lesson-12-高级英语Ships-in-the-Desert教学文案课件

lesson12高级英语ShipsintheDesertBackgroundinformationAlGoreProfession:

Author,Politician,EnvironmentalActivistBackgroundinformationGoreandClintonGore’srunningforPresidency1.Introductionabouttheauthor

AlGore（1948-）：ServedintheUnitedStatesArmy(1969–1971);Profession:Author,Politician,EnvironmentalActivistPoliticalparty:DemocraticMemberoftheU.S.HouseofRepresentativesfromTennessee(1977–1985);UnitedStatesSenatorfromTennessee(1985–1993);45thVicePresidentoftheUnitedStates(January20,1993–January20,2001)underPresidentBillClinton;DemocraticParty'snomineeforPresidentandlostthe2000U.S.presidentialelection(againstGeorgeW.BushJr.)despitewinningthepopularvote.AlGore’stwomainbooksonthethreatandsolutiontoglobalwarming:EarthintheBalance(in1992)AnInconvenientTruth(2006)

《难以忽视的真相》

ThetextistakenfromAlGore’sbookEarthintheBalance.Goredemonstratesthatthequalityofourairandwaterisurgentlyatrisk.Heclearlyillustrateshowproblemsthatoncewereregionalhavenowbecomeglobal.Gorearguesforaworldwidemobilizationtosaveusfromdisaster.

Goreiscurrentlyanauthorandenvironmentalactivist.andhasreceivedaNobelPeacePrizeforhisworkinclimatechangeactivism.globalwarmingGlobalwarmingreferstotheincreaseintheaveragetemperatureoftheEarth'snear-surfaceairandoceansinrecentdecadesanditsprojectedcontinuation.mainreason:

greenhousegaseslikeCO2(carbondioxidemakesupabout70%ofthegreenhousegases),methane甲烷

,watervapor水蒸汽,nitrousoxide一氧化二氮

,andozone臭氧.Maincauses:excessivecarbondioxideemissions;PlantdamageGlobalwarming:Whereismyhome?Sideeffects:Theearth‘spoles(极点)facesnowmelt→risingsealevels,anddrownedislands咦！这冰怎么就慢慢融化了呢？看来此地不宜久留呀！watershortagesQuestions：Whatshouldwedowithglobalwarming?

What’syourattitudetowardsenvironment?AndAlGore’s?Textualanalysiscapableofprocessingafifty-toncatchonagoodday:havingtheabilityofcleaningandpreparingformarketingorcanningfifty-tonsoffishonaproductiveday.

catch:theamountofsomethingcaught，theamountoffishcaughte.g.Theboatbroughtbackabigcatchoffish.WewereanchoredinwhatusedtobethemostproductivefishingsiteinallofcentralAsia,butasIlookedoutoverthebow,theprospectsofagoodcatchlookedbleak.anchorn.

apieceofheavymetalthatisloweredtothebottomofthesea,lake,

etc.topreventashiporboatmoving

Languagepoints–para.1v.

1)tolower

theanchoronashiporboattoholditinoneplaceWeanchoredoffthecoastofSpain.我们在西班牙沿海抛锚停泊。2)to

fastensomethingfirmlysothatitcannotmove把…系住；使稳住；使固定

Theshelvesshouldbesecurelyanchoredtothewall.3)anchormanamanwhoisthemainnewsreaderonatelevisionorradionewsprogramme新闻节目主播

butasIlookedoutoverthebow,theprospectsofagoodcatchlookedbleak:ButasIlookedoutoverthebow,Icouldseetherewasnochanceforcatchinganyfish.

Thisisobviouslyanunderstatementbecausewithsandallaroundtherewasnochanceofcatchingfish,tosaynothingofcatchingalotoffish.Languagepoints–para.1lookout:

1.当心

2.朝…外看

3.Helookedoutsomedetectivestorybooksforhisfriend.他为朋友挑选了几本侦探小说。4.Mywindowlooksoutintoastreet.我的窗户面对着一条街。lookover:toexaminesomethingquickly,withoutpayingmuchattentiontodetailDoyouhaveafewminutestolookthesesamplesover?

Languagepoints–para.1prospect:→prospectofdoingsth.Eg:Iseenoprospectofthingsimprovinghere.→beexcited/alarmed/concernedetc.

attheprospect(ofsth)Eg:Shewasn'texactlyoverjoyedattheprospectoflookingafterherniece.bleak:nothopeful;bareorempty;cold.bleak:

a)Ifasituationisbleak,itisbad,andseemsunlikelytoimprove.

e.g.Hisfuturelookedbleak.

thebleaknessofthepostwaryears

b)Ifaplaceisbleak,itlookscold,bare,andunattractive

e.g.thebleakcoastlinec)Whentheweatherisbleak,itiscold,dull,andunpleasant

e.g.thebleakwintersd)Ifsomeonelooksorsoundsbleak,theyseemdepressed,hopeless,orunfriendly

e.g.hisbleakfeaturesUnderstatement：

theoppositeofhyperboleoroverstatement;representingsth.asmuchlessinmagnitudeorimportancethanitreallyis.Eg:Moneyiskindoftight,butIcanmanage."Ihavetohavethisoperation.Itisn'tveryserious.Ihavethistinylittletumoronthebrain."Myroomisn'tverymessybesidesthatthereareabouttwentybooksscatteredaroundtheroomwithtenorsopantsorshirtshangingaroundmybedarea.

Languagepoints–para.1lapv.(ofwaves)tohitsomethinggently,producingquietsoundsThewavesgentlylappedtheshore.→lapsthup1)toenjoyoracceptsomethingwithoutworryingaboutwhetheritisgood,trueetc.

欣然接受She'slappingupalltheattentionshe'sgetting.2)舔食；Thecatbegantolapupthemilk.→inthelapofluxury

在优裕的环境中；穷奢极侈

Eg:Shewasn'tusedtolivinginthelapofluxury.

Languagepoints–para.1…,scatteredinthedunesthatstretchedallthewaytothehorizon.scatter

vt.

/vi1)tothrowordropthingsindifferentdirectionssothattheycoveranareaofgroundTheyscatteredhisashesatsea.2)tomoveortomakepeopleoranimalsmoveveryquicklyindifferentdirectionsThesoundofgunfiremadethecrowdscatterinalldirections.

Languagepoints–para.1stretch:1)tospreadoveralargeareaordistanceTherefugeecampsstretchasfarastheeyecansee.2)togoasfarasorbeyondtheusuallimitofsomethingManyfamilies'budgetsarealreadystretchedtobreakingpoint.Wedon'tnormallyallowinpeopleunder18,butIsupposewecouldstretchtherulesforyouasit'syourbirthdaytomorrow.

TheAralSeaAmerica’sGreatLakes

*thegroupoffivefreshwaterlakes,centralNorthAmerica,betweentheUnitedStatesandCanada,largestbodyoffreshwaterintheworldNowitisdisappearingbecausethewaterthatusedtofeedithasbeendivertedinanill-consideredirrigationschemetogrowcottoninthedessert.Theschemewasanill-conceivedonebecauseitfailedtotakeintoconsiderationtheecologicaleffect.Nowitisbecomingsmallerandsmallerbecausethewaterthatusedtoflowintotheseahasbeenturnedawaytoirrigatethelandcreatedinthedeserttogrowcotton.

Languagepoints–para.1dockn&v.1)Ifashipdocks,itarrivesatadockandifsomeonedocksaship,theybringitintoadockEg:HundredsofpeopleturneduptoseetheshipdockatSouthampton.2)totakeawaypartofsomething,especiallymoneyEg:They'vedocked15%offmypayforthisweek.

Para2thesunglaringatmidnightthroughaholeinthesky:midnightsun:phenomenonoccurringonlyinthepolarregions

aholeinthesky:ozonedepletion臭氧层空洞thesunshiningatmidnightthroughtheozonedepletion

aboutthetunnelhewasdiggingthroughtime……abouttheicecoresamplemarkedbyannuallayers,whichcanshowthedifferentdegreesofpollutionfromyeartoyear.Thedeeperhedrilled,thefartherthesampleintime;inotherwords,thesurfaceoftheglacierisanindicationofrecenttimewhilethedeeperpartoftheglaciertellsofsituationofamuchmoreremoteperiod.Languagepoints–para.2Slippinghisparkabacktorevealabadlyburnedfacethatwascrackedandpeeling,…cracked

adj.1)damagedwithlinesinitssurfacebutnotcompletelybroken;Themirrorwascrackedanddirty.2)

(ofsb'svoice)soundingroughwithsuddenchangesinhowloudorhighitis,becausethepersonisupset;'I'mjustfine,'shesaidinacrackedvoice.Languagepoints–para.2Hemovedhisfingerbackintimetotheiceoftwodecadesago.Paraphrase:Followingthelayersoficeinthecoresample,hisfingercametotheplacewherethelayeroficewasformed20yearsago.Languagepoints–para.3pickupspeed/steam:togofasterThetrainwasgraduallypickingupspeed.

Para3

Industrymeantcoal,andlateroil,…andslowlywarmtheearth.

Paraphrase:Thedevelopmentofindustrymeanttheuseoflargeamountsofcoalandlaterpetroleumasfuelstogeneratepower.Whencoalandoilareburned,theyemitcarbondioxide(CO2)intheairwhichkeepsmoreheatneartheearth.WhenthelevelofCO2emissionsintheairbecomeshigh,heatwillfinditdifficulttogetthroughittogointohigheraltitudes.Thusthetemperatureoftheearthgetswarmer.upwind:adv.&adj.inthedirectionfromwhichthewindisblowingorusuallyblows逆风地；顶风地；

tochartthecourse:

toshowtheonwardmovementonanoutlinemap

inexorable:thatcannotbechanged;unalterable

Languagepoints–para.3…,pushingtheendofasteeplinestillhigheronthegraph.Translation:把图表上一条斜度很大的上升的线再上推进Languagepoints–para.4hover

v.1)tostayclosetosth,ortostayinanuncertainstateTemperatureshoveredaroundfreezing.→hoveraround/between2)tostayinoneplaceintheair,usuallybymovingthewingsquicklyIheardthenoiseofahelicopterhoveringoverhead.→hoverover/above

emerge:appear

submerge:gobelowthesurfaceofwater;subconscious下意识的；潜意识的subculture亚文化；次文化

subclass亚纲，子集；子类

submarine水下的，海底的；潜艇

Icecap19792003ridgePara5Consideringsuchscenariosisnotapurelyspeculativeexercise.scenario：thewayinwhichasituationmaydevelop；speculative:thinking;pondering;guessingnotbasedonfactorinvestigation;Paraphrase:

Thinkingabouthowaseriesofeventsmighthappenasaconsequenceofthethinningofthepolarcapisnotjustakindofpracticeinconjecture(speculation):ithasgotpracticalvalue.Languagepoints–para.5astill

controversialclaimcontroversial

adj.causingalotofdisagreement,becausemanypeoplehavestrongopinionsaboutthesubjectbeingdiscussed→controversialist争论者，好争论者

Paraphrase:astatementwhichsomescientistsstilldonotcompletelyaccept

Languagepoints–para.6…wherebillowingcloudsofsmokeregularlyblackentheskyabovetheimmensebutnowthreatened

Amazonrainforest.billow:1)ifsmoke,cloud,etc.billows,itrisesandmovesinalargemassAgreatcloudofsmokebillowedoutofthechimney.2)(ofasail,skirt,etc.)tofillwithairandswelloutHerlongskirtbillowedinthebreeze.

Languagepoints–para.6blacken:tobecomeblack,ormakesomethingblackThethunderbecamelouderandtheskyblackened.→blackensb'sname/character/reputationtosayunpleasantthingsaboutsomeoneinordertomakeotherpeoplehaveabadopinionofthemHeaccusedthenewspaperoftryingtoblackenhisname.

Amazonrainforest.

TheBrazilianAmazoncontainsaboutathirdoftheEarth'sremainingtropicalforestandaveryhighportionofitsbiologicaldiversity.

Acrebyacre,therainforestisbeingburnedtocreatefastpastureforfast-foodbeef.fastpastureforfast-foodbeef:alliterationParaphrase：Bitbybittreesintherainforestareburntandthelandisclearedandturnedintopasturewherecattlecanberaisedquicklyandslaughteredandthebeefcanbeusedinhamburgers.

Languagepoints–para.6…,withmorethanoneTennessee’sworthofrainforestsbeingslashedandburnedeachyear.worth:equalinareaorsize

slash:cutwithasweepingstroke；

（toreducecostsorjobsbyalargeamount.Eg：Everyoneagreesthatsubsidieshavetobeslashed.所有人都同意必须大幅度削减补贴。）Paraphrase:TheareaofrainforestburnedinoneyearisbiggerthanthestateofTennesseeLanguagepoints–para.6…,therearemoredifferentspeciesofbirdsineachsquaremileoftheAmazonthanexistinallofNorthAmerica–whichmeanswearesilencingthousandsofsongswehaveneverevenheard.Paraphrase：Sincemilesofforestarebeingdestroyedandthehabitatfortheserarebirdsnolongerexists,thousandsofbirdswhichwehavenotevenhadachancetoseewillbecomeextinct.Translation:亚马逊雨林中每平方英里的林区栖息的禽鸟种类多于整个北美洲现存的禽鸟种类——这就意味着我们正在使成千上万种我们从来没有听到过的飞禽的歌声永远消失。Languagepoints–para.7assaultn.1)aviolentattackbyviolence;Theylaunchedanassaultonthecapitalyesterday.2)astrongcriticism.v.

toattacksomeoneviolentlyHehasbeenchargedwithassaultingapoliceofficer.

Languagepoints–para.7Imagethatsignalthedistressofourglobalenvironmentarenowcommonlyseenalmostanywhere.distress:

astateofextremesorrow,suffering,painorinextremedanger;Paraphrase:Typicalexamplesshowingthedangerousenvironmentalsituationintheworldcanbefoundalmosteverywhere.Languagepoints–para.7blotoutphr.v.1)tocoverorhidesomethingcompletelyThickwhitesmokeblottedoutthesun.2)

ifyoublotoutanunpleasantmemory,athoughtetc,youdeliberatelytrytoforgetitShesaidshetookdrugstoblotoutherproblems.

Languagepoints–para.7…,whereitcondensesatmuchhigheraltitudestoformmorecloudsthatthesun’sraysstillstrikelongaftersunsethasbroughtthebeginningofnighttothesurfacefarbeneaththem.condense

v.1)toreducesomething,suchasaspeechorpieceofwriting,inlengthIcondensedtenpagesofcommentsinto/totwo.

2)tochangefromagasintoaliquidSteamcondensesintowaterwhenitcools.Languagepoints–para.7beneath

prep.1)inortoalowerpositionthansb/sthTheyfoundthebodyburiedbeneathapileofleaves.2)notgoodenoughornotsuitableforsbManyfindthemselveshavingtotakejobsfarbeneaththem.很多人觉得自己在工作上被迫大材小用。Languagepoints–para.7Translation:(虽说过去天空中偶尔也出现过夜光云团，)但大气层中所含的那些过量的甲烷会将更多的水蒸气带到高层大气中；水蒸气在更高处凝结，会形成更厚的云层，夜幕降临以后很久，这些位于高空的云层还在受着太阳光的照射。Theimplication：Thenightcomesearlierthantheupperpart.Thebalancebetweendayandnightisbroken.Para8Whatshouldwefeeltowardtheseghostsintheskysky?Simplewonderorthemixofemotionswefeelatthezoo?

themixofemotionswefeelatthezoo:excitementandguiltwhenwefeelsorryforthembecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoffreedom.Paraphrase:Whatshouldourattitudebetowardthesenoctilucentclouds?Shoulditonlybeafeelingofsurpriseandadmirationoracombinationofdifferentfeelingsofexcitementandguiltweexperienceinthezoo?

Languagepoints–para.8…,justasmenteartusksfromelephants’headsinsuchquantityastothreatenthebeastwithextinction.tear

v.1)topullorbepulledapart,ortopullpiecesoff;ItoremyskirtonthechairasIstoodup.2)

toinjureamuscle,etc.bystretchingittoomuch;Shehadtornamuscleinherleg.

→teardown拆毁;拆除

→tearaway逼…离开;迫使…停止

Hewasenjoyingthefunandcouldn'ttearhimselfaway.

Languagepoints–para.8Paraphrase:Menarekillingsuchlargenumberofelephantsfortheirtusksthatthespeciesisonthebrinkofextinction.Languagepoints–para.9…whetherit’sthenewfrequencyofdayswhenthetemperatureexceeds100degrees,thenewspeedwithwhichthesunburnsourskin,orthenewconstancyofpublicdebateoverwhattodowithgrowingmountainsofwaste.exceed:tobegreaterormorethan….Thesuccessofourcampaignhasexceededourwildestexpectations.

超出，超越（限制、规定等）Languagepoints–para.9constancy

n.1)thequalityofstayingthesameandnotchangingTheconstancyofthespeedoflightseems,atfirstthought,unremarkable.2)thequalityofbeingfaithfulNeverdoubttheconstancyofmyloveforyou.

Languagepoints–para.9Translation:

或是气温超过一百度的高温天气出现频率的增加，或是太阳灼伤人的皮肤的速度的加快，或是公众对越积越多的废物该如何处理这一问题进行讨论的热情的高涨。

Languagepoints–para.9Andwhydootherimages,thoughsometimesequallydramatic,produceinsteadakindofparalysis,focusingourattentionnotonwaystorespondbutratheronsomeconvenient,lesspainfuldistraction?Paraphrase:Andwhydoothersymbols,thoughsometimesnolessstriking,onlycauseakindoflossandinactivityandweconcentrateourattentionnotonthewaystodealwiththembutinstead,onsomeothersubstituteswhichareeasytogetandlesspainful?Languagepoints–para.9Translation:为什么另外一些现象，虽然有时也同样严重，却让人们无动于衷，人们的注意力不是集中在寻求积极有效的对策而是某种方便省事的规避策略呢?e.g:gasesfromcars(distraction:peoplestillwantcars,andhaveaneasyandlesspainfulwaytodealwiththisissue.)Para11

bereservedfor:Ifsomethingisreservedforaparticularpersonorpurpose,itiskeptspeciallyforthatpersonorpurpose.

Eg:Hegavemealookofthesortusuallyreservedfornaughtyschoolchildren.Para12Acidrain（酸雨）rainwithahighconcentrationofacidsproducedbysulfurdioxide(二氧化硫)nitrogenoxide(氧化氮),etc.emittedduringthecombustion（氧化）offossilfuels;ithasadestructiveeffectonplantandaquatic(水中的)life,buildings,etc.

Languagepoints–para.12Problemslikeacidrain,thecontaminationofundergroundaquifers,andlargeoilspillsarefundamentallyregional.contaminate

v.tospoilthepurityofsomethingormakeitpoisonousMuchofthecoasthasbeencontaminatedbynuclearwaste.→contaminationn.[U]

Languagepoints–para.12aquifer

n.alayerofrockorsoilthatcanabsorbandholdwater含水土层spill

n.anamountofsomethingwhichhascomeoutofacontainerIwipedupthecoffeespillsonthetable.→spillinto/onto

phrviflightspillsontoorintosomething,itshinesthroughawindow,door,holeetcontosomethingelseThemorninglightspilledintotheroom.

oilspillLanguagepoints–para.12…andthesurvivalofcivilizationisnotatstake.atstake:thatcanbewonorlostdependingonthesuccessofaparticularaction.在紧要关头Eg:TheChinesenationhasreachedapointwhereitsveryexistenceisatstake.中华民族到了这生死存亡的关头。→stakesthonsb/sth拿...打赌/冒险Kevinisstakinghisreputationonthesuccessoftheproject.

Languagepoints–para.14…,posingaworldwidethreattotheearth’sabilitytoregulatetheamountofheatfromthesunretainedintheatmosphere.pose

v.1)tocausesomething,especiallyaproblemordifficultyNuclearweaponsposeathreattoeveryone.→posesthto/forsb/sthRisingunemploymentisposingseriousproblemsfortheadministration.

2)

pose

aquestion

：toaskaquestion

Languagepoints–para.14retain

v.1)tokeepsomethingorcontinuetohavesomethingHemanagedtoretainhisdignitythroughouttheperformance.2)tostoreorkeepsomethinginsidesomethingelseAlotofinformationcanberetainedinyourcomputer.

Thisincreaseinheatseriouslythreatenstheglobalclimateequilibriumthatdeterminesthepatternofwinds,rainfall,surfacetemperatures,oceancurrentsandsealevel.Paraphrase:Theglobalclimatebalancedeterminesthepatternofwindsrainfall,surfacetemperatures,oceancurrentsandsealevel.Oncethisstateofbalanceisupset,winds,rainfall,oceancurrentswillbecomeabnormal;surfacetemperaturesandsealevelwillrise.Languagepoints–para.15Butthesechanges,whilesometimesappearingtobepervasive,have,untilrecently,beenrelativelytrivialfactorsintheglobalecologicalsystem.Paraphrase:Althoughsometimesthesechangesseemtobetakingplaceeverywhereintheworld,theyhave,untilrecently,beenrelativelyinsignificantintheirinfluenceontheecologicalsystemoftheworld.Butitispreciselythatassumptionwhichmustnowbediscardedsothatwecanthinkstrategicallyaboutournewrelationshiptotheenvironment.Paraphrase:Whatweshouldgetridofisexactlythatkindofviewwhichhasbeentakenforgranted.Onlywhenwehavedroppedsuchaviewcanwethinkinalong-term,overallwayaboutourrelationshiptotheenvironment.Para15Para16Sofar,however,weseemobliviousofthefragilityoftheearth’snaturalsystems.Paraphrase:Uptillnow,weseemtobeunawareofthefactthattheearth’snaturalsystemsarevulnerableandcaneasilybedamaged.Para17thatdefinethephysicalrealityofourrelationshiptotheearth:thatdeterminetheactualstateofourrelationshipwithnature.Languagepoints–para.17…,withtheadditionofoneChina’sworthofpeopleeverytenyears,…worth:equalinsizeornumber

e.g.Thestormdidthousandsofpounds’worthofdamage(=diddamageworththousandsofpounds).Paraphrase:EverytenyearsthenewlyaddedpopulationwillequalthepopulationofChinaPara18JuliusCaesar:(102?B.C.-44B.C.),RomanstatesmanandgeneralChristopherColumbus:(1451-1506),discovererofAmerica,bornGenoa,ItalyThomasJefferson:[1743-1826)thirdPresidentoftheU.S.(1801-9),authoroftheDeclarationofIndependence.Para19

…inthecourseofonehumanlife—mine:duringthelifespanofanindividual–mylifetime

…itisalreadymorethanhalfwaythere:theworldpopulationisalreadymorethanhalfofthatfigure.Languagepoints–para.19Now,inthecourseofonehumanlifetime–mine–theworldpopulationwillincreasefrom2tomorethan9billion,anditisalreadymorethanhalfwaythere.Translation:而如今，在一个人——我——的一生的时间里，世界人口便能从二十亿增长到九十亿。目前，这个增长过程业已完成一大半。Para20…makingtheconsequenceofunrestrainedexploitationeverybitasunthinkableastheconsequencesofunrestrainednuclearwar:

Paraphrase:…thisincreasedabilityhasmadetheresultsofunlimiteduseofglobalresourcesaltogetherasterribleastheresultsoffull-scalenuclearwarWhilenosinglediscovery…unrestrainednuclearwar.Translation:虽然没有哪一单项的科学发现能够像核武器改变人类与战争的关系那样改变人类与地球的关系，但这些科学发现若结合在一起，却是千真万确地从根本上改变人类开发地球以求生存的积累能力，使得无控制地开发利用地球的后果与无控制的核战争的后果一样不堪设想。Languagepoints–para.21Theyaresymptomsofanunderlyingproblembroaderinscopeandmoreseriousthananywehaveeverfaced.Paraphrase:Theyaresignsandindicationsshowingthatthereexistsamuchgreaterandmoreseriousproblemwhichwehaveneverencountered.Languagepoints–para.22…tosee

ourselvesaspartofacomplexsystemthatdoesnotoperateaccordingtothesamesimplerulesofcauseandeffectweareusedto.seesb/sthassthIseethejobasachallenge.Paraphrase:toregardourselvesaspartofacomplicatedsystemwhichdoesnotfunctionaccordingtotheruleofcause-effectwearefamiliarwith

Languagepoints–para.22Theproblemisnotoureffectontheenvironmentsomuchasourrelationshipwiththeenvironment.notsomuch...as...与其说是…不如说是…

usedtosaythatonedescriptionofsomeoneorsomethingislesssuitableorcorrectthananotherShewasnotsomuchnervousasimpatientforthejourneytobeover.

Languagepoints–para.22Paraphrase:Whatisinvolvedisamatterofhumanrelationswithnature,ratherthanhowmankindwillaffectnature.Languagepoints–para.22Asaresult,anysolutiontotheproblemwillrequireacarefulassessmentofthatrelationshipaswellasthecomplexinterrelationshipamongfactorswithincivilizationandbetweenthemandthemajornaturalcomponentsoftheearth’secologicalsystem.assessment:opinionorjudgementLanguagepoints–para.22Paraphrase:Asaresult,ifwewanttosolvetheproblem,wewillhavetocarefullyweighanddeterminehowimportantthatrelationshipisandhowimportantisthecomplicatedinterconnectionamongfactorsinsidehumansocietyandbetweenthesefactorsan