高考英语翻译易错题整理

汉译英专项讲解该题型全面地考查学生英语词汇、语法等知识的综合运用能力，它对学生的动词时态、语态、名词的单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、介词等应用能力，还对学生的词组、句型、句子结构等进行了全面考查翻译不仅在高考英语主观题中占不小的比例，而且翻译能力还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。一、高考评分标准：1•每题中单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误每两处扣一分；2．语法错误(包括时态错误)每处扣一分；3．译文没用所给的单词扣一分。据说新的微博用户注册时必须用实名的原因是保护网民的利益和提高网络的可信度。(register)Itissaidthatthereasonwhynewusersofmicro-blogmustuserealnameswhentheyareregisteringistoprotectwebusers'interestsandimprovecredibilityofInternet.二、考查要点总结词的特殊用法：accessible,available,arrange,convenient等1：他忘了带阅读证，进不了图书馆。(accessible)1：Heforgottobringthereadingcard,sothelibrarywasnotaccessibletohim.2：我已安排好一辆车去车站接他们。(arrange)2：Ihavearrangedforacartopickyouthemupattherailwaystation.3：如果你方便的话，请帮我去邮局寄一些包裹。(convenient)3：Ifitisconvenienttoyou,pleasegotothepostofficetosendtheseparcelsforme.动词语态问题：谓语动词及非谓语动词都应注意语态问题4：这里的菜烧得很好，还有免费蛋糕供应。(provide)4：Thedishesarewellcookedhereandfreecakesareprovided.5：应该更加强调培养学生的实际运用能力。5：Greatemphasisshouldbeputoncultivatingstudents'practicalability.6：我们必须对这里正在讨论的一些事情保密。(discuss)6：Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.7：应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage)7：Theyoungpeople/youngstersshouldbeencouragedtochoosetheircareersaccordingto/basedontheirownstrongpoints/strengths.选择正确的词语搭配，主要是介词的选择问题和be+p・p・+prep•结构8：我不需要买新车，我的那辆旧车还很好。(condition)8：Idon'tneedto/needn'tbuyanewcarasmyoldoneisstillingoodcondition.9：我忘了提醒他面试的时间。(remind)9：Iforgottoremindhimofthetimefortheinterview.10：我对学生所谈论的电子产品一无所知，我发现自己落伍了。(ignorant)10：Beingignorantoftheelectronicproductsthestudentsaretalkingabout，Ifindmyselfleftbehind/outdated/outofdate.Be+p.p.+prep.结构：beinvolvedin,bequalifiedfor,beequippedwith,beconcernedabout,bebasedon,beaddictedto,beamazedat,beregardedas,beengagedin等11：市长非常关心市民不遵受交通对择地问题。(concern)11：Themayorismuchconcernedabouttheproblemofthecitizens'disobeyingthetrafficregulations.特殊句式：it做形式主语和宾语，强调句型，倒装句，thereasonwhy…isthat…,it(never)occurstomethat・・・,it'ssaidthat・・・,not・・・but・・・等12：我迟到的原因是他们没通知我开会的时间。(inform)12：ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthattheyhadnotinformedmeofthetimeofthemeeting.13：重要的不是你说了什么，而是你做了什么。(matter)13：It'snotwhatyousaidbutwhatyoudidthatmatters.14：据报道，这种野生植物含有丰富的维生素。(It...)14：Itisreportedthatthiswildplantisrichin/contains/hasalotofvitamins.15:我从未想到这种事竟然会发生在他的身上。(occur)15：Itneveroccurredtomethatsuchathingshouldhappentohim.16：汽车、无线电、电影、速冻食品、电冰箱，这些东西在过去的30年中得到了广泛的应用，这简直令人难以置信。(It.)16：Itishardtobelievethatautomobiles,radios,motionpictures,frozenfoodsandelectricrefrigeratorhavecomeintocommonusewithinthirtyyears.17：学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。(it)17：Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins.句子的逻辑关系：汉语里两个并列句可能存在潜在的修饰，目的，因果，结构等逻辑关系，翻译时，要使用这种逻辑关系，使句子更连贯。18：我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺卡上。(impress)18：IwassoimpressedbythesewordsthatIusedthemlaterforaChristmascard.19：人们对于那些乐于帮助他人脱离险境的人总是满怀感激之情。(grateful)19：Peoplearealwaysgratefultothosewhoarereadytohelpothersoutofdanger.20：这款手机式样新颖、携带方便，深受年轻人的欢迎。(popular)20：Themobilephoneisfashionable/moderninstyleandconvenienttocarry,soitisverypopularwithyoungpeople.长句的翻译：第五题属于长句翻译，翻译时，要“先主干，再细节”。理清句子的成分，先确定框架，再添砖加瓦。21：绝大多数的医疗专家持有相同的看法，即防止该疾病传播最有效的方法是用肥皂和水洗手。(prevent)21：Mostmedicalexpertssharethesameopinionthatthemosteffectivewaytopreventthespreadofthedisease/preventthediseasefromspreadingis(forpeople)towash(their)handswithsoapandwater.22：为追求时尚而付出高昂代价的人应该尽早改变这种生活方式。(those)22：Thosewhofollowfashionatthegreatcostshouldchangetheirlifestyleassoonaspossible.23：出国学习会使学生受益匪浅，但是他们也有可能会面临一系列前所未有的挑战。(likely)23：Studyingabroad/Goingabroadforfurtherstudiesbenefits/(will/may)benefitstudentsalot,buttheyarelikelytoface/befacedwithaseriesofchallengeswhicharegreaterthanever(before).24：一项新披露的调查表明网络最吸引人之处在于它能让网民及时了解世界大事。(inform)24：Anewly-released/newly-reveledsurveyshows/suggests/indicatesthatthebiggestattractionoftheInternetisthatitkeeps/makesnetcitizens(netizens)/peoplewhosurftheInternetinformedoftheworldevents.三、检查，避免小错误十分检查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。完成翻译后，首先要检查句子中的动词前后时态是否一致，语态为主动还是被动是否符合中文翻译的要求，以及动词的单复数是否与主语相符。这是翻译中得分的重点。检查非谓语动词。现在的翻译中经常会出现使用非谓语的情况，句子中一旦出现了非谓语，学生就要特别注意是否正确使用了-ing,-ed和todo的结构，以及可能出现的独立主格等非谓语中的重点方面。检查动词的搭配。检查句子中的动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，如果是不及物动词，则要注意是否搭配了相应的介词。检查名词的单复数。注意名词在中英文中的不同理解，特别是一些集合名词，理解它们用单数来表达复数的特征。检查句型的使用。检查常用句型的使用，特别是一些连接词、强调句、倒装句等等。检查句子的完整性。翻译后，尤其要检查译句中的主干以外的修饰语是否完整，比如说定语，时间状语和地点状语等等。检查中英文的一致。检查英语译句是否正确地表达了中文的意思，是否错误地把主观的想法加诸在翻译中。检查单词的拼写和大小写。英语单词拼写复杂，翻译时，搞错一个字母，就会导致单词拼写失误，学生需要加强记忆。句子首字母大写，学生基本不会忘记，但也要注意翻译中出现的一些专有名词或特别称谓的首字母大写。检查标点符号。英语的标点符号，与汉语的有同有异。但有些学生平时在作业时，非常粗心，使用混乱，这就导致了在最后的考试里被扣分。特别是平日里，比较多练习的翻译都是陈述句，一旦遇到疑问句，多数学生会忘记写上问号。尽管一个标点符号只有半分，但我想，在高考中，任何由疏忽所造成的扣分都是该避免。综上所述，要想做好中译英试题，考生了解、掌握一定的方法和技巧及注意事项是必不可少的。实际上，只要能在平时的英语学习中注重对英语基础知识的积累，并且做个有心人（随时留意英语与汉语的异同点，作好储备工作），再进行一定量的训练，考生就一定能在“中译英”方面取得优异成绩。Translation(背熟翻译)平衡结构对于我们来说,重要的不是输赢而是参与。(matter)Whatmatterstousisnottowinbuttotakepart/participate.艺术节不仅丰富了校园生活,还提高了学生们的组织活动能力,培养了他们团队合作精神。Theartfestivalnotonlyhasenrichedstudents'schoollifebut(also)hasimprovedtheirabilitytoorganizeanactivityanddevelopedtheirteamspirit.=Notonlyhastheartfestivalenrichedstudents'schoollifebutitalso/but(also)ithasimprovedtheirabilitytoorganizeanactivityanddevelopedtheirteamspirit.时态WordcamethathehadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.主句过去时,从句不能用hasbeenadmittedto・・.Itneveroccurredtomethathewouldobjecttoyourgoingabroadforfurtherstudy.不能用willobjectto・听到2008年在北京举办奥运会的消息时,人们欣喜若狂。(newsthat)PeoplewerewildwithjoyatthenewsthatOlympicGameswouldbeheldinBeijingin2008.不能用willbeheld在过去的几年里,这家工厂用塑料代替木头来降低成本。(substitute)Inthepastfewyears,thisfactoryhassubstitutedplasticsforwoodinordertoreducethecost(s).since,for2years,never,before,inthepast/lastfewmonths,sofar/uptonow/tothisday,recently,inrecentyears常和完成时连用语态(用主动表示被动意思)sell/read/washwell,系动词look/smell/taste/feel/sound,prove,measure,won'topen等用主动谁应该对昨天发生的事故负责？(blame)Whoistoblamefortheaccidentthathappenedyesterday?BeijingisworthvisitingBut:Beijingisworthyofbeingvisited/tobevisited.=It'sworthwhiletovisitBeijing/visitingBeijing.Thedoorneeds/wants/requiresrepairing/toberepaired,doesn'tit?.Thethiefdeservespunishing/tobepunished/punishment.Theearliertheproblemisfound,theeasieritistosolve.(it=theproblem,Theproblemiseasytosolve.)(easy/difficult/hard,light/heavy,fit/unfit,nice/good/pleasant/comfortable等形容词后面接todo,不是tobedone)被动应该鼓励学生把所学东西付诸于实践。Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhattheyhavelearnedtopractice.apply...to,combine...with/o这里的菜烧得很好，还有免费蛋糕供应。(provide)Thedishesarewellcookedhere,andfreecakesareprovided.他能否录取复旦还等着瞧。(remain)WhetherhecanbeadmittedtoFudanUniversityremainstobeseen.我的建议是预订宾馆前要把地段和设施考虑在内,但他却置之不理。(consideration)Mysuggestionwasthatitslocationandfacilitiesshouldbetakenintoconsiderationbeforeahotelwasreserved,butheturnedadeafeartoit./ignoredit/wouldn'tlisten.中英文表达不同Letmecongratulateyouonyoursuccess/Congratulationsonyoursuccess.有500个学生出席了会议。Therewere500studentsattendedthemeeting.X“attended”用错了,应改成whoattendedTherewere500studentsattending/whoattendedthemeeting./500studentsattended/werepresentatthemeeting.安排车子去机场接他arrangeforthecartomeethimattheairport足球吸引各种年龄阶段的人。Footballappealsto(=attracts)peopleofallages.学生志愿者们呼吁人们为地震灾民捐款。(appeal)appealtosbforsth/todosthThestudentvolunteersappealedtopeopletodonatemoneytotheearthquakevictims/thevictimsoftheearthquake.如果你能马上和他联系,我不胜感激。(appreciate,contact)Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldcontacthimatonce.contactsb,but:make/comeintocontactwithsb很快他会胜任这工作。(before)Itwillbe/was+一段时间+before过多少时间才做.Itwon'tbelongbeforeheisqualifiedforthejob.=Hewillbequalifiedforthejobsoon/beforelong.词序不同他发生了什么事?Whathashappenedtohim?你认为他发生了什么事?Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtohim?你可以在英特网上找到这种信息。(available)ThiskindofinformationisavailabletoyouontheInternet.如果你方便的话,把坏椅子换成新的好吗?Ifitisconvenienttoyouwouldyoupleaseexchange/replacethebrokenchairfor/withanewone?Ifitisconvenienttoyou,it'sconvenientforsbtodosth,exchange/replaceAfor/withB,but:substituteAforB我从来没想到他会当选为学生会主席。(occur)Itneveroccurredtomethathewouldbeelected/madeChairmanoftheStudents'Union.普通车辆不能到达这山区d(sp/sth)beinaccessibletoavehicle/sbThemountainvillageisinaccessibletoordinaryvehicles.据报道,1998年中国的很多地区发牛了严重的水灾。(occur)“中国的很多地区”不能作主语It'sreportedthatseriousfloodsoccurredinmanypartsofChinain1998.这里occur=happen发生我们应该让公众明白,保护稀有动物免受灭绝人人有责。(it)Weshouldmakeitknowntothepublicthatit'severyone'stodpurtesyerverareanimalsfromextinction.think/consider/believe/find/feelittodo/that.,takeitforgrantedthat.省略除非被邀请发言,否则在会上你应该保持沉默。(invite)unless.or.不能连用,只能用一个Unlessinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentatthemeeting.Unless(youare)invited..从句里用省略要主从句主语相同Theproblem,ifnotdealtwithproperly/wel,lwillgetworseandworsewithtimegoingon/astimesgoeson/withthepassageoftime.强调结构他是为什么推迟看牙医?Whywasitthatheputoff/postponedgoingtothedentist?倒装NolongerhasshekeptintouchwithussinceshewentabroadforfurtherNsetvuedrybeforehasourcountrybeensopowerfulasitistoday.虽然穷,但是他对自己的生活相当满意。(as)Poorasheis,heisquitesatisfiedwithhislife.只有吃营养均衡的饮食,你才能保持健康。(Only)Onlybyeatingabalanceddiet,canyoustayhealthy.=Onlyif/whenyoueatabalanceddiet,willyoubeabletokeepfit.Hedidn'trealizetheimportanceofobeying/observingthetrafficrulesuntilhewasseriouslyinjured.Notuntilhewasseriouslyinjureddidherealize./Itwasnotuntilhewasseriouslyinjuredthatherealized.他一到实验室就开始做实验。(倒装)Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely/Barelyhadhegotwhen...Nosoonerhadhegottothelabthanhesetouttodo/setaboutdoingtheexperiment.=Hardlyhadhegot...whenfHehadhardly/nosoonergotto...when/thanhesetouttodo/setaboutdoing....fAssoonas/Themoment/Theminute/Theinstanthegot.…hesetouttodo.听到他获诺贝尔文学奖的消息时，这作家非常激动以致彻夜难眠。(So)SoexcitedwasthewriterwhenheheardthenewsthathehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturethathefailedtofallasleepthewholenight.多种表达法随着时间的推移astimegoes/wenton=withtimegoingon像你那样聪敏的一个学生ascleverastudentasyou=suchacleverstudentasyou/acleverstudentlikeyou被复旦大学录取beadmittedto/beacceptedby/beenrolledin/enrollinFudanUniversity坦率地说，我不同意这计划。(approve/agree)Frankly/Honestlyspeaking,Idon'tagreetotheplan./Tobefrank/honest,Idon'tapproveoftheplan.违反交通规则的人应该受处罚。Thosewhobreak/Anyonewho/Whoeverbreaksthetrafficrule(s)shouldbepunished.污染是人类面临的最大问题之一。(face)(sb)befacedwith/facesth，(sth)facesb(某物)摆在某人面、八前Pollutionisoneofthemostseriousprobhethatfacemankind/facingmankind/mankindsfacedwith这支医疗队是由10个年龄从25到60岁的医生组成。(range)Themedicalteamismadeupof/iscomposedof/consiststoefndoctorsranginginage/whorangeinagew/hoseagesrangefrom25to60.你愈努力，进步就愈大。Theharderyouwork，thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.=Ifyouworkharder,youwillmake...=Workingharder,youwillmake...=Workharderandyouwillmake..尽管困难重重,我们仍决心执行我们的计划。(inspiteof)inspiteof/despitesth/whatclause/thatfactthatInspiteof/Despitemanydifficulties,wearedeterminedtocarryoutourplan.Inspiteof/Despitethefactthattherearemanydifficulties,wearedeterminedtocarryoutourplan.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinShanghai.=Shanghaihasexperiencedgreatchanges/haschangedgreatly/alo.t容易混淆的我非常赞同(你)。Ican'tagree(withyou)more.那就是我不同意(你)的地方。ThatiswhereIdisagree(withyou).据我所知asfarasIknowbut:众所周知asweallknow/asisknowntoall,/It'sknowntoallthat.问题发现得越早,解决起来就越容易。(Themore.,themore.)Theearliertheproblemisfound,theeasieritistosolve/themoreeasilyitwillbesolved.(tosolve不能用被动)我们无论怎么强调保护环境的重要性也不为过。(emphasize)cannot・・・too/enough无论…也不过分Wecannotemphasizetheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironmenttoomuch.=Wecannot/canneverlaytoomuchemphasisontheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.Youcannotbetoocareful.Icannotthankyouenough.主句或从句中要加词你最好带把雨伞吧,以防下雨。You'dbettertakeanumbrellaincaseofrain/incaseitrains/shouldrain.加it无论遇到什么困难都不要半途而废。(meet)Don'tgiveuphalfwaywhateverdifficultyyoumeetwith.力口you双否定加强肯定语气我们决不辜负父母和老师对我们的期望。(fail)Wewillneverfailtoliveuptowhatourparentsandteachersexpectofus.neverfailtodo谁也不能否认，旅游业的发展创造了很多就业机会。(deny,create)Noone.deny.Noonecandenythatthedevelopmentofthetouristindustryhascreatedmanyjobs/manyemploymentopportunities.itbe&therebe句型据说这本书已经被译成英文。ItissaidthatthisbookhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish=ThisbookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish.It+seem/happen/besaid/bereportedthat・=(sb/sth)seem/happen/besaid/bereportedtodosth他有可能今晚会打电话给我。(likely)It'slikelythat..=(sb/sth)belikelytodosthItislikelythathewillring/callmeuptonight.=Heislikelytoring/callmeuptonight.和他争此事没有意义。Thereisnopointinarguingwithhimaboutit.不懂装懂没什么好处。(nogood)It'snogood/nouse/uselesspretendingtoknowwhatyoudon'tknow.Thereisnopointindoingsth.but:It'sn