Summary-writing概要写作之说明文要点提取课件

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Summarywriting

Howtoabstracttopicsentencesinexposition1SummarywritingAprimaryproblem

insummarywritinghowtoindentifytopicsentencesreading

writingⅠ.ProblemAprimaryproblemhowtoinden2确定目标养成习惯thedefinitionofexposition:(1)

introducearealobject(adictionary,abook…)

实体事物说明

(2)explainanabstractthing(aresearch，aproblem…)

抽象事理说明Step1.Identifythestyle识别文体Ⅱ.Strategies确定养成thedefinitionofexposi3确定目标做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成习惯Step2:Constructthetexxxxxxxxxxtualpatterns

建构篇章模式()()

1.问题—解决模式（problem—solutionpattern）:

提供情景---提出问题---对问题的反应---评价/结果

2.概括—具体模式(general—specificpattern):

概括陈述---具体陈述1--具体陈述2---具体陈述3---具体陈述N---概括陈述

3.

提问—回答模式（question—answerpattern）:

设置一个用提问方式表达的问题---寻求答案Ⅱ.Strategies确定做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成Step2:Const4Topicparagraph（主旨段）:

raiseaproblem/phenomenon/researchresult

Supportingparagraphs（支撑段）:

analyzetheproblem/phenomenon/result

(

concludingparagraph（总结段）:

conclude/suggest/providemeasures)

cause1cause2effectcause…演绎型（deductivetype）(theEnglishthinkingpattern）

Strategies

effect1causeeffect2effect…Topicparagraph（主旨段）:cause5Topicsentenceforapassage:Step3:Ppresupposethepositionsoftopicsentences预设主题句位置Ⅱ.StrategiesTopicsentenceforaparagraph:(1)inthebeginningparagraph;(2)behind“but/however”(1)inthe

beginning/middle/

endofaparagraph(2)behind“but/however”Topicsentenceforapassage:S6确定目标做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成习惯Example1：①Rapidpoliceresponseisseenby

policeofficersandthepublicasofferinggreatbenefits.②Themore

obviousonesaretheabilitiesofpolicetoapplyfirstaidlifesaving

techniquesquickly,andthegreaterpossibilityofarrestingpeoplewhomayhave

participatedinacrime.③Itaidsinidentifyingthosewhowitnessedan

emergencyorcrimeaswellasincollectingevidence.④Thefameof

apolicedepartmenttooisraisedifrapidresponseisconsistentandthispromotesthepreventionofcrime.Ⅱ.StrategiesFindthetopicsentencesinthefollowingparagraphsExample1：①Rapidpoliceresponseisseenby

policeofficersandthepublicasofferinggreatbenefits.②Themore

obviousonesaretheabilitiesofpolicetoapplyfirstaidlifesaving

techniquesquickly,andthegreaterpossibilityofarrestingpeoplewhomayhave

participatedinacrime.③Itaidsinidentifyingthosewhowitnessedan

emergencyorcrimeaswellasincollectingevidence.④Thefameof

apolicedepartmenttooisraisedifrapidresponseisconsistentandthispromotesthepreventionofcrime.确定做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成Example1：Ⅱ.S7确定目标做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成习惯Example2：①Karaoke,whichwasinventedbyaJapanese,isoneofthegreatestwondersofmoderntechnology.②Needlesstosay,Karaokeisagoodwayofrest.③Youcanlearnanewsongeasily.④It’salsoagoodwaytomakeyourfriendshappy.⑤Nearlyeverybodyhasachancetobeasingingstar.⑥However,everythinghastwosides,sodoesKaraoke.⑦It’snoisytoyourneighbors.⑧Besides,ifyousingbadly,theywillfeeluncomfortable.⑨Infact,youaresuretomakeasoundpollution.Ⅱ.StrategiesFindthetopicsentencesinthefollowingparagraphsExample2：①Karaoke,whichwasinventedbyaJapanese,isoneofthegreatestwondersofmoderntechnology.②Needlesstosay,Karaokeisagoodwayofrest.③Youcanlearnanewsongeasily.④It’salsoagoodwaytomakeyourfriendshappy.⑤Nearlyeverybodyhasachancetobeasingingstar.⑥However,everythinghastwosides,sodoesKaraoke.⑦It’snoisytoyourneighbors.⑧Besides,ifyousingbadly,theywillfeeluncomfortable.⑨Infact,youaresuretomakeasoundpollution.确定做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成Example2：Ⅱ.S8确定目标做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成习惯Example1：①AmericansmightbeembarrassedbecausetheirJapanesefriendsaresoformalwiththem.②JapanesemightfeelinsultedbecauseAmericanfriendsgreetthemcasually.③Still,theformsofgreetinginbothcountriesonlyshowrespectforothers.④ItjusthappensthatAmericansandJapanesehaveadifferentwayoflookingathumanrelationshipsandthushaveadifferentwayshowingrespect.Ⅱ.StrategiesFindthetopicsentencesinthefollowingparagraphsExample3：①AmericansmightbeembarrassedbecausetheirJapanesefriendsaresoformalwiththem.②JapanesemightfeelinsultedbecauseAmericanfriendsgreetthemcasually.③Still,theformsofgreetinginbothcountriesonlyshowrespectforothers.④ItjusthappensthatAmericansandJapanesehaveadifferentwayoflookingathumanrelationshipsandthushaveadifferentwayshowingrespect.确定做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成Example1：Ⅱ.S9确定目标做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成习惯Step4.Clarifythelogicusingtransitions

andconfirm

mtopicsentences

利用衔接词，理清句间逻辑，确定主题句并列/递进关系（additiveconjunction）：

also,

moreover,furthermore,meanwhile,additionally…转折关系（adversative）：

but,however,yet,nevertheless,incontrast…因果关系（causalconjunction）：

because,so,thus,therefore,hence,consequence…解释关系（explanation）：

orrather;thatistosay;

whichmeans…

Ⅱ.StrategiesMajorpointsMinorpointsVS确定做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成Step4.Clari1011确定目标做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成习惯Example4：①Deerandelk(麋鹿)populations—majorfoodsources(来源)forthewolf—grewrapidly.②Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被),whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.③Intheabsenceofwolves,coyote(郊狼)populationsalsogrewquickly.④Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers(海狸).Ⅱ.StrategiesFindthetopicsentencesinthefollowingparagraphsExample4①Deerandelk(麋鹿)populations—majorfoodsources(来源)forthewolf—grewrapidly.②Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被),whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.③Intheabsenceofwolves,coyote(郊狼)populationsalsogrewquickly.④Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers(海狸).Summary:withwolves'absence,Deer,elkandcoyotepopulationshavearapidincrease,whichconsequentlydamagetheplantandanimaldiversityinthepark.并列关系11确定做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成Example4：Ⅱ12确定目标做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成习惯Example5：①Youmightthinkthatwhetheryouchooseablueshirtorayellowonetoweartoworkorcollegemakesnodifferencetoyourdayandthosearoundyou.②However,anincreasingnumberofexpertsarguethatthecolorswechooseaffectourmood,ourcareerprospectsandevenourhealth.Ⅱ.StrategiesFindthetopicsentencesinthefollowingparagraphsExample5：①Youmightthinkthatwhetheryouchooseablueshirtorayellowonetoweartoworkorcollegemakesnodifferencetoyourdayandthosearoundyou.②However,anincreasingnumberofexpertsarguethatthecolorswechooseaffectourmood,ourcareerprospectsandevenourhealth.Summary:Incontrasttothelong-heldview,itisproposedthatourclothingcolorimpactsusalotindiverseaspects.转折关系12确定做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成Example5：Ⅱ13确定目标做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成习惯Example6：①Itendtoagreethatyoungchildrencanbenegativelyaffectedbytoomuchtimespentonthecomputereveryday.②Thisispartlybecausesittinginfrontofascreenfortoolongcanbedamagingtoboththeeyesandthephysicalpostureofayoungchild,regardlessofwhattheyareusingthecomputerfor.Ⅱ.StrategiesFindthetopicsentencesinthefollowingparagraphsExample6：①Itendtoagreethatyoungchildrencanbenegativelyaffectedbytoomuchtimespentonthecomputereveryday.②Thisispartlybecausesittinginfrontofascreenfortoolongcanbedamagingtoboththeeyesandthephysicalpostureofayoungchild,regardlessofwhattheyareusingthecomputerfor.Summary:Excessivetimespentonthecomputerbringsbadeffectstoyoungchildren.因果关系13确定做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成Example6：Ⅱ14确定目标做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成习惯Example7：①Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.②Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Ⅱ.StrategiesFindthetopicsentencesinthefollowingparagraphsSummary:Actually,aleafyplantwon’tbeblindtoanyattack.Example7：①Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.②Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.解释关系14确定做SWOT分析制定行动计划养成Example7：ⅡIdentifythestyleclarifythestructurefindthetopicsentencetakeadvantageoftransitionTip1：Deletetherepeated…Tip2：tipsTip3：Tip4：Deletethetoogeneral…clarifythelogicalrelationshipDeleteexamplesDeletetheinformationbehindthedash”Identifythestyleclarify15Groupdiscussion:

Readthepassageandfindoutthekeypoints.Ⅲ.Practice1.①“Aphotographthatonehastakenofoneself,typicallywithasmartphoneorwebcamanduploadedtoasocialmediawebsite”isthedefinitionof“selfie”intheOxfordEnglishDictionary.②Infact,itwasn’teveninthedictionaryuntilAugustoflastyear.③Itearneditsplacetherebecausepeoplearenowsoobsessedwith(对……痴迷)selfies—wetakethemwhenwetryonanewhat,playwithourpetsorwhenwemeetafriendwhomwehaven’tseenforquiteawhile.

Whatphenomenonisraised?1.①“Aphotographthatonehastakenofoneself,typicallywithasmartphoneorwebcamanduploadedtoasocialmediawebsite”isthedefinitionof“selfie”intheOxfordEnglishDictionary.②Infact,itwasn’teveninthedictionaryuntilAugustoflastyear.③Itearneditsplacetherebecausepeoplearenowsoobsessedwith(对……痴迷)selfies—wetakethemwhenwetryonanewhat,playwithourpetsorwhenwemeetafriendwhomwehaven’tseenforquiteawhile.Groupdiscussion:Ⅲ.Practice1.16Ⅲ.Practice2.①Butisthereanyscientificexplanationforthisobsession?②Well,youshouldprobablyaskJamesKilner,aneuroscientist(神经系统科学家)atUniversityCollegeLondon.2.①Butisthereanyscientificexplanationforthisobsession?②Well,youshouldprobablyaskJamesKilner,aneuroscientist(神经系统科学家)atUniversityCollegeLondon.Ⅲ.Practice2.①Butistherea17Ⅲ.Practice3.①Throughourlifetimewebecomeexpertsatrecognizingandinterpretingotherpeople’sfacesandfacialexpressions.②Incontrast,accordingtoKilner,wehaveaverypoorunderstandingofourownfacessincewehavelittleexperienceoflookingatthem—wejustfeelthemmostofthetime.3.①Throughourlifetimewebecomeexpertsatrecognizingandinterpretingotherpeople’sfacesandfacialexpressions.②Incontrast,accordingtoKilner,wehaveaverypoorunderstandingofourownfacessincewehavelittleexperienceoflookingatthem—wejustfeelthemmostofthetime.4.①Thishasbeenprovedinpreviousstudies,accordingtotheBBC.5.①Kilnerfoundthatmostpeoplechosethemoreattractivepicture.②Thissuggeststhatwetendtothinkofourselvesasbetter-lookingthanweactuallyare.③Tofurthertesthowweactuallyperceiveourownfaces,Kilnercarriedoutanotherstudy.④Heshowedpeopledifferentversionsoftheirownportrait—theoriginal,onethathadbeeneditedtolooklessattractiveandonethatwasmademoreattractive—andaskedthemtopicktheversionwhichtheythoughtlookedmostlikethem.⑤Theychosethemoreattractiveversion.4.①Thishasbeenprovedinpreviousstudies,accordingtotheBBC.5.①Kilnerfoundthatmostpeoplechosethemoreattractivepicture.②Thissuggeststhatwetendtothinkofourselvesasbetter-lookingthanweactuallyare.③Tofurthertesthowweactuallyperceiveourownfaces,Kilnercarriedoutanotherstudy.④Heshowedpeopledifferentversionsoftheirownportrait—theoriginal,onethathadbeeneditedtolooklessattractiveandonethatwasmademoreattractive—andaskedthemtopicktheversionwhichtheythoughtlookedmostlikethem.⑤Theychosethemoreattractiveversion.Ⅲ.Practice3.①Throughourlif18Ⅲ.Practice6.①Selfiesgiveusthepowertocreateaphotograph—bytakingitfromvariousangles,withdifferentposes,usingfilters(滤色镜)andsoon—thatbettermatchesourexpectationswithouractualfaces.7.①“Yousuddenlyhavecontrolinawaythatyoudon’thaveinnon-virtual(非虚拟的)interactions,”KilnertoldtheCanada-basedCTVNews.②Selfiesallowyou“tokeeptakingpicturesuntilyoumanagetotakeoneyou’rehappywith”,heexplained.6.①Selfiesgiveusthepowertocreateaphotograph—bytakingitfromvariousangles,withdifferentposes,usingfilters(滤色镜)andsoon—thatbettermatchesourexpectationswithouractualfaces.7.①“Yousuddenlyhavecontrolinawaythatyoudon’thaveinnon-virtual(非虚拟的)interactions,”KilnertoldtheCanada-basedCTVNews.②Selfiesallowyou“tokeepta