外贸英文制单1-2章Documentation-for-Foreign教学内容课件

Chapter1

OverviewforDocumentationDocumentsactasamediumforrealizationofint’ltradebymeansofdeliveringandsubmittingdocuments.Nomatterwhatthelinkstheyare,suchasmakinggoodsready,declaringinspectionforcommodities,exportclearance,exporttransportation,cargoinsuranceandpayment，orsendingshipfortransportation,importinsurance,checkingdocumentsforpayment,importclearancefortakingdelivery,cargoinspectionandclaim)，thereisnodoubtthatallthoselinksareinvolvedinmakingoutofdocuments,deliveryofdocumentsandtransmissionofdocumentssothatthedocumentscansatisfytherequirementsofcommerce,banking,insurance,inspection,customshouseandgovernmentagentsfordealingwithsupervisingtheimportandexport.Chapter1OverviewforDocumenSection1

Theimplicationofexportdocuments1.Theimplicationofexportdocuments

Exportdocuments,alsocalledexportcertificates,referstothedocumentsorcertificates,whichareusedfordealingwithdeliveryofgoods,transportation,insurance,commodityinspection,paymentandclearance.Section1Theimplicationofe2.Featuresofexportdocuments(1)Datamation

ofcommodities

Modernbusinessissymbolicdelivery.Afterthesellerhasdeliveredthegoods,hemustpresentthedocuments(titletothegoods)tothebankforfulfillmentofbusinesscontract.Ontheotherhand,thebuyershouldeffectthepaymentforgettingthedocumentsinordertotakedeliveryatportofdestination.Themainreasonisthatthedocumentsrepresenttheactualgoods.Generallyspeaking,allexportdocumentsinvolvestwofunctions,suchasonepossessingcommodityattributesorrepresentingcommodityvalue,packingandquality,orpresentingthequantityandplaceoforigin.Theothersactascurrencyattributes,ordirectlyusedforthefunctionofpayment.2.Featuresofexportdocuments(2)commercializationofcommodity

Internationaltrademeansthetransactionofdocumentssothatthesellerandthebuyerdobusinessthroughthedeliveryofdocumentsagainstpaymentbyforeignexchange.(2)commercializationofcommo3.DocumentsarethebasisforinternationalpaymentAmongmodernint’ltrade,documentscan’tbesubstitutedforbyanyotherthings.Afterthesellerhasfulfilledhisobligationtodeliver,heshouldpresentrequireddocumentstobankforhispayment.Withoutqualifieddocumentsrequiredbybusinesscontractordocumentarycredits,thesellerwouldnotgettherelevantpaymentfromissuingbank.3.DocumentsarethebasisforSection2Thepositionofdocumentationinexporttrade

1.Usingdocumentsexchangeasthewayfortransaction

Int’ltradereferstotheexchangeofgoodsandproceedsbetweenthebuyerandtheselleracrosscountries’boundaries.Now,documentarycreditsandcollectionhavebecomethemainmeansforexchangeofgoodsandproceeds.Withoutdocuments,therewouldbenoint’ltrade.

Section2Thepositionofdocu2.Theprincipleforbankscheckingdocuments

Sincethebuyerandthesellerarelocatedindifferentcountries,goodsanddocumentscannotbedirectlyexchangedfacetoface.TheInint’lpayment,theprincipleofpaymentisonbasisofconformitybetweendocumentsandL/Candconformityamongvariousdocuments.2.Theprincipleforbankschec3.DocumentationisessentialtoforeigntradeWithoutdocumentation,therewouldbenoint’lpayment.Ifthesellerwantstosafelygetthepayment,heshouldmakethedocumentsconformitywiththetermsandconditionsofL/C.Anydiscrepancymayleadtobank’sdishonor.3.Documentationisessentialt4.Legalpapersfordealingwithdisputesand

satisfyingclaimWhenthedocumentsareusedforint’lpayment,thereisnodoubtthatsomedisputesmayoccur.Therefore,documentsarethelegalpapersforsettlingdisputesorsatisfyingclaims.Iftherewerenodocumentstocertifythefulfillmentofbusinesscontract,arbitrationtribunalorcourtwouldbedifficulttojudgewhowouldbedefeatedorwhowouldbethewinner.4.LegalpapersfordealingwitSection3Thekindsofdocuments

I.BusinessContract：

Usedforstipulatingtherightsandobligationsofbothparties.

1.SalesContract/SalesConfirmation2.PurchaseContract/PurchaseConfirmation3.Ordersorindentssentbythebuyer4.AgreementforbusinesstransactionSection3ThekindsofdocumenII.CommercialDocuments：Usedforstatingorcertifyingdescriptionofcommodities.

1．CommercialInvoice2．PackingList/WeightList/Weightmemo3．InsurancePolicy/Certificate4．TransportDocuments(a)OceanBillofLading(b)AirwayBill(c)RailwayBill/RailwayCargoReceipt/HighwayCargoReceipt(d)PostalReceipt

II.CommercialDocuments：UsedIII.FinancialInstruments：

Usedforgettingthepaymentandpossessingcurrencyattributes.Normallytheycansubstituteforcashtoenterintocirculationfieldandaremoreconvinentthancash.

1.BillofExchange2.Cheque/check3.PromissoryNote

III.FinancialInstruments：UsIV.OfficialDocuments：

Refertoallcertificatesissuedbygovernmentagentsorfolkorganizationsandaretheauthorizedcertificatesandplayveryimportantroleininternationalpaymentorsettlementbetweenthebuyerandtheselleracrosscountries’boundaries.

1.InspectionCertificate2.CertificateofOrigin3.ExportLicense4.CustomsInvoice5.ConsularInvoice6.ConsularCertificateofOriginIV.OfficialDocuments：ReferV.OtherCertificates：

Usedformeetingsomespecialrequirementsforint’ltradeactivities.

1.Beneficiary’sCertificate2.CopyofTelex/Fax/E-mail3.CertificateofVessel’sNationality4.ItineraryCertificate5.Captain’sReceipt6.FreightReceiptV.OtherCertificates：UseSection4BasicrequirementsfordocumentationDocumentationshouldbedoneasper“conformitybetweentheL/Canddocuments”;“conformityamongdifferentdocuments”and“conformitybetweenthedocumentsandcargoes”.SinceL/Cbusinessispurelythedocumentbusiness,thebank’sguaranteeforpaymenttobeneficiaryisonlyonthebasisofthecompletenessandcorrectnessofdocumentssubmitted.Itmeansthatthebankonlycaresfordocuments’apparentconformityratherthantheactualsituationofcargoesdelivered.Therefore,itisself-evidentthatalldocumentationshouldbedoneasperthreeconformities.Section4BasicrequirementsfI.ConformitybetweendocumentsandtermsofL/C

ItmeansthatthecontentsmentionedindocumentsshouldbeexactlythesameasthatmentionedbyL/C’sclauses,suchascommodityname,quantity,quality,shippingmarks,unitprice,packingmaterials,paymentterms,etc.Meanwhile,thecontentsstipulatedbyL/Cshouldbedescribedonthesurfaceofallrequireddocuments.Forexample,TheEnglishnameonL/CisGunnyBags,thenameondocumentscannotbementionedas“JuteBags”.I.ConformitybetweendocumentII.ConformityamongdocumentsConformityamongdocumentsmeansthatalldocumentsshouldbekeptconformityforthesamebusiness,suchascommodityname,quality,quantitypacking,shippingmarks,etc.Asperthearticle13ofUCP500,theinconsistencebetweendifferentdocumentsmeansinconsistentwiththestipulationsofL/C.II.ConformityamongdocumentsIII.ConformitybetweendocumentsandcargoesConformitybetweendocumentsandcargoesmeansthattheactualdeliveryofgoodsshouldbesameasmentionedindocuments.Althoughitdoesn’tplayanimportantroleininternationalpayment,itwillmakesenseinlodgingaclaimwhenthequality,quantityorpackingarenotinconformitywiththestipualationinsalescontract.Therefore,thesellershouldkeepexactconformitybetweendocumentsandcargoessoastoavoidanylegallitigationsorbeaskedforarbitration.III.ConformitybetweendocumeIV.Fourrequirementsfordocumentation

Itreferstothecorrectness,completeness,justintimeandtidy.1.Correctness：

Itisthepre-reacquisitionforpayment.Withoutanyerrorsandwithperfectcorrection,itistheguaranteeforthesellertogetpaymentfromthebankorthebuyer.Anyerrorsinspelling,typingmaycauseabigtroubleforgettingpaymentfromthebankorthebuyer.Therefore,greatcareisnecessaryfordocumentation.IV.Fourrequirementsfordocu

2.Completeness：

Itmeanscompletenessincontents,typesofdocuments,andcopiesofdocuments.Anymissingincontentsorlackofagivendocumentmayleadtoseriousoutcome,eitherdishonoringfromthebankorpayafineforincompleteness.2.Completeness：Itmeans

3．Justintime：

Itmeansthatdocumentationshouldpayattentiontoshipmentdate;presentationperiodfordocumentsandthevalidityofL/C.Themostimportantthingistocarefor(1)thedateofissuingdocumentsshouldbelogical,e.g.thedateofinsuranceandinspectioncertificateshouldbeearlierthanOceanBillofLading.ThedateofB/LshouldbeearlierthanthelatestshipmentdatestipulatedinL/C.(2)Thepresentationofdocumentsshouldbewithintheperiodfordocumentspresentation.3．Justintime：Itmeans

4.Tidy：

Alldocumentsshouldbetidyorcleanwithoutmodificationsonthesurfaceorthecontentsindetail.Rightnow,alldocumentscanbemadeoutbycomputers.Therefore,cleanandtidydocumentsareessentialforinternationalpayment.4.Tidy：Alldocumentssh

Section5Thefulfillmentofexportcontract

Thefulfillmentofbusinesscontractnormallycoversfourlinkssuchas:cargoes;L/C;shiporbookingshippingspaceandpayment.InChinese,itmeans货、证、船、款。Eachlinkiscrucialtosuccessfulconductbusinessbetweenthebuyerandtheseller.Anymistakesornegligence

ineachlinkwillbethedisasterforthesellertogetpaymentfromthebankorthebuyer.Section5Thefulfillment

I.Preparingthegoods

1.Preparingthegoods

ItmeanstomakethegoodsreadyasperthebusinesscontractorL/C,suchasthequality,quantityandpackingetc.Asweknow,anydiscrepanciesbetweenthegoodsandstipulationinsalecontractwillleadtodishonoringfromthebankorthebuyer.I.Preparingthegoods1.Requirementsforpreparingthegoods:(1)QualityshouldbethesameasthestipulationinbusinesscontractandL/C.(2)QuantityshouldmeettherequirementsofbusinesscontractandL/C.Itisimportantforthesellertosetasidesomethingforinordertoprepareforreplacementormeettherequirementsformoreorlessclause.(3)PackingshouldbeexactlythesameasthestipulationofbusinesscontractandL/C,suchasthepackingmaterials,packingmanners,etc.(4)ShippingmarksshouldbeconsistentwiththestipulationofbusinesscontractandL/C.(5)ShipmentdateshouldbeconsistentwiththestipulationofL/Candrationallyarrangethetimeforshippingschedule.Requirementsforpreparingthe

2.Declaringinspection

Ininternationaltrade,thereisnodoubtthatallgoodsstipulatedformandatoryinspectionshoulddeclareinspectiontoinspectioninstitution.Thequalifiedinspectioncertificateisessentialtoexportclearance.Normally,withoutinspectioncewrtificate,customsofficewillnotthecagoestobeoutofcustomsfrontier.Themainpurposeistosafeguardacountry’sreputationforcommodity’squality.2.Declaringinspection

II.UrgingL/C,checkingL/CandamendingL/C

1.UrgingL/C

UrgingL/CmeanstoissueL/Cthroughmails,cables,faxore-mails.Inexportbusiness,owingtosomereasons,suchasmarketfluctuation,shortageofmoney,etc.thebuyerfailstoopenL/Cintime.Therefore,thesellershouldurgeorremindthebuyertoissueL/Casperthestipulationofbusinesscontract.II.UrgingL/C,checkingL/C

2.CheckingL/C

AlthoughL/Cisopenedasperthebusinesscontract,thereisstillapossibilityforerrorsordiscrepancies.Therefore,thesellershouldcarefullycheckL/Caccordingtotheclausesofbusinesscontract.1.Asperbusinesscontract.2.Asperthepolicyforforeigntrade.3.Asperrelevantcustomsandpracticeforint’ltrade.2.CheckingL/C

Although

3.AmendingL/C

IfthereareanydiscrepanciesbetweenL/Candbusinesscontract,thesellershouldaskthebuyertoamendL/Caccordingly.Afterthesellershouldreceivetheamendmentissuedbytheissuingbank.hecandeliverthegoodsandpresentdocumentsfornegotiation.3.AmendingL/CIftherea

III.Charteringandbookingshippingspace

Itincludeschartering,exportclearance,insurance,transportationandsendingshippingadvice.1.CharteringItmeansthatthesellerbooksshippingspaceorchartersashipforcargotransportation.Whenthegoodsareinsmallquantity,theselleronlyneedstobookshippingspaceaspertheweightorvolume.Whenthequantityisbigenough,thesellermaycharterawholeshipforsavingthefreightanddecreasethetransactioncost.III.Charteringandbookin

2.Exportclearance

Exportclearancemeanstoclearthegoodsforexport.Thesellershouldpresentfollowingdocumentsforclearance.(1)Exportlicenseorotherauthorizedpapers.(2)Loadingdocument.(3)Invoice.(4)Packinglistorweightmemo.(5)Inspectioncertificate.(6)BillofEntry.(7)Otherrelevantdocuments.2.ExportclearanceExpor

3.Coveringthegoods

ExportershouldcoverthegoodsforthespecificBasicRiskifthecontractisconcludedonthebasisofCIF.Normally,InsuranceCompanywillissueinsurancedocumentswhenitcheckstheApplicationforInsurance.Usually,exportermustpresentfollowingdocumentstoInsuranceCompany,suchascommercialinvoice,L/C,OceanB/LandShipmentOrder,etc.3.CoveringthegoodsEx

4.Transportation

AfterCustomsHouseauthorizestheshipmentofgoods,exportershouldsendgoodstoportandpreparetoloadthegoods.Duringloading,thepeoplefromShippingCompanywillcheckthegoodsaccordingtheShipmentOrder.Afterloading,exporterwillget“Mate’sreceipt,whichisusedtogetformaloceanB/Lafterpayingrelevantfreight.4.Transportation

After

5.Sendingshippingadvice

Aftereffectingtheshipment,exportershouldimmediatelysendshippingadvicetoimportersothatthebuyercanpreparetotakedeliveryorcoverthegoodsforspecificBasicInsurance.Ifthesellerfailstosendtheshippingadvice,alllossescausedbysuchdelaywillbeundertakenbytheseller.5.SendingshippingadviceIV.Payment

1.Documentation

ItreferstothetypingallrequireddocumentsaccordingtorequirementsofdocumentaryL/C.Asweknow,contractsbasedonCIF、CFRarepuredocumentsbusiness,thebuyereffectsthepaymentagainstdocuments.Normally,themaindocumentsareBillofExchange,CommercialInvoice,ShippingDocuments,InsuranceDocumentsInspectiondocuments,CertificateofOriginorG.S.PFormA,etc.Pleasepayattentionthatcommercialinvoiceisthecentraldocument,whichmeansthatalldocumentsshouldbebasedonthedetailsofinvoice.IV.Payment

1.Documenta

2.Exportpayment

Exportpaymentmeansthatexportergetspaymentthroughcommercialbank’sbanktransferofproceedsbetweencorrespondentbanks.Rightnow,inChina,therearethreemaintypesasfollows:(1)Paymentafterreceiptofproceeds,whichmeansthatthebankhasreceivedthepaymentfromcorrespondentbankabroadandcreditstheexporter’saccountasperthecurrentexchangerate.(2)Paymentatfixeddate,whichmeansthatthebankeffectsthepaymentasperadvancedscheduleatfixedexchangeratenomatterwhetherthebankhasreceivedtheproceedsfrom(3)Paymentagainstdocuments,whichmeansthatthebankpurchasesalldocumentsfromthebeneficiaryunderL/Cbusiness.Then,negotiatingbanksendsdocumentstoissuingbankforpayment.However,thebankshoulddeductthediscountinterestfromthefacevalueofthebillofexchange.2.ExportpaymentExportp

Chapter2BusinessContract

Businesscontractreferstoalegalagreementconcludedbetweenthebuyerandtheseller,whichstipulatesboththerightsandobligationsforthesellerandthebuyer.Ininternationaltrade,inordertoavoiddisputes,boththebuyerandthesellerneedtosignaformalbusinesscontractastheblueprintforfulfillmentoftheirowndutiesorobligations.Afteraaceptancofafirmoffer,itisbettertosignabusinesscontractwhichstipulatestherightsandobligationsclearly. Chapter2BusinessContractSection1Thegeneraldescriptionforbusinesscontract

I.Businesscontractistheoutcomeofbusinessnegotiation.

1.OralbusinessnegotiationAccordingtointernationalcustomsandpractice,oralpromisecanconcludebusinessbetweenthebuyerandtheseller.2.WrittenagreementafterlongtimebusinessnegotiationItisawrittenevidenceforconclusionofbusinesssoastobeactedaslegalevidenceincourtwhendisputeoccursduringtheperformanceofbusinesscontract.Section1ThegeneraldescriptII.Businesscontractistheresultofenquiry,offer,counter-offerandacceptance

Therearefourlinksforbusinessnegotiation,suchasenquiry,offer,counter-offerandacceptance.Amongofthem,offerandacceptanceareessentialforconcludingthebusinesscontract.Normally,afteracceptance,eitherthebuyerorthesellerwillmakeoutthewrittensalescontracttostipulatebothparties’rightsandobligations.II.BusinesscontractistherIII.Thecontentsofbusinesscontract

Themaincontentsofbusinesscontractareasfollows:1.Preamble2.thebodyofcontract3.closingIII.ThecontentsofbusinessSection2Themainformatofbusinesscontract

Normally,businesscontractcanconsistoforiginalsandcopies.Eachbusinesscontractshouldbeinduplicate,oneisfortheseller;theotherisforthebuyer.Thebusinesscontractshouldbesignedbybothparties.Section2ThemainformatofbStructure

Preamble:1.Fullnameofeachpartyandtheirnationality,typeoftheentity,principalplacesofbizorresidentialaddress2.ContractNo.,thedateandplaceofsignatureofthecontractAllabovementionedareessentialforcompletenessofabusinesscontract.StructurePreamble:Body1.Technicalconditions,qualitystandard,specificationsandquantitiesofthesubjectmatter2.Timelimit,placeandmethodofperformance3.Termofprice,amountandwayofpayment,andvariousadditionalcharges,type,scopeofthesubjectmatterofthecontract4.Whetherthecontractcouldbeassignedorconditionsforassignment5.Thecompensationandotherliabilitiesforbreachofthecontract6.WaysforsettlementofdisputesBody

EndingItincludeslanguagetobeusedinthecontractandtheireffectiveness.Also,boththebuyerandseller’ssignaturesarenecessary.Sometimes,thecopiesofcontractshouldbementionedhere.EndingItincludeslan

Appendix

Sometimesthepartiestotheint’lcommercialcontractmayconsulttosetoutappendixinthecontract.Inthiscase,itmustbedeclaredthattheappendixistheinseparablepartofthecontractAppendixSometimesthepaClausesofcontractCommoditynameQualityandspecificationsQuantityPackingpriceShippingInsurancePaymentClausesofcontractCommoditynSection3Themainclausesofbusinesscontract

1.Clauseofcommoditynameandspecifications

Itshouldnotethattheclauseofcommoditynameandspecificationsisthemainconditions.Anypartywhobreakit,theinjuredpartywilleithercancelthecontractoraskforcompensation.Normally,theclauseshouldbeclearandcorrect.e.g.S23520cmChristmasbearwithcapsandscarf,asperthesamplesdispatchedbytheselleronAugust20,2005.）Section3ThemainclausesofExample2

SesameseedsMoisture(max.)8%Admixture(max.)6%OilContent(min.)48%(Shouldtheoilcontentofthegoodsactuallyshippedbe1%higherorlower,thepricewillbeaccordinglyincreasedordecreasedby1%)Example2Sesameseeds2.Clauseofcommodityquantity

Theclauseofquantityshouldincludecommodity’squantity,measuringunitandtolerance.Whendoinginternationaltrade,asperthepropertyofcommodity,measuringunitsareweight,piece,length,areaandvolume,etc.Themethodsforcalculationofweightaregrossweight,netweight,conditionedweight,net,netweightandtheoreticalweight.Sincethesellerisverydifficulttomakethedeliveredquantityequallysameasthatofcontract,moreorlessclauseisnecessarytobestipulatedincontract.2.ClauseofcommodityquantityExample:

Chineserice10,000metrictons,5%moreorlessattheseller’soption.orChineserice10,000metrictons,grossfornet,5%moreorlessattheseller’soption.Themoreorlessclauseisimportantsothatthesellerhasmoreflexibilityfordeliveringthecontractedgoods.Example:Chineserice10,0003Clauseofcommoditypacking

Theclauseofcommoditypackingincludespackingmaterials,packingmanners,packingexpensesandshippingmarks.Thisclauseisalsooneofthemainconditionsofbusinesscontract.Theexampleisasfollows:Example1:Packedincartonsof50kilosneteach.Example2:Ininternationalstandardteacartons,10cartonsonapallet,10palletsinaFCLcontainer.Example3:Printedshirtingtobepackedinwoodencasescontaining30piecesof40yardseach.Example4:Tobepackedinpolybags,25poundsinabag,4bagsinasealedwoodencase，

whichislinedwithmetal.Thecostofpackingisforseller’saccount.

3Clauseofcommoditypacking

Exampleofshippingmarks：

Example1:D.D.T.N05-3698NewYorkCartonNos.1-5000Example2：CETLondon

No.1-1000Exampleofshippingmarks：4.Clauseofunitprice

Theclauseofunitpriceusuallyincludesunitpriceandtotalamount.Here,weshouldmemorizethattheINCOTERMSisnecessaryforacompleteunitprice.Example1:USD500permetrictonCIFC3NewYork(orCIFNewYorkincluding3%commission)Example2:USD800percartonFOBShanghai,grossfornet.Example3:

EUD80perpieceCIFHamburgless1%discount.4.ClauseofunitpriceThec5.Clauseofcargotransportation

Theclauseofcargotransportationincludesshipmentdate,shipmentport,portofdestination,partialshipmentandtransshipment,etc.Example1:

Shipmentiseffectedonorbefore/notlaterthan/latestonAugust25,2005.Example2:Shipmenttobemadewithin30daysafterreceiptofL/C.TherelevantL/CmustreachthesellersnotlaterthanJuly30,2005.5.Clauseofcargotransportat6.Insuranceclause

Insuranceclauseisdifferentasperthechangeoftradeterms.1.UndercontractofFOB、CFR,theinsuranceiseffectedbythebuyerInsurancetobecoveredbythebuyers.2.UndercontractofCIForCIP,theinsuranceiseffectedbytheseller.Example1.Insuranceistobecoveredbythesellersfor110%oftheinvoicevalueagainstALLRISKSandWARRISKSasperorsubjecttoOceanMarineCargoClauseofthePeople’sInsuranceCompanyofChinadatedJan.1,1981.6.InsuranceclauseInsuran7.Clauseofpaymentterms

Clauseofpaymenttermsisdifferentasperthedifferentpaymentterms:1.RemittanceWhenremittanceisused,thetime.Mannerandamountofremittanceshouldbestipulatedclearly.Example1:Thebuyershouldpay100%ofthesalesproceedsinadvancebyT/TtoreachthesellernotlaterthanAugust15,2005.Example2:Thebuyershouldpay100%ofthecontractvaluebyT/TuponthereceiptoftheoriginalBillsofLadingsentbytheseller.7.ClauseofpaymenttermsC

2.Collection

Example1:Uponfirstpresentationthebuyershallpayagainstdocumentarydraftdrawnbytheselleratsight.Theshippingdocumentsaretobedeliveredagainstpaymentonly.

Example