2021届杭州第十二中学高三英语月考试卷及参考答案

2021届杭州第十二中学高三英语月考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AVailMarriottMountainResortVailWinterWeatherGuideCoveredingrandmountains，flashinglightsandsnowypines,Vailisperfectforexplorersandpeoplewholoveadventuresalike.Whetherskiingdowntheslopesforthefirsttimeorthehundredth,thisguidewillensurethatyou'rereadyforeverythingthiscityhastooffer.BestTimetoVacationDecemberthroughtoMarchtendstobethebesttimeforthoseinterestedinskiingdowntheslopesinstyle.KnowBeforeYouGoMakethenecessarypreparationsandreservationsinadvance：SkiandSnowboardRentals（租赁）：Don'thaveyourownequipment!VailSportsrentsoutavarietyofskisandsnowboardsforallagesandabilities,aswellassnowshoesandhelmets.ClothingRentals：Forthosenotinterestedinpurchasinghundredsofdollarsofskiclothingforonevacation.MountainThreadshasarentalprogramjustforyou,whereyoucangetmountainnecessitieslikecoats,pantsandgoggles（护目镜）.Suncream：Youmightnotthinkaboutgettingsunburn,butithappenstoskiersandsnowboarderseveryday.Difficultylevels：It'simportanttoknowwhatlevelyou'reatbeforejumpingonaskiliftandheadingupthemountain.Useafreetrailmapandplantheslopesyou'regoingtoskidownaheadoftimebasedonthefollowinglevelsyou'llfindupthemountain：GreenCircle：Thesearetheeasiestslopes.BlueSquare：Theseindicateaveragetomediumlevels.BlackDiamond：Themostadvancedslopes.Somemountainswillfeaturedoubleblackdiamonds,indicatingevenhigherdifficulty.WhileVailisfamousforsnowsports,you'llfindplentyofotherfunthingstodooncethesungoesdownoryouaretired.Exploretherestofourwebsiteformoreinformation!WhenisthebesttimetovisitVailifyoulikeskiing?InMarch,AprilJuneandDecemberInDecember,February,AprilandMarchInJanuary,February,MarchandDecemberInSeptember,October,NovemberandDecemberBeforeyougototheVailMarriottMountainResort,youwillhavetotake withyou.A.helmets B.gogglesC.suncream D.atrailmapWhatwillaskiingbeginnerwhowantstoenjoyhimselfprefertochoose?A.BlueSquare B.BlackDiamondCDoubleBlackDiamonds D.GreenCircleBWhyisn'tsciencebetter?Lookatcareerincentive（激励）.Thereareoftensubstantialgapsbetweentheidealizedandactualversionsofthosepeoplewhoseworkinvolvesprovidingasocialgood.Governmentofficialsaresupposedtoworkfortheirconstituents.Journalistsaresupposedtoprovideunbiasedreportingandpenetratinganalysis.Andscientistsaresupposedtorelentlesslyprobethefabricofrealitywiththemostrigorousandskepticalofmethods.Alltoooften,however,whatshouldbejustisn’tso.Inanumberofscientificfields,publishedfindingsturnoutnottoreplicate（复制），ortohavesmallereffectsthan,whatwasinitiallyclaimed.Plentyofsciencedoesreplicate—meaningtheexperimentsturnoutthesamewaywhenyourepeatthem-buttheamountthatdoesn’tistoomuchforcomfort.Buttherearealsowaysinwhichscientistsincreasetheirchancesofgettingitwrong.Runningstudieswithsmallsamples,miningdataforcorrelationsandforminghypothesestofitanexperiment’sresultsafterthefactarejustsomeofthewaystoincreasethenumberoffalsediscoveries.It’snotlikewedon'tknowhowtodobetter.Scientistswhostudyscientificmethodshaveknownaboutfeasibleremediesfordecades.Unfortunately,theiradviceoftenfallsondeafears.Why?Whyaren'tscientificmethodsbetterthantheyare?Inaword:incentives.Butperhapsnotinthewayyouthink.Inthe1970s,psychologistsandeconomistsbegantopointoutthedangerinrelyingonquantitativemeasuresforsocialdecision-making.Forexample,whenpublicschoolsareevaluatedbystudents’performanceonstandardizedtests,teachersrespondbyteaching“tothetest”.Inturn,thetestserveslargelyasofhowwelltheschoolcanpreparestudentsforthetest.Wecanseethisprinciple—oftensummarizedas“whenameasurebecomesatarget,itceasestobeagoodmeasure”—playingoutintherealmofresearch.Scienceisacompetitiveenterprise.Therearefarmorecredentialed（授以证书的）scholarsandresearchersthanthereareuniversityprofessorshipsorcomparablyprestigiousresearchpositions.Oncesomeoneacquiresaresearchposition,thereisadditionalcompetitionfortenuregrantfunding,andsupportandplacementforgraduatestudents.Duetothiscompetitionforresources,scientistsmustbeevaluatedandcompared.Howdoyoutellifsomeoneisagoodscientist?Anoft-usedmetricisthenumberofpublicationsonehasinpeer-reviewedjournals,aswellasthestatusofthosejournals.Metricslikethesemakeitstraightforwardtocompareresearcherswhoseworkmayotherwisebequitedifferent.Unfortunately,thisalsomakesthesenumberssusceptibletoexploitation.Ifscientistsaremotivatedtopublishoftenandinhigh-impactjournals,wemightexpectthemtoactivelytrytogamethesystem.Andcertainly,somedo—asseeninrecenthigh-profilecasesofscientificfraud（欺诈）.Ifmaliciousfraudistheprimeconcern,thenperhapsthesolutionissimplyheightenedalertness.However,mostscientistsare,Ibelieve,genuinelyinterestedinlearningabouttheworld,andhonest.Theproblemwithincentivesisthattheycanshapeculturalnormswithoutanyintentiononthepartofindividuals.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthegeneraltrendinscientificfield?Scientistsarepersistentlydevotedtoexplorationofreality.Theresearchfindingsfailtoachievetheexpectedeffect.Hypothesesaremodifiedtohighlighttheexperiments'results.Theamountofsciencethatdoesreplicateiscomforting.Whatdoesdeafearsinthefourthparagraphprobablyreferto?A.Thepublic. B.Theincentiveinitiators. C.Thepeerresearchers. D.Thehigh-impactjournaleditors.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprobablyagreewith?Goodscientistsexcelinseekingresourcesandsecuringresearchpositions.Competitionforresourcesinspiresresearcherstoworkinamoreskepticalway.Allthecredentialedscholarsandresearcherswillnottakeupuniversityprofessorships.Thenumberofpublicationrevealshowscientistsarebitterlyexploited.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmightbearemedyforthefundamentalprobleminscientificresearch?High-impactjournalsareencouragedtoreformtheincentivesforpublication.Thepeer-reviewprocessissupposedtoscaleupinspectionofscientificfraud.Researchersaremotivatedtogetactivelyinvolvedingamingthecurrentsystem.Careerincentivesforscientistsareexpectedtoconsidertheirpersonalintention.CTheRiseofVoiceTechnologyVoicetechnologyhascomealongway.Justafewyearsago,itwouldhavebeenunusable.Butnow,thosewhofollowthetechnologyknowthatithasgotconsiderablybetter.Writingwithyourvoiceraisesseveralinterestingquestions.Howdifficultisitactually?Humanspeechinvolvesalotmorestartingandstoppingwitherrorsandtheneedforrepairingbrokensentencesthanyoumaythink.Evengiftedspeakersmakemistakes.Toturnthespokenwordintoreasonablewritingrequireslotsofplanning.You’llneedsomekindsofnotesorotherorganiserstomakeitwork.Anotherquestionturningspeechintowritingraisesisthestyle.Howwouldwritingmakethechangethatpeoplespeaktheirwritingratherthantype?Chancesarethatitwouldcomeupwithmanymoreshortsentencesandmoreconcretelanguage,whichisgood.Itwouldprobablyalsorelyonpreparedphrasesalotmoreoften,whichisnotavailablewhenyouarespeakingquickly.Toconfirmthis,acolumnwasnotwritten,butdictated（听写）.Itwascomposedfrombriefnoteswrittendownforstructureonly,anditwaseditedforlength,withalloftheoriginalerrorskeptin.Hereweretheresults.Thefirstwasthattheliteralaccuracywasextremelyhigh.Thereweren’tmanycaseswherethesoftwarehadheardonewordincorrectlyandwrittendownanother.Buttheotherresultwasthatthereadabilityofthiscolumnwasratherbad.Obviously,theblameisnotwiththetechnologyatall,whichturnsouttoberathergood.Speakingintowritingreliesonabetterhumanbrainthantheonewecurrentlypossess.Writingishard.There’sareasonitcan’tbedoneatthespeedofspeech,inrealtime.Toclarifythematter,thistimeparagraphbreakswereaddedafterthewholewriting.Punctuations（标点）hadtobespokenaloud,andafterafullstop,thefirstwordinthenewsentencewascapitalizedautomatically.Someminorpunctuationmarkswereaddedtomakeitclearer.Toimproveaccuracy,people“trained”thesoftwarebeforehand,readingaprewrittenpassagealoud.Actuallyitturnsouttobemoreeffective.Alloftheseensurethesatisfactorycompletionofturningspeechintowriting.Languageisthemostimportanttoolforhumaninteraction,andvoiceisonebeautifulpartoflanguage.Withthematurityofmoderntechnology,ithasgivenbirthtoagreatchangeinthehuman-computervoiceinteraction.Accordingtothepassage,whichhelpstoturnspeechintowritingintermsofstyle?Thereiscarefulplanninginadvance.Errorsandbrokensentencesareavoided.Peopletypewordsasfastastheysaythem.Thewritingcontainsmorepreparedphrases.Toachievebetterresults,theauthormentionssomechangesfor .processingerrorsinacolumn.addingminorpunctuationmarks.increasingthenumberofbriefegratingshortparagraphsinwriting.Theauthorsuggeststhat .humanbrainsareresponsibleforpoordictatedwriting.writingwithvoicepromisestoimprovethequalityofwriting.writingisanunnaturalactthatcanhardlybelearnedandimproved.technologyhasalongwaytogointhehuman-computervoiceinteraction.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whypeoplefullyintendtoturnspeechintowriting.Whatrolevoicetechnologyplaysinimprovingreadability.Wherethehuman-computervoiceinteractionisatanadvantage.Howvoicetechnologyenablesthechangefromspeechintowriting.D“MvP.E.teachertau&htmemaths.”IthasbeenacommonjokeforyearsbutwhenaP.E.teacherappliedforthehead-teacherjob,manyparentsworriedthat“thejokecouldcometrue”.Someparentsasked,“DoestheP.E.teacherknowmathsandEnglish?Ifnot,howishesupposedtotutorthestudents?”ButtherewerestillparentswhobelievedP.E.teachershadmoretimetodisciplinethestudentssincetheydidn’thavemanyclasses.Thisconcernisactuallya“subjectbias”,thatis,choosingaP.E.teacherasthehead-teacherisnotgoodforthestudents’gradessincehedoesn’tknowChinese,maths,orEnglish.ItisacceptableforChineseteachers,mathsteachersandEnglishteacherstobehead-teachersbecausethesesubjectsareimportanttoentranceexamsandscores.Suchaconcernreflectsparents’anxietyinthecurrenteducationalenvironment,whichtendstolinkthehead-teacher’sresponsiblesubjectwiththefactswhethertheschoolcaresabouttheclassandthechildren’sperformancesinthesubject.Manypeoplecareabouttheirkids’academicperformancesonly.Theydon’tcareabouttheirkids’P.E.performanceatall.EvenifkidshaveP.E.classes,parentscarelittle.P.E.teachersareinhumblepositionandtheirclassesareoftenoccupiedbyotherteachers.Ofcourse,ifstudents,P.E.performanceisrelatedtogradesandentranceexams,parentswon’tmind“aP.E.teacherbeingthehead-teacher”.Atthemoment,P.E.isgraduallyincludedinentranceexams.Intermsofhighschoolentranceexamination,GuangzhouwilllaunchanewhighschoolentranceexamwhichincludesP.E.performanceandHealthexaminationin2021,raisingthescoreto70points.Intermsofthecollegeentranceexamination,universitieshavingtherightofindependentenrollmentsaddedP.E.teststotheirentranceexamsin2019.Thispracticeisseenasanimportantsignalthattheassessmentofphysicalfitnessandathleticability,whichareimportantaspectsofastudent’soverallquality,maybeincludedinthecollegeentranceexaminationinthefuture.Wehopethatit’satrendforP.E.teachers,musicteachersandartteacherstobecomehead-teachers.Bysaying“MyP.E.teachertaughtmemaths”,whatdoestheauthorintendtoshowus?Itisjustajokethatseldomhappenedinreality.P.E.teachershardlyassiststudentsinmaths.P.E.teachersaregoodatteachingmaths..ParentsdoubttheabilityofP.E.teacher.Wecaninferfromparagraph2thataP.E.teacher.isoflittlebenefitforstudents’academicperformanceishumblerthanChinese,mathorEnglishteachersreflectswhethertheschoolcaresabouttheclassgetsunfairlyjudgedduetothecurrenteducationalsystemWhydoesGuangzhouraiseproportionofP.E.performanceinhighschoolentranceexamination?Toraisestudents’awarenessofphysicalhealth.TocallonparentstopayattentiontoP.E.teachers.Totesttheoverallabilityofhighschoolstudents.TomakeP.E.teachersequalwithotherteachers.WhatopiniondoestheauthorholdtowardsP.E.teachersworkingashead-teachers?A.Neutral. B.Unexpected.C.Supportive.D.Critical.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Wespendsomuchtimewaitingtobeloved,hopinglovewillfindus,andlookingforthatspeciallove.Unfortunately,that'snotusuallyhowlifeworks.Tobeloved,youshouldloveandrespectyourselfasmuchasyoudoothers.Inordertolovesomeone,youshouldloveyourself.•Stopcomparing（比较）yourselftoothers.16Weallhavedifferentgifts.Whenyoucompareyourselftoothersforwhattheyhave,whetheritisacar,ahouse,orajob,itmakesyoufeelbadaboutyourself.Reallybegratefulabouteverythingyouhave.Gratitudekeepsyourheartopentolove.Practicereceivinglove.Totrulyloveistobeabletoreceiveit.Whensomeonelovesyou,doessomekinddeedstoyou,orsayskindwords,acceptit. 17 Knowthatyouareworthyoflove.Itisimportanttoacceptagiftoflovebyothers.Yougiveyourselfachancetolearnmoreaboutyourselfthatyouarelovable. 18 19 Writeaboutyourexperiences,goodandbad.Whenyouwritedowngoodexperiences,allowyourselftofeelthosefeelings.Whenyourememberbadexperiences,allowyourselftofeelself-compassion.Compassionisnotself-pity,butratherwillingnesstoacceptone'sownpainandregret.Stoptryingtobeperfect.Stopblaming（责备）yourselfforbeinglessthanperfect.20Justfollowallthestepsaboveanddon'tletanyone'sexpectationsofyouputanypressureonyou.A.Donotfeelsorryaboutit.B.Everyoneontheearthisunique（独一无二的）.C.Allowyourselftofeelthelovethathascomeyourway.D.Appreciateyourself.E.Keepadiary.F.Alwaysdoyourbest,butnotreachingperfectionisNOTfailure.G.Yougivesomeoneajoyofgivingbylovingyou.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项MorethanbirthdaydinnerTheotherdaymydaughterandIwentoutfordinnertocelebrateherbirthday.Wewenttoaplacesheloves.The 21 isontopofahillandwhenwe 22 ,thesunwassettingbehindthemountains.Thekindwaitress 23 usatthedoorbut 24 thatwewouldhavetowaitaverylongtimeforour 25 becauseitwasshortstaffed.Shesaidthatitcouldbeoveranhourbeforewegotourdishes.Well,wedecidedthatwewould 26 becauseshestronglyadvisedthatweshould!Westoodoutside 27 whattodonextwhentheownercameoutand 28 thatwestay!Sowewentbackin.Thewaitresswas 29 .Wewaitedaboutanhourbeforewegotourfoods!Butdoyouknowwhat?ItwasOKbecausewehadteaandweenjoyedsomegreat 30 andalotoflaughs.Intheend,the 31 wasbeautifulinsomanyways.Everyonediningthereknewthattheownerandstaffwerestruggling.Wewereallfacingthistogetherandeveryoneseemedtobevery 32 andappreciative.Whenwewereleavingwegavethewaitressapeacedove.EvenbeforeIcould 33 toherwhatitwas,sheburstinto 34 !Sheexplainedthatshewasahighschoolstudentfromoverseasandwashavingahardtime 35 schoolandworkanddidn’thavemanyfriends.Assheheldthedove 36 toherheart,shesaidwehadnoideahowmuchit 37 toher!Wewereallintears.Shortlyafterwards,thecookcameouttoapologizeforthe 38 andwetoldhimthateverythingwasperfect.Noapologieswere 39 .Infact,wewereso 40 foreverything.Itcouldn’thavebeenbetter!21.A.palaceB.churchC.templeD.restaurant22.A.arrivedB.startedC.gatheredD.stopped23.A.collectedB.metC.receivedD.accepted24.A.mentionedB.promisedC.warnedD.admitted25.A.partyB.dinnerC.mealD.order26.A.leaveB.waitC.refuse D.stay27.A.determiningB.decidingC.wonderingD.finding28.A.orderedB.insistedC.beggedD.hoped29.A.wrongB.rightC.helpfulD.kind30.A.coffeeB.timeC.tea D.conversation31.A.impressionB.sceneryC.experienceD.place32.A.mercifulB.understandingC.generousD.anxious33.A.pointB.referC.presentD.explain34.A.tearsB.laughterC.sorrowD.excitement35.A.goingforB.focusingonC.dealingwithD.judgingby36.A.closeB.nextC.oppositeD.just37.A.matteredB.meantC.costD.valued38.A.billsB.lists C.delays D.dishesA.available B.accessible C.reliableA.grateful B.responsible C.qualifiedD.necessaryD.suitable第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Oneactofkindnessisleadingtoanother.Andaskindness___41.___(pass)toanother,newfriendshipsareformingandexistingonesarestrengthening.Myelderlyneighborcalledmydaughterandme___42.___(pick)fruitsfromhertreeasthefruitswerehighanditwasrequiredtosteponahugeladdertogetthem.Afteranhourspent___43.___(chat)andpickingthefruits,shetreatedustoaglassoffruitjuice.___44.___addition,shegaveusplentyoffruitstohandoutto___45.___(we)friends.Ithengavethemtothreeotherseniorfriendsofmine.Oneofthemgavemeahottomatosoup.Itastedit.Itwassodelicious___46.___Icouldn'thelpaskingheraboutit.Shetoldmethathermomandgrandmawerebothtop___47.___(cook)andshelearneditfromthemwhenshewashelpingtheminheryouth.Thiswas___48.___(total)unexpectedandinterestingtoknow.Besides,sheinvitedmeagainandagreedthatwewouldpreparethedishtogether,___49.___wasthebestpartofall.Ifeelvery 50. (thank)forthesefriendshipsandconnections.Kindnessandfriendshipalwaysgohandinhand.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节短文改错(满分10分).假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(回)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者不计分。Thereisdonationboxinmyneighborhood,inthatyoucandonateclothesandbags.Socialworkerswillcollectthemregularlyanddistributesthemtopeopleinneed.Iloveforthisideaverymuch,andIwanttobeoneofthedonator.ItwasbecauseIgrewsofastwhatmanyclothesmymomboughtmedidn’tfitmeanylonger.Therefore,theyarereallynewandingoodcondition.Iusedtobeingpuzzledabouthowtodealwiththesesecond-handclothes.Butwiththedonationbox,Icanshareitwithotherchildren.Mymotherlikesmyideaandtakesprideofme.第二节书面表达（满分25分）.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhenIwastenyearsold,Iwasagradefourprimaryschoolstudentinasmalltown.IhadahappytimeatschoolbecauseIhadafewgoodfriendsthere.Weusuallyspentoursparetimetogether,doingourhomework,goingtotheamusementpark,playingwithourpets,andsharingourhappinessandsorrowst