英美文学史 重要作家作品

...v.EnglishLiterature——ThebeginningperiodofEnglishliteratureChaucer,thefirstimportantwriterinEnglishhistoryBeowulf,themostimpressivelongpoeminOldEnglish,wascreatedaroundA.D.700;itisbelievedwrittenbyaDanishcleric.14thCEngland,threemajorpoets:GeoffreyChaucer,WilliamLangland,andtheanonymous“Gawain-poet〞ChauceristhefatherofmodernEnglishpoetry.Hisfirstmajorwork:TheBookoftheDuchesshismonumentalsuccess:TheCanterburyTales〔砍特博雷故事集〕WilliamLangland,“PiersPlowman〞SirGawainandtheGreenKnight,oneofthemostoutstandingpoemsinmedievalEnglishliterature,wasnotfocusingonrealhumanlifeandcharacter.——Thegloryofpoetry:FromSidneytoPopeFivegreatpoets:Shakespeare,Spenser,Sidney,Donne,MiltonPhilipSidney(菲利普·西德尼),bestrepresentedthespiritoftheElizabethAge.Thefamouswords:〞Thyneedisgreaterthanmine.〞Hismajorachievementasapoet:AstrophelandStellaOthers:DefenseofPoetry(诗辩),AnApologyforPoetryEdmundSpencer(斯宾塞):TheFaerieQueen(仙后),hisgreatallegoryTheShepheardesCalendar(牧羊人的日记)Amoretti(爱情小诗)Shakespeare:Sonnets---representthefinestpoeticcraftsmanshipofElizabethanpoetry.HewasthemostdistinguishedpractitioneroftheEnglishsonnetduringtheElizabethanAge.JohnDonne(多恩)---ametaphysicalpoet(玄学派);HolySonnetsOthermetaphysicalpoetsofhistime:GeorgeHerbert,RichardCrashaw,HenryVaughanJohnMilton(弥尔顿):ParadiseLostishismasterpieceandoneofthegreatestpoemsinworldliterature.ParadiseRegained,SamsonAgonistes(drama)JohnDryden(德莱顿)asapoet---theneoclassicists(新古典主义)AlexanderPope(亚历山大·薄柏):HebroughttheheroiccoupletHisfirstimportantpoem,AnEssayonCriticismHismostfamouspoem,TheRapeoftheLock——ThegoldenageofEnglishdramaTheElizabethanAgeistheageofsonnets,andtheageofdrama.ChristopherMarlowe(克里斯托弗·马洛),heisthemostoutstandingdramatistamongthegroup“UniversityWits〞.HeisacknowledgedasthegreatesttragedywriterbeforeWilliamShakespeare.TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorEaustus(浮士德医生)TheJewofMalta(马耳他岛的犹太人)WilliamShakespeare’sdramaticcareercanbedividedintofourperiodsBenJonson:VolponeortheFox,TheAlchemistJohnWebster:TheWhiteDevilandTheDuchessofMalfi——ThebeautyofProse:FromMalorytoPepysKingAlfred’sAngloSaxonChronicle(编年史)isconsideredthebeginningofEnglishprose.ThomasMalory:LeMorteD’Arthur---alandmarkachievementinthisfield17th.C,greatprosewriters:FrancisBacon,ThomasBrowne,SamuelPepysMilton’sAreopagitica(为英国人民申辩);TheBibleofKingJamesVersion---thenoblestmonumentofFrancisBacon:Essays---hebecamethefirstEnglish“essayist〞——TheriseofthenovelPamela(帕米拉),thefirstmatureEnglishnovel----Englishnovelsbefore18thCJohnBunyan(班扬):masterpiece,ThePilgrim’sProgress(天路历程)----Theriseofthenovelin18thCDanielDefoe:TheLifeandAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoeJonathanSwift:Gulliver’sTravels(格列佛游记)----ThematurityofthenovelSamuelRichardson:thefounderoftheEnglishdomesticnovelPamela,orVirtueRewarded---thefirstEnglishnovelHenryFielding:TomThumb---themostpopularplayJosephAndrews(约瑟夫·安德鲁斯)ThelifeofMr.JonathanWildtheGreatTheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling---rankshighAmelia---hislastnovelTobiasSmollett:TheAdventuresofRoderickRandom(蓝登传)TheExpeditionofHumphryClinker(汉弗莱·克林克历险记)LaurenceSterne:TheLifeandOpinionsofTristramShandy(项狄传),ASentimentalJourneyThroughFranceandItaly(感伤的旅行)——Afalseworld:EnglishdramafromDrydentoSheridanJohnDryden---theleadingliteraryfigureintheRestorationperiod----Dramain18thCJohnGay(约翰·盖伊):TheBeggar’sOpera(乞丐歌剧)OliverGoldsmith(哥尔斯密):TheDesertedVillage(荒芜的村庄)TheVicarofWakefield(威克菲尔德的牧师)SheStoopstoConquer(委曲求全)RichardBrinsleySheridan---thegreatestdramatistofthecenturyTheRivals(对手)TheSchoolforScandal(造谣学校)---thebestofhisplays——EmotionandNatureinRomanticPoetryWilliamBlakeandRobertBurnswerethetwonotableforerunnersofromanticpoetry.WilliamBlake:SongsofInnocence(天真之歌)SongsofExperience(经历之歌)MarriageofHeavenandHellRobertBurns:Poems,ChieflyintheScottishDialect(苏格兰方言诗集)ARed,RedRoseAuldLangSyne(友谊地久天长)WilliamWordsworth:ThePrelude(序曲)TheSolitaryReaperIWanderedLonelyasaCloudSamuelTaylorColeridge:TheRimeoftheAncientMariner(老船夫)GeorgeGordon,LordByron(拜伦):DonJuan(唐璜)PercyByssheShelley(雪莱):PrometheusUnbound---hismasterpieceOdetotheWestWind(西风颂)JohnKeats(济慈):HyperionandTheFallofHyperionOdetoAutumn;OdeonaGrecianUrn;OdetoaNightingale——Femalenovelistsin19thCEnglandJaneAusten:PrideandPrejudice(傲慢与偏见)SenseandSensibility(理智与情感)Persuasion(劝说)MansfieldPark(曼斯菲尔德公园)Emma(爱玛)NorthangerAbbey(诺桑觉寺)MaryShelley:FrankensteinCharlotteBronte:JaneEyre(简爱)EmilyBronte:WutheringHeights(吼叫山庄)AnneBronte:AgnesGreyGeorgeEliot:SilasMarner(织工马南);AdamBede(玛丽·巴顿)Middlemarch(米德尔马契)——Socialimagesin19thCEnglishnovelsCharlesJohnHuffamDickens(狄更斯):PickwickPapers(匹克威克外传)OliverTwist(雾都孤儿);DavidCopperfield(大卫·科波菲尔)TheOldCuriosityShop(老古玩店);DombeyandSon(董贝父子)BleakHouse(荒凉山庄);HardTimes(困难时事)LittleDorritt(小杜丽);ATaleofTwoCites(双城记)GreatExpectations(远大前程)WilliamMakepeaceThackeray(萨克雷):VanityFair(名利场)ThomasHardy(托马斯·哈代):TessoftheD’Urbervilles(德伯家的苔丝)JudetheObscure(无名的裘德)FarfromtheMaddingCrowd(远离尘嚣)TheReturnoftheNative(还乡)——Englishprosein18thCand19thC----18th.CproseSamuelJohnson---hisdeathmarkedtheendoftheAgeofReasonLifeofJohnsonTheOxfordEnglishDictionaryThomasCarlyle(卡莱尔):TheFrenchRevolutionPastandPresent——VariousMoodsin19th.CEnglishpoetryAlfred,LordTennyson---themostprolificpoetoftheageInMemoriam;IdyllsoftheKingRobertBrowning:TheRingandtheBook---masterpieceDramatisPersonaeDramaticMonologue(戏剧独白)——Majornovelistsinthelate19thand20thCJosephConrad(康拉德)---p329JohnGalsworthy(高尔斯华)---p335NobelPrizeH.G.(HerbertGeorge)Wells(威尔斯):TheTimeMachine(时间机器)TheInvisibleMan(隐身人)TheWaroftheWorldsAModernUtopia——ThestreamofconsciousnessnovelsVirginiaWoolf(沃尔夫):Mrs.Dalloway(达洛卫夫人)TotheLighthouseOrlando,ABiography(奥兰多传)TheWaves(浪)JamesJoyce(乔伊斯):Ulysses(尤利西斯)APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan(一个青年艺术家的肖像)FinnegansWake——Thenewpoetryin20thCWilliamButlerYeats(威廉·巴特勒·叶芝)---p372NobelPrizeT.S.Eliot---themostinfluentialpoetofthe20thCTheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock---oneofhismostfamouspoemsTheWasteLand(荒原)---hismonumentalsuccessMurderintheCathedral(大教堂凶杀案)TheCocktailParty---dramaHewontheNobelPrizein1948——20thCnovelsbefore1950DavidHerbertLawrence(劳伦斯):SonsandLovers(儿子与情人)TheRainbowWomeninLoveWilliamSomersetMaugham:OfHumanBondageTheMoonandSixpenceCakesandAleTheRazor’sEdgeKatherineMansfield:TheGardenPartyandOtherStoriesGeorgeOrwell(乔治·奥威尔):AnimalFarm(动物庄园)NineteenEight-four(一九八四)——DespairandAbsurdityincontemporaryEnglishdramaJohnOsborne(约翰·奥斯朋):LookBackinAnger(愤怒中回忆)SamuelBeckett(赛缪尔·贝克特)---aforerunnerofthetheateroftheabsurdWaitingforGodot(等待戈多)NobelPrizein1969——DiversifiedtopicsincontemporaryEnglishnovelsWilliamGolding(戈尔丁):LordoftheFlies(蝇王)TheInheritors(继承人)HewontheNobelPrizein1983KingsleyAmis(艾米斯·金斯利):LuckyJim(幸运的吉姆)UndertheNet(网之下)DorisLessing:TheGoldenNotebook(金色笔记)ShewontheNobelPrizein2007AmericanLiterature——AmericanRomanticismAmericanliteratureachievedmaturityinthe19thC.----EarlyRomanticismWashingtonIrving(华盛顿·欧文):RipVanWinkle---p73JamesFenimoreCooper(詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏):theseriesiffivenovelsTheDeerslayer(杀鹿人);TheLastoftheMohicans(最后的莫希干人);ThePathfinder(探路者);ThePioneers(拓荒者);ThePrairie(草原)----TranscendentalismandSymbolicRepresentationRalphWaldoEmerson(拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生)---themostrepresentativeTranscendentalist---p88Nature;TheAmericanScholarHenryDavidThoreau(亨利·戴维·梭罗):WaldenTheessay“CivilDisobedience〞----InterrogationInnocenceNathanielHawthorne(纳撒尼尔·霍桑):TheScarletLetter---thefirstgreatAmericannovelHermanMelville(赫尔曼·梅尔维尔):Moby-Dick(白鲸)EdgarAllanPoe(爱伦·坡)---p114----WhitmanandDickinsonWaltWhitman(沃尔特·惠特曼):LeavesofGrass(草叶集)EmilyDickinson---p127----AHouseDivided:WritingagainstslaveryHarrietBeecherStowe:UncleTom’sCabin(汤姆叔叔的小屋)FrederickDouglass:NarrativeoftheLifeofFrederickDouglass,anAmericanSlave——AmericanRealism----RegionalandLocalcolorwritingsMarkTwain(马克·吐温)---thegreatesthumoristinthe19thCTheGildedAge(镀金时代)TheAdventuresofTomSawyerTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnHenryJames---p155----LiteraryNaturalismStephenCrane:Maggie;TheRedBadgeofCourage----womenwritinginthewomenquestionKateChopin:TheAwakening(觉醒)---p176——AmericanModernism----TheevolutionofmodernismWillaCather(薇拉·凯瑟)---p203----AmericanmodernisminEuropeEzraPound(埃兹拉·庞德):Cantos(诗章);Personae(人物)----ModernfictionbetweenthewarsWilliamFaulkner(威廉·弗克那):TheSoundandtheFury(喧嚣与骚动)LightinAugust(八月之光)Godown,MosesHewontheNobelPrizein1949---p225ErnestHemingway(海明威):TheOldManandSea(老人与海)TheSunAlsoRises(太阳照样升起)HewontheNobelPrizein1954---p234F.ScottFitzgerald(弗·斯哥特·菲茨杰拉德):TheGreatGatsby(了不起的盖茨比);TenderistheNight(夜色温柔)----ModernAmericanPoetryT.S.Eliot(艾略特)---p247WilliamCarolsWilliams(威廉姆斯):TheRedWheelbarrow(手推车)PE.E.Cummings(肯明斯):Him;SantaClaus;AMorality----AfricanAmericanliteratureandmodernismJeanToomer(图默):Cane(公民凯恩)LangstonHughes(兰斯顿·休斯):TheNegroSpeaksofRiversZoraNealeHurston(佐拉