建筑英语整理

Firmness坚固Commodity实用Delight美观Architecture建筑学tectonics结构构造construction结构构造engineer（技术类）设计design（形象、视觉类）设计landscape景观technology工业技术interiordesign室内设计aesthetics美学aesthetic美的architectonics建筑学结构设计behaviorsciencesociology社会学anthropology人类学（anthropo）beam梁（统称）simplesupportbeam简支梁cantilever悬臂梁sheardiagram剪力图momentdiagram弯矩图shearforce剪力continuousbeam连续梁building建筑物bond砌合粘合substructure地下基础superstructure地上基础foundation地基roof屋顶+ceiling天花板+shelltallbuilding高层建筑high-rise高层superhigh-rise超高层skyscraper摩天大楼mid-rise中层multi-storey多层的low–rise低层loft阁楼mezzanine夹层basement地下室firstfloor首层 cellar地窖portico（有圆柱）的门廊porch门廊colonnade石柱廊porte-cochere停车门廊porta肝门正式的门doorway门口门道patio露台小院courtyard庭院院子forecourt前院atrium心房中庭前厅atria中庭前厅（复数）也可直接加ssiteplan总平面图masterplan规划总平面图elevation立面图plan平面图section剖面图seal印章load-bearing荷载interiorwall内墙exteriorwall外墙partition（wall）隔墙wording行文语气措词whaling捕鲸shrimping捕虾业skylight天窗dormer（window）老虎窗flatroof平屋顶pitch斜坡坡度pitchrise坡高pitchrun坡长pitchedroof坡屋顶gable山墙gableroof双坡顶hiproof四坡顶hippedroof切角双坡顶gambrelroof斜折线屋顶;复折式屋顶mansardroof折线形屋顶;复折式屋顶;双重斜坡的四边形屋顶shedroof单坡屋顶lean-to（小）单坡屋顶butterflyroof蝶形屋顶sawtoothroof锯齿屋顶sheddomergambleroofdrain屋顶的雨水口drain排水沟排水管gutter（路边）排水沟（屋顶）天沟eaves屋你檐pavilionroof攒尖式屋顶,亭顶form形式shape形状line线条texture肌理质感手感visualtexture视觉质感tactiletexture触觉质感massing体量composition构图additive加法subtractive减法symbol符号sign标志pattern纹理图案detail细部articulation清晰度突显连接一起（让个体突显出来的）连接方式fabric构造肌理diagram图表diagraph图文telegraph电报电信telegram电报photograph相片designprinciple设计原则triplex三层三重的unity统一duplex两部分的复式房屋bicycle双轮自行车monocycle独轮车order秩序harmony协调coherent条例清晰地agreement协调similarity类似相似proximity（位置）相似continuity连续alignment对位对齐align对齐使之在一条线上hierarchy['haiərɑ:ki]层次层级级别opposition对比juxtaposition并列放置并置tension张力uniformity一致单调homogeneous同性质的均质的regular规则的均匀的monotony单调乏味无聊monotonous单调的variety品种多样化contrast对比anomaly异常不规则atypicalpneumonia[nju:ˈməunjə]非典型肺炎severeacuterespiratory.['respərə,tɔ:ri:,-,təʊri:,rɪ'spaɪərə-]syndrome.['sindrəum]严重呼吸性综合症balance平衡的equilibrium[,i:kwə'lɪbri:əm,,ekwə-]平均均势symmetric均衡的asymmetric不对称的非均匀的（逻辑上）非对称的bilateralD.J.[bai'lætərəl]双边的bilateralsymmetric左右对称radial辐射状的放射形的axis对称轴（axes）axisofevilcountry邪恶轴心国rhythm节奏韵律localsymmetric局部对称gradation渐变proportion比例goldensection/mean黄金分割scale尺度比例humanscalevisualscalemodule单元模块ergonomicsD.J.[,ə:ɡəu'nɔmiks]人体工学humanengineering人体工程学anthropology人类学anthropomorphize人格化SDschematicdesign方案设计DDCdesigndevelopment初步设计（preliminarydes）Detail详图shopdetail用于加工的详图CDconstructiondocuments施工图设计conceive构思怀孕Synthesis综合syntheticmaterial合成材料SynchronizeD.J.['sɪŋkrə,naɪz,'sɪn-]步调一致同步modify修改Refine优化提炼inflection（小）变形transformation（大）变形变质Phase阶段时期phase1第一阶段image构思出来的形Creativity创造力originality原创性imagination想象力幻想物Concept概念scheme方案typology类型学象征论prototype原形architype（医）原形Neolithic.[,ni:ə'lɪθɪk]新石器时代prehistoric史前的Stoneage石器时代macro-宏观中观MadhyamikaGothicRerival哥特复兴CarpenterGothic木工哥特式EcoredesBeauArts巴黎美术学院eclecticism折中主义ArtsandCraftsMovement工艺美术运动RichardsonianRomannesque里查德森浪漫主义ArtNouveauD.J.[nu:'vəu]新艺术StileLibeSezession分离派Modernismo现代主义Jugendstil（德）新艺术青年式therm热Kelvin（加尔文）scale开氏温度thermometer温度计absolutescale绝对温度absolutezero绝对零度phasechange相变gaseousphase气态（steam）solidphase固态liquidphase液态conduction传导热传导convection对流传递radiation辐射radioactive放射性的circulation流线pedestrian[pə'dɛstriən]circulation人流vehicularcirculation车流autobiography自传wok炒菜锅ketchup番茄汁kowtow磕头kowtowtoastronautD.J.['æstrənɔ:t]太空人taikonaut中国太空人thermaltransmission热传导thermalbreak（barrier）隔热infiltration渗透mineralwool矿棉fiberglass玻璃纤维rockwool岩石棉fiberoptic光纤thermalinsulation（隔离）绝热thermalcomfort热舒适humidityradio湿度计heatingventilationair-conditioningHVAC暖通专业centralheating中央采暖中央暖气系统thermostat温控器heatingload热荷载coolingload冷荷载heatingdegree-day增温度日tack通风管（vent-pipe）duck潜入躲闪duckwork管道工infrared红外线ultravioletD.J.[,ʌltrə'vaiəlit]紫外线wavelength波长x-rayX射线microcosmic

微观的angleofreflection反射角diffus漫反射（diffusion）transparent透明的translucent半透明（只透光不投影）opaque不透明的bulb电灯泡fluorescentD.J.[fluə'resnt]lamp荧光灯starter启辉器ellipticalD.J.[i'liptikəl]reflector反光罩diffuser通光板扩散体institution制度institute建立着手institutionalism制度学派rationalism理性主义唯理论modernisno（西班牙）现代主义DeStijl风格派Brutalism粗野主义modernism现代主义Abstractexpressionism抽象表现主义post-modernism后现代主义Bauhaus包豪斯建筑学派Beaux-Artarchitecture巴黎美院CubismD.J.['kju:bizm]立体派synthesis综合ostentation（s）炫耀Physicalplanning实体规划physic物理physics物理学Publicbads公共败笔goods善品货品drafting制图Draftsman绘图员grid网格gridiron金属网格（喻街道）Objectline实线dashedlinedasheddot点划线Centerline中心线axis轴线elevator电梯FacadeD.J.[fə'sɑ:d]正立面planlever1.一层平面keyplan索引总图Slums贫民窟urbandecay城市退化settlement居民点reconstructionandrenewal修复更新suburbanize[səˈbə:bənaiz]市郊化landuseplanning土地利用规划monopolyD.J.[mə'nɔpəli]垄断avant-garde先锋派deconstruction解构主义balcony阳台blueprint蓝图government-subsidizedhousing保障房affordablehousing经济适用房maximize最大化bulldozer推土机恐吓者inclusivedesign包容性设计conventional常规的utilities市政工程accessibility可行性hazard灾害公害trafficcalmingmeasure交通纾缓促使bufferzone缓冲区pedestrianisation人行道obedienceD.J.[əʊ'bi:di:əns]服从environmentaldeterminism环境决定论naturalsurveillance（盯梢监视）自然监察address对待应对facilities（人行道，公园…）工程decay衰败Circulation流线Pedestriancirculation人行流线Vehicularcirculation车行流线Tripod三脚架Infrastruction基础设施Superstructure上层建筑Urban城市Urbanization城市化Suburban郊区，近郊Countryside农村Urbancenter---urbanarea---suburban---countryside---nature---nomanzone城市中心---城市地区---郊区---农村---自然区---无人区Publictransit轨道交通Governmentsubsidize廉租房Economicrestructure经济结构转型Structuralchange结构转换Grass-root-movement草根运动Propertyline建筑红线Setback退红线CBDcentralbusinessdistrict中央商务区WashingtonDCWashingtonDistrictofColumbiaNeighborhood邻里Monocentric单中心Polycentric多中心Edgecity边缘城市Urbanregeneration城市再造Community社区Megacity巨型城市Siteplanning场地规划Masterplanning总体规划Legislation立法Legislature立法机构Legallybiding依法招标Regulationcontrol控规Landscape景观Vista指从本人立场往外看Sightline/vistasline视线Renew/regeneration/reconstruction城市更新Builtenvironment人造环境Urbanizedarea城市建成区Municipality城市Regionalplanning区域规划Zhuriverdelta珠江三角洲地区Feasibleadj.可行性feasibilityn.Feasibilitystudy可行性研究Industrializedcity工业化城市Citizen市民Humanscale人体尺度Sustainabledevelopment可持续发展Sustainabilityn.Ecosystem生态系统Consumption消费Heatisland/bridge热岛/桥Pedestrianfriendly行人友好Userfriendly用户友好Demographyn.人口统计学demographicadj.demo-人TNDtraditionalneighborhooddevelopment传统邻里开发TODtransit-orienteddevelopment以公共交通为导向的开发模式Industry-oriented以工业为导向Lane车道Multilaneboulevard多车道林荫道（深南、滨海）Ruralarea----反义-----urbanareaHinter内陆、腹地Commute坐车上下班Quantity量quality质Qualitydesign