初中高中英语语法动名词用法详细讲解课件

V-ing形式Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.V-ing形式Evaluationonly.一.含义动词的-ing形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，不能单独充当谓语。二.构成1.构成:动词原形+-ing2.规则:①一般情况，直接+ing;②以不发音的e结尾，去e+ing;③以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加ing;④以ie结尾，变ie为y，+ing，例：die，dying；lie，lying.关键词：含义构成特征分类成分用法形式运用Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.一.含义关键词：含义构成特征分类成分用三.特征1.动词的-ing形式具有名词、形容词和副词等词的特点.2.动词的-ing形式由动词变来,所以保留了动词的某些特征,如它可以有自己的宾语,状语等.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading.四.分类1.动名词:动词的-ing形式相当于名词在句中的用法.2.现在分词:具有动词的特征，可以表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.三.特征Evaluationonly.小结：doing为非谓语动词，由do原形+ing构成，不能单独充当谓语,可以充当1.主语2.宾语3.表语4.定语5.状语6.宾语补足语。doing现在分词动名词具有名词，动词的特性具有adj.，adv.的特性成分形式√√√√√√√√××××Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.小结：doing为非谓语动词，由do原形+ing构成，做主语和宾语的肯定是_________；做状语和宾补的肯定是__________。Examples:1)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词做主语和宾语)2)Becarefulwhilecrossingthestreet.(现在分词做时间状语)3)IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.(现在分词做宾语补足语)动名词现在分词Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.动名词现在分词Evaluationonly.1.做主语例句呈现：

1.Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.2.Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.3.Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.五.用法：Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.1.做主语例句呈现：五.用法：Evaluationon小结：1．特征：单个的动词-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。2.句型：1）doing作主语句型：Doing….+V+O

2）但有些含有动名词的句型，为避免句子主语太长，通常用it作形式主语，-ing形式作真正的主语。下面列举几种最常见的句型：Eg.It’snousecryingoverspilt（倾倒出）milk.①It+be+nogood/usedoing…做…无益/无用Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.小结：Evaluationonly.It’sawasteoftimethinkinghardaboutthepast.②It+be+awasteoftimedoing…做…是浪费时间Thebookisworthreading.③It+be+worthdoing…做…值得Thereisnoharmindoingso.④There+be+no+n.+in+doing…做…没有…Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.2.作宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语）

Hefinishedreadingthebookyesterday.Ienjoy

learningEnglish.(动词宾语）Iamfondof

watchingTV.（介词宾语）

Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.2.作宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语）Evaluationo动词+宾语①只接doing②只接todo③doing和todo皆可，意义区别很大④doing和todo皆可，意义区别不大Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.动词+宾语①只接doing②只接todo③doing和to①以下动词须用doing做宾语1)记忆口诀：双P延期

两建议否认

错过了

练习考虑

完成

不耽搁喜欢设想

不介意面对

坚持

不放弃避免

冒险

请原谅

对应单词：postpone,putoff,suggest,advisedeny,miss,practiceconsider,finish,delay

fancy,enjoy,appreciate,imagine,mindface,insiston,giveupavoid,risk,excuse,forgiveEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.①以下动词须用doing做宾语1)记忆口诀：对应单词：Ev2)need,require,want+doing=needtobedon注意:主动表被动动词want，need，require作“需要”解时，后面的动词用动名词作宾语时，且与句子主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，这个动名词的主动式表示被动意义。3)giveup,can’thelp,lookforward,havetrouble….+doingEg1.Mycoatneedswashing.=Mycoatneedstobewashed.Eg2.Ilookforwardtoreceivingyourletter.

Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.2)need,require,want+doing②下列动词常以动词不定式（todo）作宾语。三个希望两答应两个要求莫拒绝设法学会做决定不要假装在选择hope;wish;want;agree;promisedemand;ask;refusemanage;learn;decidepretend;choose

想要拒绝命令需要努力学习,期望同意帮助希望决定开始。want;refuse;orderneed;try;learnexpect;agree;helphope;wish;decide;begin;start

Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.②下列动词常以动词不定式（todo）作宾语。三个希望两答应③有些动词既可接-ing，又可接todo作宾语,区别不是很大。like,love,hate,begin,start,continue,intend,prefer,etc.Helikessinging.Helikestosing.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.③有些动词既可接-ing，又可接todo作宾语,区别不1)Imustremembertotakemynotebookwithme.Irememberseeinghersomewherebefore.

remembertodosth.记得要做某事。rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事。类似词：forget,regret,mean,stop,try,etc.④有些动词后既可以接doing又可以接todo作宾语,意思上有明显差别：Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.1)Imustremembertotakemyn2)Iforgottoposttheletter.Iforgotpostingtheletter.

forgettodosth.忘记要做某事。

forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事。3)Iregrettotellyouthatyoucan’tworkhereanymore.Iregretnottakingyouradvice.

regrettodosth对马上要发生的事抱歉、遗憾，常和say,tell,inform等词连用。

regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.2)Iforgottoposttheletter4)Ididnotmeantohurtyou.Thatmeansgivingupmyjob.

meantodosth.:有……的意图，打算，想……

meandoingsth.:意味着……5)Hestoppedtosing.Hestoppedsinging.

stoptodosth.:停下来正在做的事，去做另一件事。

stopdoingsth.:停止正在做的事情。6)Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneontime.Let’strydoingtheworksomeotherway.

trytodosth.:设法、努力做某事trydoingsth.:尝试做某事Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.4)Ididnotmeantohurtyou.7）Hesaidnothingbutjustwentonworking.Afterherearlyteachingcareershewentontobecomeadoctor.

goondoingsth.继续做同一件事goontodosth.(做完某事)接着做另一件事8）Ican’thelptofinishherwork,becauseIhaven’tfinishedmineyet.Ican’thelpcryingwhenIheardthenews.

can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.7）HesaidnothingbutjustwenCompletethesesentences:1.Ifyoucankeep________(read)Englishnewspapers,yourEnglishwillbeimproved.2.Hehaspromised__________(come)tomybirthdayparty.3.Ihate_________________(tell)lies!4.*Iwillneverforget__________(go)toBeijingwithhimlastsummer.*Iforgot________(tell)herthenews;sosheknewnothingaboutit.readingtocometelling/totellgoingtotellEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Completethesesentences:1.If3.作表语HisjobisteachingEnglish.=teachingEnglishishisjob.Sheiswashingthedishes.≠Washingthedishesisshe.动名词做表语现在分词做表语现在分词与动名词做表语的区别：动名词做表语表示主语内容，主语表语可交换位置；现在分词做表语说明主语的性质，特征，主语和表语不可交换位置。Practice：1)Learningismyduty.2)Thenewsisencouraging.动名词做表语现在分词做表语Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.3.作表语动名词做表语现在分词做表语现在分词与动名词做表语4.作定语a.thelaughingaudience/anamusingstory

DustinHoffmanisfamousforhisroleactingasawoman.(短语后置）Thegirlsingingonthestageismysister.CompareTheamusingplay=theplaythatisamusing.Thegirlsingingonthestage=Thegirlwhoissingingonthestage.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.4.作定语DustinHoffmanisfamous现在分词与动名词作定语的区别现在分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词

,说明其修饰名词的动作，性质或特征,它与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系，且可以转换成定语从句；动名词做定语说明被修饰名词的功能或用途，一般是单个动名词，放在被修饰名词之___，可以转换成for短语，表示“供作...之用”。前前awalkingstick(astickforwalking)(apoolforswimming)asleepingboyamovingstory_______________________(astorythatmovespeople)(aboywhoissleeping)

aswimmingpool____________________Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.现在分词与动名词作定语的区别现在分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰动词-ing形式如果是短语，应放在所修饰的名词

，相当于__________。1.Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.（=whocomefromseveralcountries.）2.ThreedayslaterIreceivedaletterofferingmethejob.（=whichofferedmethejob.）3.Thegirlstandingthereismyclassmate.

（=whostandsthere）4.Themanspeakingtotheteacherismyfather.

后定语从句(whoisspeakingtotheteacher)Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.动词-ing形式如果是短语，应放在所修饰的名词Step2.

Theboywhoiscomingtodinnerthisevening

isaclassmateofmine.Step1.TheboyiscomingtodinnerthiseveningHeisaclassmateofmine.Step3.Theboycomingtodinnerthiseveningisaclassmateofmine.Wrong:Theboyiscomingtodinnerthiseveningisaclassmateofmine

Therearesomepeoplearewaitingatthebusstopx____Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Step2.Theboywhoiscoming5.现在分词作状语

现在分词作状语时，⑴分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，⑵分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化：

Trueorfalse:1.Seeingfromthetop,theschoollooksmorebeautiful.()2.Seeingfromthetop,wefindtheschoolmorebeautiful.()

FTEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.5.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时，⑴分6.形式：时态和语态doing

having

donehavingbeendone

beingdone

notbeingdonenothaving

done

notdoing

nothavingbeendone

Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.6.形式：时态和语态doinghavingdonehaEg.Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时或基本同时发生）The

buildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.现在正在建造地这栋楼房室我们地新图书馆.（beingbuilt为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。）Havingdonethework,hewenthome.（havingdonethework为现在分词的完成式，表示动作先于谓语动词发生。）Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,

theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。（havingbeensoldout为现在分词的完成式，表示动作先于谓语动词发生。）Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Eg.Hearingthebell,thestudWalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.(=While_____________________thebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.)1）表时间状语IwaswaitingforEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Whilewaitingforthebus,he2)表原因状语Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.(=Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.)Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Since_______a

student

youshouldstudyhard.）既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.As_________hemightbeathome,Icalledhim.youareIthoughtEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.2)表原因状语Beingastudent,yous

3)表方式、伴随情况的状语：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个动作，或是与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示地动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。Eg.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.)①我们乘车游览了许多地方。

Travellingbycar,wevisitedamanyplaces.We_______bycarandvisitedmanyplaces.traveledEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.3)表方式、伴随情况的状语：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，

②

他们笑着谈着走进了教室。__________________,theywentintotheclassroom.③他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.(He_______and_______againstthewall.)Laughingandtalking(They________and_________,andtheywentintotheclassroom.)laughedtalkedleanedstoodEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.②他们笑着谈着走进了教室。_______________4)表结果Eg.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.)全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎地歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,_____________________________.makingitthemostpopularsong(=Thesongissungalloverthecountry,andthis_____itthemostpopularsong.)makesEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.4)表结果全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎地歌5)表条件Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)①一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。______________,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingahead(Ifyou____________,youwillseeawhitehouse.Workinghard,youwillsucceed.②努力吧，你会成功的。（Ifyou____________,youwillsucceed.walkaheadworkheadEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.5)表条件Usingyourhead,youwill6)表让步（though/although,eventhoungh等）①尽管拼命地工作，他一点都不觉得累。Workiinghard,hedidn’tfeelabittired.（=Althoughheworkedhard,hedidn’tfeelabittired.)Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.（=Eventhoughthey________________,theymademepayforthedamage.②尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。knewallthisEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.6)表让步（though/although,event逻辑主语one’sdoing

DoyoumindTim’ssmokinghere?Excusemeformybeinglate.Sheacceptedhisapologyforhisbeingrude.one’s

形容词型物主代词人称代词宾格名词所有格Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.逻辑主语one’sdoingDoyoumind动名词的复合结构注意比较下面两个句子,它们有什么区别与联系Idon’tmindsmokinghere.Idon’tmindhissmokinghere.共同点:都是相当于名词不同点:动名词的复合结构有了自己的动作发出者,如,his谁抽烟,他抽Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.动名词的复合结构注意比较下面两个句子,Idon’tmin7)与逻辑主语构成独立主格：

-ing形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的，如果两者不构成主谓关系,只能用独立主格结构,也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。

①如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。

Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.(=If____________,we'lldoanothertwoexercises)

分词的逻辑主语是time,而句子的主语是I,两者不构成主谓关系,所以只能用独立主格结构,也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。

②Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard．(=whenI

forthebus,abirdfellonmyheard.)timepermitswaswaitingEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.7)与逻辑主语构成独立主格：timepermitswa独立主格中的注意事项（1）独立主格有时也可用with(without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.

他点着灯睡着了。（2）有些固定用法作独立成分(悬垂分词)：

Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.generallyspeaking,franklyspeaking,considering,/taking…inconsideration,totellyouthetruth,etc.

Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.独立主格中的注意事项Evaluationonly.6.Doing作宾语补足语。句中的谓语动词通常为a:感官动词，如：see,notice,watch,hear,listento,feel,observe,find+sb+doing

Weheardthechildrensinginginherroom.Wewatchedthechildren

divingintothewaterfromthetopboard.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.6.Doing作宾语补足语。句中的谓语动词Wehear

b.役使动词.表示“使”，“让”的意思。

keepsbdoing保持..leavesbdoing使处于…

getsb/sthdoing让做havesbdoing让…做..setsb/sthdoing…使…We’llsoonhaveyouwalkingagain.

我们会不久让你重新走起来。Ileavethemachinerunningallday.

我让机器整天运转着。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.b.役使动词.表示“使”，“让”的意思。We’llMoreexamplesStep1.Peoplesawthepolice.

Thepolicewerebreakingthewindowwithahammer.（简单句）Step2.Peoplesawthepolicewhowerebreakingthewindowwithahammer.（定语从句）Step3.Peoplesawthepolicebreakingthewindowwithahammer.(doing短语作宾补）Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Moreexamples1.Eugene'sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It'snouse___withhim.(06年上海高考）toargueB.arguingC.arguedD.havingargued2.Victorapologizedfor____toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.(04年上海高考）A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotable7.运用：Grammarwork语法专练Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.1.Eugene'sneverwillingtoal3.I'llneverforget____Parisforthefirsttime.A.tovisitB.visitC.visitingD.visited4.Iregret________hardatschool.A.nottostudyB.nothavingstudiedC.notstudyD.havingnotstudied5.Theoldmanneeds________.lookafterB.lookingafterC.beinglookedafterD.tolookafterEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.3.I'llneverforget____Paris6.Theproblemisworth_______.AdiscussingB.discussCbeingdiscussedD.discussed7.Pleaseremember___thelightsbefore_____theclassroom.A.turnoff;leaveB.toturnoff;leavingC.turningoff;leaveD.turningoff;leaving8._____isbelieving.tosee