Syntax学习通超星课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年

Syntax学习通超星课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年____precedence:AimmediatelyprecedesBifthereisnonodeGthatfollowsAbutprecedesB.

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Immediate

____:NodeAdominatesnodeBifandonlyifAishigherupinthetreethanBandifyoucantracealinefromAtoBgoingonlydownwards.

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Domination

____:NodeAprecedesnodeBifandonlyifneitherAdominatesBnorBdominatesAandA(orsomenodedominatingA)sister-precedesBor(somenodedominatingB).

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Precedence

AbindsBifandonlyifAc-commandsBandAandBarecoindexed.Aisthebinder,Bisthebindee.

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正确

Agovernmentrelationisatypeofdependencyrelationinwhichacertainitemdeterminesthesyntacticfunctionofanotheritemandselectsitsmorphologicalfeatures.

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正确

Apronounmustbefreeinitsbindingdomain.

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正确

Ananaphormustbeboundinitsbindingdomain.

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正确

AnR-expressionmustbefree.

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正确

Anaphor:AnNPthat____getsitsmeaningfromanotherNPinthesentence.

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obligatorily

AnaphorsarenottheonlyNPtypewithrestrictionsontheirsyntacticposition.Pronounscanalsobe____inwheretheymayappear.

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restricted

C-command(informal):Anodec-commandsitssistersandallthedaughters(andgranddaughtersandgreat-granddaughters,etc.)ofitssisters.

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正确

C-commandisarelationthatholdsamongsistersandamongauntsandtheirniecesandthedescendantsoftheirnieces.Itneverholdsbetweencousinsorbetweenamotheranddaughter.

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正确

ControlTheory:ThetheorythatgovernshowPROgetsitsmeaning.

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正确

Corefer:TwoNPsthatare____aresaidtocorefer(refertothesameentityintheworld).

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coindexed

Drawingsyntactictreesisalearnedskillthatneedslotsofpractice,justlikelearningtoplaythepiano.

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正确

Exhaustivedomination:NodeAexhaustivelydominatesasetofterminalnodes{B,C,...,D},provideditdominatesallthemembersoftheset(sothatthereisnomemberofthesetthatisnotdominatedbyA)andthereisnoterminalnodeGdominatedbyAthatisnotamemberoftheset.

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正确

GovernmentisdefinedintermsofC-command,asin(6):(6)AgovernsBifandonlyif????(i)Aisagovernor????(ii)AC-commandsBandBC-commandsA

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正确

InGovernmentandBindingTheory,theTheta-roleoftheinternalargumentoftheverbphrase,usuallytheobject,isdeterminedbytheverb.The____oftheexternalargument,typicallythesubject,isinsteaddeterminedbythecombinationoftheverbanditsinternal____.Theta-rolesmustbeassignedundergovernmentinthisframework.

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argument

Inmanylanguages,nounsbearingvariousgrammaticalrelationstakespecialforms.

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正确

Index:AsubscriptmarkthatindicateswhatanNPrefersto.vi)Coindexed:TwoNPsthathavethesameindex(i,j,k,etc.)aresaidtobe____.

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coindexed

Islandsareplacesyoucan’tgetoffof(withoutspecialmeanslikeaplane).Theyaresurroundedbywater,soyouarelimitedinwhereyoucanmove:Youcanonlymoveaboutwithintheconfinesoftheisland.Islandsinsyntaxarethesame.Youcannotmoveoutofanisland,butyoucanmovearoundwithinit.DPsareislands.

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正确

Letusstartbydefiningsometerminology.Thisterminologyissubtlysimilartothatofthebindingtheory,butitisdifferent.IfPROgetsitsmeaningfromanotherDP,thenPROissaidtobe____.Thisisidenticaltothenotioncoreferentandverysimilartothenotionbound(wewillmakethisdistinctionclearerbelow).TheDPthatservesasPRO’santecedentiscalledits____.WearegoingtocontrasttwodifferentkindsofPRO.ThefirstkindiscalledarbitraryPRO(orPROarb).Themeaningofthis____isessentially“someone”:

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controlledcontrollerpronoun

LocalityConstraint:Aconstraintonthegrammar,suchthattwo________mustbe“local”orneartooneanother.

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syntacticentities

No____branchesconstraint:IfonenodeXprecedesanothernodeY,thenXandallnodesdominatedbyXmustprecedeYandallnodesdominatedbyY.

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crossing

Principleof____(revised):IfanXP(thatis,aphrasewithsomecategoryX)modifiessomeheadY,thenXPmustbeasistertoY(i.e.,adaughterofYP).

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Modification

pro(LittleproorBabypro):Anull(silent)DPoftenfoundinlanguageswith“rich”agreement.prodoesget____.

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Case

Pronoun:AnNPthatmay(butneednot)getits____fromanotherNPinthesentence.

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meaning

Someimportantconsiderations:a)Makesurethateverythingisattachedtothetree.b)Makesurethateverycategoryhasonlyonelineimmediatelyontopofit(itcanhavemorethanoneunderit,butonlyoneimmediatelyontopofit).c)Don’tcrosslines.d)Makesureallbranchesinthetreehaveapartofspeechlabel.e)Avoidtriangles.Skillattreedrawingcomesonlywithpractice.

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正确

Syntactictreesdon’tonlyencodethehierarchicalorganizationofsentences,theyalsoencodethelinearorderoftheconstituents.Linearorderreferstotheorderinwhichwordsarespokenorwritten(lefttorightifyouarewritinginEnglish).

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正确

Theinitiatorordoerofanactioniscalledthe____.

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agent

Therelationthatdescribestwonodesthatstandinthisconfigurationiscalleddomination.Anodethatsitsatopanotherandisconnectedtoitbyabranchissaidtodominatethatnode.

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正确

Thewh-phraseheredoesn’tservetomarkaquestion,butinsteaditlinkstheheadnountothegap.Thisisindicatedbythecoindexationbetweentheheadnounandthewh-element.

参考答案:

正确

Thereareactually____waystogoaboutdrawingatree.YoucanstartatthebottomandworkyourwayuptotheTP,oryoucanstartwiththeTPandworkyourwa