全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程4-Unit-6-课件

DR_Text1OldFatherTimeBecomesaTerror

Onceuponatime,technology,wethought,wouldmakeourliveseasier.Machineswereexpectedtodoourworkforus,leavinguswithever-increasingquantitiesoftimetowasteawayonidlenessandpleasure.Butinsteadofliberatingus,technologyhasenslavedus.Innovationsareoccurringatabewilderingrate:asmanynowarriveinayearasoncearrivedinamillennium.Andaseachinventionarrives,iteatsfurtherintoourtime.RichardTomkinsDR_Text1OldFatherTimeBeDR_Text2Themotorcar,forexample,promisedunimaginablelevelsofpersonalmobility.Butnow,trafficincitiesmovesmoreslowlythanitdidinthedaysofthehorse-drawncarriage,andwewasteourlivesstuckintrafficjams.Theaircraftpromisednewhorizons,too.Thetroubleis,itdeliveredthem.Itsveryexistencecreatedademandfortime-consumingjourneysthatwewouldneverpreviouslyhavedreamedofundertaking—thetransatlanticshoppingexpedition,forexample,orthetriptoaconventionontheothersideoftheworld.DR_Text2ThemotorcarDR_Text3Inmostcases,technologyhasnotsavedtime,butenabledustodomorethings.Inthehome,washingmachinespromisedtofreewomenfromhavingtotoiloverthelaundry.Inreality,theyencouragedustochangeourclothesdailyinsteadofweekly,creatingseventimesasmuchwashingandironing.Similarly,theweeklybathhasbeenreplacedbythedailyshower,multiplyingthehoursspentonpersonalgrooming.DR_Text3InmostcaseDR_Text4Meanwhile,technologyhasnotonlyallowedworktospreadintoourleisuretime—thelaptop-on-the-beachsyndrome—butaddedthenewburdenofdealingwithfaxes,e-mailsandvoicemails.IthasalsoprovideduswiththeopportunitytospendhoursfixingsoftwareglitchesonourpersonalcomputersorfillingourheadswithuselessinformationfromtheInternet.Technologyapart,theInternetpointsthewaytoasecondreasonwhywefeelsotime-pressed:theinformationexplosion.DR_Text4Meanwhile,tDR_Text5Acoupleofcenturiesago,nearlyalltheworld’saccumulatedlearningcouldbecontainedintheheadsofafewphilosophers.Today,thoseheadscouldnothopetoaccommodatemorethanatinyfractionoftheinformationgeneratedinasingleday.News,factsandopinionspourinfromeverycorneroftheworld.Thetelevisionsetoffers150channels.TherearemillionsofInternetsites.Magazines,booksandCD-ROMsproliferate.DR_Text5AcoupleofceDR_Text6“Inthewholeworldofscholarship,therewereonlyahandfulofscientificjournalsinthe18thcentury,andthepublicationofabookwasanevent,”saysEdwardWilson,honorarycuratorinentomologyatHarvardUniversity’smuseumofcomparativezoology.“Now,Ifindmyselfsubscribingto60or70journalsormagazinesjusttokeepmeupwithwhatamountstoaminuteproportionoftheexpandingfrontiersofscholarship.”DR_Text6“InthewholDR_Text7Thereisanotherreasonforourincreasedtimestresslevels,too:risingprosperity.Asever-largerquantitiesofgoodsandservicesareproduced,theyhavetobeconsumed.Drivenonbyadvertising,wedoourbesttooblige:webuymore,travelmoreandplaymore,butwestruggletokeepup.SowesufferfromwhatWilsoncallsdiscontentwithsuperabundance—theconfusionofendlesschoice.Ofcourse,noteveryoneisoverstressed.“It’saconvenientshorthandtosaywe’realltime-starved,butwehavetorememberthatitonlyappliesto,say,halfthepopulation,”saysMichaelWillmott,directoroftheFutureFoundation,aLondonresearchcompany.DR_Text7ThereisanoDR_Text8“You’vegotpeopleretiringearly,you’vegottheunemployed,you’vegototherpeoplemaybeonlyperipherallyinvolvedintheeconomywhodon’thavethissituationatall.Ifyou’reunemployed,yourproblemisthatyou’vegottoomuchtime,nottoolittle.”PaulEdwards,chairmanoftheLondon-basedHenleyCentreforecastinggroup,pointsoutthatthefeelingofpressurescanalsobeexaggerated,orself-imposedimposed.“Everyonetalksaboutitsomuchthatabout50percentofunemployedorretiredpeoplewilltellyoutheyneverhaveenoughtimetogetthingsdone,”hesays.DR_Text8“You’vegotDR_Text9“It’salmostgottothepointwherethere’sstressenvy.Ifyou’renotstressed,you’renotsucceeding.Everyonewantstohavealittlebitofthisstresstoshowthey’reanimportantperson.”Thereisanotheraspecttoallofthistoo.Hour-by-hourlogskeptbythousandsofvolunteersoverthedecadeshaveshownthat,intheU.K.,workinghourshaverisenonlyslightlyinthelast10years,andintheU.S.,theyhaveactuallyfallen—evenforthoseinprofessionalandexecutivejobs,wheretheperceptionsofstressarehighest.DR_Text9“It’salmostDR_Text10IntheU.S.,JohnRobinson,professorofsociologyattheUniversityofMaryland,andGeoffreyGodbey,professorofleisurestudiesatPennStateUniversityfoundthat,sincethemid-1960s,theaverageAmericanhadgainedfivehoursaweekinfreetime—thatis,timeleftafterworking,sleeping,commuting,caringforchildrenanddoingthechores.

Thegains,however,wereunevenlydistributed.Thepeoplewhobenefitedthemostweresinglesandempty-nesters.Thosewhogainedtheleast—lessthananhour-wereworkingcoupleswithpre-schoolchildren,perhapsreflectingthetrendforparentstospendmoretimenurturingtheiroffspring.DR_Text10IntheU.S.DR_Text11Thereis,ofcourse,agenderissuehere,too.Advancesinhouseholdappliancesmayhaveencouragedwomentotakepayingjobs:butaswehavealreadynoted,technologydidnotendhouseholdchores.Asaresult,weseeappallinginequalitiesinthedistributionoffreetimebetweenthesexes.AccordingtotheHenleyCentre,workingfathersintheU.K.average48hoursoffreetimeaweek.Workingmothersget14.DR_Text11Thereis,oDR_Text12Inequalitiesapart,theperceptionofthetimefamineiswidespread,andhasprovoked

avarietyofreactions.Oneisanattempttogainthelargestpossibleamountofsatisfactionfromthesmallestpossibleinvestmentoftime.Peopletodaywantfastfood,soundbytesandinstantgratification.Andtheybecomeupsetwhentimeiswasted.DR_Text12InequalitiDR_Text13“Peopletalkaboutqualitytime.Theywantperfectmoments,”saystheHenleyCentre’sEdwards.“IfyoutakeyourkidstoamovieandMcDonald’sandit’snotperfect,you’vewastedanafternoon,andit’sasensethatyou’velostsomethingprecious.Ifyoulosesomemoneyyoucanearnsomemore,butifyouwastetimeyoucannevergetitback.”Peoplearealsotryingtobuytime.Anythingthathelpsstreamlineourlivesisagrowthmarket.OneexampleiswhatAmericanscallconciergeservices—domestichelp,childcare,gardeninganddecorating.Andon-lineretailersareseeingbigincreasesinsales—thoughnot,asyet,profits.DR_Text13“PeopletalDR_Text14Athirdreactiontotimefaminehasbeenthegrowthofthework-lifedebate.Youhearmoreaboutpeopletakingearlyretirementorgivinguphighpressurejobsinfavourofoccupationswithshorterworkinghours.AndbodiessuchasBritain’sNationalWork-LifeForumhavesprungup,urgingemployerstoendthelong-hourscultureamongmanagersandtoadoptfamily-friendlyworkingpolicies.Thetroublewithallthesereactionsisthatliberatingtime—whetherbymakingbetteruseofit,buyingitfromothersorreducingtheamountspentatwork—isfutileifthehoursgainedareimmediatelydivertedtootherpurposes.DR_Text14AthirdreaDR_Text15

AsGodbeypointsout,thestresswefeelarisesnotfromashortageoftime,butfromthesurfeitofthingswetrytocramintoit.“It’sthekidinthecandystore,”hesays.“There’sjustsomanygoodgoodthingstodo.Thearrayofchoicesisstunning.Ourfreetimeisincreasing,butnotasfastasoursenseofthenecessary.”Amoresuccessfulremedymaylieinunderstandingtheproblemratherthanevadingit.DR_Text15AsGodbeyDR_Text16Beforetheindustrialrevolution,peoplelivedinsmallcommunitieswithlimitedcommunications.Withintheconfinesoftheirvillage,theycouldreasonablyexpecttoknoweverythingthatwastobeknown,seeeverythingthatwastobeseen,anddoeverythingthatwastobedone.Today,beingcuriousbynature,wearestilltryingtodothesame.Buttheglobalvillageisaworldoflimitlesspossibilities,andwecanneverachieveouraim.DR_Text16BeforetheDR_Text17Itisnotmoretimeweneed:itisfewerdesires.Weneedtoswitchoffthecell-phoneandleavethechildrentoplaybythemselves.Weneedtobuyless,readlessandtravelless.Weneedtosetboundariesforourselves,orbedoomedtomountingdespair.DR_Text17ItisnotmDR_S_Thetroubleis…Thetroubleis,itdeliveredthem.Whatdo“deliver”and“them”herereferto?“Deliver”meanstoprovideortobring,“them”hererefersto“horizons”.2.Whatdoes“trouble”imply?Itimpliestheunfavorableeffectoftheinventionofaircraft,thatis,people,drivenonbynewhorizons,wouldliketospendmoretimeontime-consumingjourneys.

DR_S_Thetroubleis…TheDR_S_Now…Now,Ifindmyselfsubscribingto60or70journalsormagazinesjusttokeepmeupwithwhatamountstoaminuteproportionoftheexpandingfrontiersofscholarship.1.Paraphrase“theexpandingfrontiersofscholarship”.theever-advancingdevelopmentinthenewfieldofacademy2.Whatisthepurposefortheauthortoquotethissentence?Thepurposeistogiveusamorevividpictureabouttheinformationexplosion.DR_S_Now…Now,IfindmyseDR_S_Sowesufferfrom…SowesufferfromwhatWilsoncallsdiscontentwithsuperabundance—stheconfusionofendlesschoice.1.Whatdoes“superabundance”referto?Itreferstotheaquantityofgoodsandservices.2.Whatcanweinferfromthesentence?Thequantityofgoodsandservicesistoomuch,itisendless,andwhat’smore,itincreasesourtimestresslevels.DR_S_Sowesufferfrom…SoDR_S_It’salmost…It’salmostgottothepointwherethere’sstressenvy.1.Whatdoes“stressenvy”mean?Ifyouarenotstressed,thatshowsyouarenotverysuccessful.2.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“stressenvy”?Tomakehisargumentcomprehensiveandmoreconvincing,theauthorrevealedthefactthatnoteveryoneisoverstressedthough50percentofunemployedorretiredpeopletellyoutheyneverhaveenoughtimetogetthingsdone.3.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.这几乎到了羡慕压力的程度。DR_S_It’salmost…It’salDR_S_Thegains…Thegains,however,wereunevenlydistributed.1.Whatdoes“thegains”referto?“Thegains”referstothefivehoursaweekAmericanshadgainedastheirfreetime.2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.但增加的时间分配得并不均匀。DR_S_Thegains…ThegainsDR_S_Asaresult…1.Whatdoes“appalling”mean?“Appalling”means“amazing,surprising”.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthesentence?Theadvancesinhouseholdapplianceshaven’tsetwomenfreefromhouseholdchores.Asaresult,weseeappallinginequalitiesinthedistributionoffreetimebetweenthesexes.DR_S_Asaresult…1.WhatDR_S_Oneisanattempt…Oneisanattempttogainthelargestpossibleamountofsatisfactionfromthesmallestpossibleinvestmentoftime.1.Paraphrasethesentence.Onereactionistryingtoobtainthelargestpossiblequantitiesofcontentbyconsumingtimeaslittleaspossible.2.Giveafewexamplesofthisreaction.Peopletodaywantfastfood,soundbytesandinstantgratification.Andtheybecomeupsetwhentimeiswasted.DR_S_Oneisanattempt…OnDR_S_Anythingthat…Anythingthathelpsstreamlineourlivesisagrowthmarket.2.Whyisit“agrowthmarket”?Becausepeoplearetryingtobuytimeandyoucandefinitelygainprofitstohelpthem“save”time.1.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.任何能帮助我们提高生活效率的事物都有越做越大的市场。DR_S_Anythingthat…AnythDR_S_AsGodbey…AsGodbeypointsout,thestresswefeelarisesnotfromashortageoftime,butfromthesurfeitofthingswetrytocramintoit.Wearenotlackingintime.Actuallyitisourever-increasingdesiresthatmakeusfeeltime-starved.

Paraphrasethepartofthesentenceafter“pointout”.DR_S_AsGodbey…AsGodbeyDR_word_quantitiesofquantitiesof:alargeamountofThekeytostayinghealthyandstrongwhenbackpacking(挑运)istoeatlargequantitiesofenergy-richfoods.在寒冷的冬天，大部分动物必须通过吃大量的食物来获得维持正常生命活动的能量。Incoldweathermostanimalsmusteatlargequantitiesoffoodtoobtaintheenergyneededtocarryonnormalbodyactivities.Collocation:

alargequantityof大量的DR_word_quantitiesofquanDR_word_eatintoeatinto:graduallyreducetheamountof(sth.valuable);damageordestroyAcideatsintothemetal,damagingitssurface.Hisextravagancesateintohisinheritances.Collocation:

eatoutof吃光…DR_word_eatintoeatinto:DR_word_inrealityinreality:inactualfact;reallyHebecamethatcountry’srulerbothinnameandreality.Somefamousprivateschoolsaretheoreticallyopentothepublic,butinrealityareattendedbythosewhocanaffordthefees.

Collocation:acceptreality承认事实denyreality否认事实facereality面对事实DR_word_inrealityinreaDR_word_

multiply1multiply:v.1)increaseinnumberorquantityFearmultipliesthedifficultiesoflife.我们可以将高乘以宽以求出面积。Wecouldmultiplytheheightbythewidthtodeterminethearea.Inafewminutespeopleinthesquaremultipliedintothousands.2)addanumbertoitselfaparticularnumberoftimesMultiplyinglargequantitiesinone’sheadhasbecomealostartsincethearrivalofthecalculator.DR_word_multiply1multiplyDR_word_

multiply2multiply常指自然生殖或同类事物的不断重复而造成的增

加，也可以指大幅度或成倍的增加。例如：increase是最普通的用语，表示通过增加数量或自然增大而在数目、规模、分量、程度等方面的增长，常含有递进性或按比例增加之意。例如：两国间的贸易额每年都在递增。multiply,increase&add这几个词都是动词，都有“增加”、“增大”之意。CF:Rabbitsmultiplyrapidly.兔子繁殖很快。Thevolumeoftradebetweenthetwocountrieshasbeenincreasingeachyear.DR_word_multiply2multiplyDR_word_

multiply3add主要指通过添加而导致在数量、大小、重要性方面的增加。add

常与介词to连用。例如：这些事实综合起来，构成了一个无可争辩的理由。Thatwasaddingfueltothefire.这正是火上加油。Thefactsaddedtogethertobuildupanindisputabletheory.DR_word_multiply3add主要指DR_word_pourinMessagesofcongratulationcamepouringin.pourin:gointoaplacequicklyandinlargenumbersManyfootballfanspouredintothestadiumtohavealookattheirfavoritefootballplayers.Collocation:pourdown沿…流下pourfrom从…流下pourinto流进DR_word_pourinMessagesofDR_word_comparativeSomesociologistshavecarriedoutlarge-scalehistorical-comparativestudies.comparative:adj.involvingcomparisonorcomparingEthologyisascienceconcernedwiththecomparativestudyofanimalbehavior.DR_word_comparativeSomesDR_word_amounttoIn1959thecombinedvalueofU.S.importsandexportsamountedtolessthan9percentofthecountry’sgrossdomesticproducts.amountto:beequalto;addupto这就等于要把整件事重做一遍。Thisamountstodoingthewholethingoveragain.DR_word_amounttoIn1959tDR_word_minute1Aminuteexaminationrevealedsmallflecks(斑点)ofbloodonthecoat.minute:adj.verysmallinsizeoramountThekitchenisminute,withbarelyroomfortwopeopletoturnaround.minute

意思是“很小的”、“细微的”，在本组词中算是“最小的”。small

指大小、重量、数量、规模、力量、重要性等方面“小的”、“少的”。minute,small&little这几个词都是形容词，都有“小的”之意。CF:DR_word_minute1AminuteexDR_word_minute2little

没有真正的比较级和最高级，它经常暗示所谈及的人、物小得可爱。而small就没有这种含义，它多表示比较，是相对而言的。Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwords.minute,small&little1.Heisaman,onlyonepointfivemeterstall.2.Hiswritingis.3.Whatanicegarden!4.Thereisabirdinthetree.5.Thereareparticlesofgolddustontheground.6.Youmadeoneortwomistakes.small_____small_____minute______minute______little_____little_____DR_word_minute2little没有真DR_word_frontier1Toopenupthespacefrontier,NASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration)(（美国）国家航空和宇宙航行局)willtrytolowerthecostofaccesstoEarthorbit.frontier:n.(usu.pl)extremelimitofanareaofknowledgeoraparticularactivitythefrontiersofmedicine2)borderbetweentwocountriesDR_word_frontier1ToopenuDR_word_frontier2MountQomolangma,thehighestmountainintheworld,withaheightof8,848m(29,035ft),risesintheHimalayasonthefrontierofNepal(尼泊尔)andChina.瑞典的边界与挪威、芬兰相连。SwedenhasfrontierswithNorwayandFinland.DR_word_frontier2MountQoDR_word_stress1stress:1)n.pressureorworryresultingfrommentalorphysicaldistress,difficultcircumstances,etc.(followedbyon)Populationgrowthandpollutionplaceenormousstressontheworld’ssupplyofusablewater.他的压力很大因为他的工作太多了。Heisunderstressbecausehehastoomuchworktodo.2)vt.putstress,pressure,orstrainonApersonwhoisstressedtypicallyhasanxiousthoughtsanddifficultyconcentratingorremembering.DR_word_stress1stress:PopDR_word_stress2ImuststressthatwhatIsayisconfidential.Collocation:lay/put/placestresson/upon着重于，把重点放在…上DR_word_stress2ImuststreDR_word_prosperityprosperity:n.

stateofbeingeconomicallysuccessful;stateofbeingsuccessfulorrichWarbringsnoprosperitytothegreatmassofordinarycitizens.Somepeoplearguethatglobalizationwillbringtheprosperitysofarenjoyedonlybywealthyindustrializednationstothedevelopingcountries.DR_word_prosperityprosperiDR_word_oblige1oblige:1.vt.

1)do(someone)afavorPleaseobligemebyleavingmealone.请给我一根火柴，好吗？Couldyouobligemewithamatch?2)force(someonetodosomething)(usu.usedinthepassivevoice)Incertaincountriesthelawobligesparentstosendtheirchildrentoschool.DR_word_oblige1oblige:PleaDR_word_oblige2请唱支歌，好吗？Willyouobligewithasong?Hefeltobligedtoleaveaftersuchanunpleasantargument.2.vi.politetodo(someone)afavorWearehappytooblige.Collocation:obligeby答应做…使满足obligewith以…使满足DR_word_oblige2请唱支歌，好吗？WilDR_word_abundance1abundance:n.

quantitythatismorethanenough;plentyMostmilkconsistsofanabundanceofthemajornutrientsneededbythebodyforgoodhealth.Shehadanabundanceofveryblackhair.Collocation:anabundanceof大量的inabundance富有Bythemid-15thcenturypaperwasavailableinabundance.DR_word_abundance1abundancDR_word_abundance2alifeofabundance富裕的生活ofabundance富裕的abundance常指数量很多，超过需要。例如：plenty

指数量很多，超过期望。例如：abundance,plenty&profusion这三个词都是名词，都有“大量”之意。CF:Atthefeasttherewasfoodanddrinkinabundance.宴会上有大量的食物和饮料。Theoccasionwascelebratedwithplentyoffestivities.欢度那个节日举行了许多庆祝活动。DR_word_abundance2alifeoprofusion指数量很大，并含有过多之意。例如：DR_word_abundance3SeldomhaveIseenfoodanddrinkservedinsuchprofusion.我很少见过供应这样丰富的食物和饮料。profusion指数量很大，并含有过多之意。例如：DDR_word_confusionconfusion:n.

bewildermentorembarrassmentThereisstillconfusionaboutthenumberofcasualties.为了避免混淆，各队穿了不同颜色的衣服。Toavoidconfusion,theteamsworedifferentcolors.DR_word_confusionconfusionDR_word_forecast1forecast:n.

1.v.tellinadvance;predictThemeansofforecastingnaturaldisasters,suchasfloodsandhurricanes,haveimprovedimmenselyasscienceandtechnologyhaveadvanced.MayitturnoutasIforecasted?2.n.astatementoffutureevents,basedonsomekindofknowledgeorjudgementThenewspaper’sforecastthatthesenator(议员)wouldbeelectedagainwasright.Didyoulistentotheweatherforecastontheradio?DR_word_forecast1forecast:DR_word_forecast2Expertshaveforecastanupturninthestockmarket.专家们预测证券市场行情看涨。forecast指根据已知可能的发展进程或将来的情况作

出大概的预测，尤适用于天气预报．例如：forecast,foretell&predict这几个词都是动词，均有“预言”、“预示”、“预告”之意。CF:Theweathermanwasunabletoforecasttheweathermorethanthreedaysinadvance.气象员不能预报出三天以后的天气情况。DR_word_forecast2ExpertsDR_word_forecast3Heforetellseventsformtheflightsofbirds.他能从鸟的飞行来预测事件。foretell

是普通用语，原带有迷信色彩，表示预言注定的命运，但现在这种色彩逐渐消失，主语可以是人或物。例如：Whocanforetellwhatwillhappen?谁能预言将会发生什么事呢？DR_word_forecast3HeforetDR_word_forecast4Whocanpredicthowtheelectionswillturnout?谁能预测选举的结果将会怎样？predict较为正式，语气比forecast强烈，指从已知事实

推断或根据自然定律断定未来的事情，其准确度

不一，可以和foretell互换，但主语只能是人。

例如：DR_word_forecast4WhocanDR_word_volunteervolunteer:1.n.personwhoofferstodosth.withoutbeingcompelledorpaidSomestudentsservedasvolunteerstohelptheoldanddisabledinthecommunityintheirsparetime.2.

v.offerone’sservicesorhelpwithoutpaymentWhenWorldWarTwobrokeout,hevolunteeredfortheMarineCorps.二战爆发时，他以志愿兵身份参加海军陆战队。Thecharityagencywillrecruit(征募)volunteerstobuildaffordablehousingforthepoor.Hevolunteeredtodowhateverhecouldforthem.DR_word_volunteervolunteerDR_word_perceptionperception:n.

wayofseeingorunderstandingsth.;abilitytonoticeandunderstandthingsAesthetics(美学)isabranchofphilosophyconcernedwiththeessenceandperceptionofbeautyandugliness.Hisperceptionisverygood.DR_word_perceptionperceptiDR_word_nurture1nurture:vt.

careforandeducate(achild);encouragethegrowthof(sth.);nourishParentswanttoknowthebestwaytonurtureandraisetheirchildtoadulthood.Thelocalgovernmenthastakenmeasurestonurturethestate-runfactories.nurture

表示在幼儿、幼苗的成长过程中予以细心照料、保护。nurture,feed&supply这几个词都是动词，都有“供养”之意。CF:DR_word_nurture1nurture:vDR_word_nurture2Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwordsandchangetheformwherenecessary.feed

不仅表示喂养人、动物，实际上有时表示喂入嘴中，还表示给植物提供养分。广义上，它指为任何人或物提供所需外来养分。supply

表示供给所需物品。nurture,feed&supplyThefarmer’swifecattleandsheepeverymorning.2.Thegovernmentfreebookstoschools.feeds_____supplies_______DR_word_nurture2FillinthDR_word_nurture3nurture,feed&supply3.Thesearetheplantsinthegreenhouse.4.Wewanttothenewproject,notdestroyit.5.Hehasalargefamilyto.6.HekeptmewellwithcupsofcoffeewhileIwrotethereport.nurture_______nurtured________feed_____supplied_______DR_word_nurture3nurture,fDR_word_distributiondistribution:n.thewayinwhichpeople,buildings,etc.arearrangedoveralargeareaThestudyofanimaldistributioniscalledzoogeography.Enterasurname(lastname)intotheformbelowandyou’llgetamapoftheUnitedStatesshowingthedistributionofpeoplewiththissurname.2)theactofgivingthingstoalargegroupofpeopleordeliveringgoodstocompaniesDistributionofthegoodsishandledbylocalcompanies.thedistributionofmailCollocation:normaldistribution正态分布DR_word_distributiondistriDR_word_faminefamine:n.(instanceof)extremescarcityoffoodinaregionToeliminatefamineandreducemalnutrition,attentionneedstofocusnotonlyonfoodproductionbutalsoonfooddistribution,consumption,andfamilyplanning.世界上有些地区经常遭受饥荒。Somepartsoftheworldsufferregularlyfromfamine.DR_word_faminefamine:n.DR_word_widespreadwidespread:adj.foundordistributedoveralargeareaThelandscapeoftheAmericanWestwasdramaticallyalteredduringthe20thcenturyasaresultofthewidespreadconstructionofdamsalongmajorrivers.Therewasawidespreadbeliefthatthenewspaperhadnottoldthetruth.DR_word_widespreadwidespreDR_word_provoke1provoke:vt.cause(sth.)tooccurorarouse(afeeling,etc.)People’sconcernovergeneticallymodifiedfoodhasprovokedaglobaldebatethatshowsnosignofendingsoon.TheyarguedthatNATOenlargementcouldprovokeRussianhostilityandleadtoregionalinstability.provoke

意思是“激怒”、“惹怒”、“致使”、“迫使”，尤指某事或话语使某人或某物生气、发怒而使其采取行动。例如：provoke,arouse&awaken这几个词都是动词，都有“引起”、“致使…反应”之意。CF:DR_word_provoke1provoke:vDR_word_provoke2Ifyouprovokethedog,itwillattackyou.如果你去招惹那条狗，它会咬你。Hisimpudenceprovokedherintoslappinghisface.他的鲁莽气得她打了他一耳光。arouse

意思是“引起”、“唤醒”，动作的意味较弱，表示使某人从睡眠状态中醒来或鼓励某人由不积极状态变为积极状态。例如：Mymotherarousedmefromsleep.我母亲把我从睡梦中唤醒了。DR_word_provoke2IfyouproDR_word_provoke3Ofalltheplanets,Marsalwaysarousesthegreatestcuriosity.在所有的行星中，火星一直引起人们最大的好奇心。Theoppressedpeopleareawakeningeverywhere.各地被压迫的人民在觉醒。awaken

常出现在被动语态中，意思是“被唤醒”，一般用在较正式的场合；它还常用在比喻中，意思是

“觉醒”。例如：Hewasawakenedbythesingingofbirdsinthetrees.他被林中鸟儿的鸣叫声惊醒了。Collocation:provokesb.todosth.挑动某人做某事DR_word_provoke3OfalltheDR_word_avarietyofavarietyof:alotofaparticulartypeof(thingsthataredifferentfromeachother)Thecollegelibraryhasawidevarietyofbooks.Chinahasagreatvarietyofmineralresources.DR_word_avarietyofavariDR_word_streamlinestreamline:vt.make(sth.)moreefficientandeffectiveCorporatemergerscanresultinjoblossesbecausemanagementcombinesandstreamlinesdepartmentswithinthenewlymergedcompanies.他们把赛车改成流线型，以使它行驶得更快。Theystreamlinedtheracingcarsothatitmovedevenfaster.DR_word_streamlinestreamliDR_word_domesticdomestic:adj.

1)ofthehome,householdorfamilyThecatisadomesticanimalinmanycountries.Policeandhospitalrecordsindicatethat