年有余”；“菜头”与“菜头”谐音，象征来年有好彩头，鸡鸭鱼猪牛肉都备齐，则表明来年丰裕。在四川地区，还少不了自家酿制的香肠、腊肉，当然，还有白酒。热闹的年夜饭进行到中段，酒菜正酣，可别只顾着吃喝，晚辈们此时只须给长辈献上几句如“健康长寿”、“万事如意”的吉祥话，就只等长辈乐呵呵发送压岁钱了。相传压岁钱可以压住邪祟，因为“岁”与“祟”谐音，得到压岁钱的小辈就可以平平安安度过一岁。当然，这也是小辈们无可争议最喜欢的过年“节目”。20:00WatchingSpringFestivalGala看春节联欢晚会ShownduringtheChineseNewYear’sEve,theSpringFestivalGalaisalargevarietyshowproducedbyChinaCentralTelevision.Althoughithasbeencriticizedformanytimesbecauseofitsoutdatedcontentsandforms,theGalaisstillanimportantprogramforChinesefamiliestosittogether,enjoyfamilyloveandsharehappinessintheSpringFestival.春节联欢晚会，是中国中央电视台在每年除夕晚上举办的大型文艺晚会。如今虽然饱受形式内容老套的诟病，但依然是大年夜一大家子围坐在沙发上，感受亲情、分享喜乐的重要过年项目。23:00-24:00OfferingIncenseandPraying上香祈福Nearthemidnight,thesoundoftheGalahasbeenalreadycoveredbythethunderoffireworksoutside.Atthemoment,allthefamilymembersgototollNewYearbellsandofferincenseat24:00inanearbytemple.Everyyear,largetemplesindifferentregionsholdgrandSpringRitualforBlessingsonNewYear’sEve.Peopleputtheirpalmstogetherdevoutlyandprayforawonderfulnewyearatthecrowdedtemple.Suchactivitywilllasttotheendofthefirstdayoftheyear.临近午夜，电视机里的声音早已被窗外震耳的炮竹声盖过，人们便扶老携幼全家出动，到附近的寺庙撞新年钟、上子时（零点）香。每年除夕夜，各地大型的寺庙都将举行盛大的新春祈福法会，在人头窜动的寺庙中，人们虔诚地双手合十，祈愿来年的美好。这样的活动也将跨过零点，持续大年初一整日。正月初一January1oftheLunarCalendarCustom:New-YearVisitsandCollectingFortuneVisitingrelativesisstillconsideredamajoreventonthefirstdayofthefirstLunarmonth.Also,itisthebirthdayof“broom”,soitistabootousebroomortakeouttrash,otherwise,youmightsweepawaygoodfortunesandsufferfinanciallosses.习俗：拜年聚财延续自大年夜，拜年依然是大年初一的重要活动。另外由于这天是“扫把星”的生日，正月初一要注意不能动用扫帚，也不要丢垃圾，否则就会扫走运气、破财。正月初二January2oftheLunarCalendarCustom:MarriedDaughtersReturntoParents’HomeMarrieddaughtersvisittheirparentswiththeirhusbandsonthisday,sothisdayisalsocalled“welcomeson-in-lawday”.Thecouplemustbringsomegiftsandredenvelopesalongwiththem,andgivethemtochildrenfromthewife’ssideofthefamily.Theyhavetoreturnhusband’sfamilybeforedinner.习俗：回娘家出嫁的女儿回娘家，要与丈夫同行，所以也称“迎婿日”。这一天，回娘家的女儿必须携带一些礼品和红包，分给娘家的小孩，并且在娘家吃午饭，但要在晚饭前赶回婆家。正月初三January3oftheLunarCalendarCustom:StayingatHomeAccordingtocustom,peopleshouldnotpayvisitstoothersonthethirddayofthefirstlunarmonthasitisverylikelytoquarrelwithothersonthisday.However,thishasalreadybecomeobsolete.ItisarareopportunityforpeopletogetreunitedduringtheSpringFestival,solessandlesspeoplefollowthistradition.习俗：忌出门按照习俗，人们在初三通常不会外出拜年，传说这天容易与人发生争执。不过这个习俗早已过时，现在人们难得春节团聚，对此已经淡化许多。正月初四January4oftheLunarCalendarCustom:WorshipingtheGodofWealthItisthedayforworshippingtheGodofWealth.Inthepast,ifanemployeewasnotinvitedtoworshiptheGodofWealthwiththeboss,he/shehadtoresignaccordingtotheunwrittenrule.习俗：祭财神今天是及财神的日子，过去，老板想将某人“炒鱿鱼”，这天就不请他来拜神，对方也就心知肚明，自己收拾走人。正月初五January5oftheLunarCalendarCustom:BreakingFiveItisthedayto“driveawayfiveghostsofpoverty”(Povertyinintelligence,knowledge,literacy,fate,andfriendship).Peoplelightfirecrackersinthemorningforminsidetooutsideoftheirhousestoscareawayallthe“ghosts”.习俗：破五俗称破五，要“赶走五穷”，包括“智穷、学穷、