新视野大学英语读写教程27单元课件

BookTwoNewHorizonCollegeEnglishUnitSeven精品

LightenYourLoadandSaveYourLifeSectionA精品IV.FunTime

JazzMusicAPoem—ThinkItOver精品Nowwehavemorepossessions,morefunandmoreexcitementthanweusedto.Butdowereallyenjoyhappiness?Listentothepoemandthinkitover.

精品ThinkItOver…Todaywehavehigherbuildingsandwiderhighways,butshortertemperamentsandnarrowerpointsofview;Wespendmore,butenjoyless;Wehavebiggerhouses,butsmallerfamilies;Wehavemorecompromises,butlesstime;Wehavemoreknowledge,butlessjudgment;精品Wehavemoremedicines,butlesshealth;Wehavemultipliedourpossessions,butreducedourvalues;Wetalkmuch,weloveonlyalittle,andwehatetoomuch;WereachedtheMoonandcameback,butwefoundittroublesometocrossourownstreetandmeetourneighbors;精品Wehaveconqueredtheouterspace,butnotourinnerspace;Wehavehigherincome,butlessmorals;Thesearetimeswithmoreliberty,butlessjoy;Wehavemuchmorefood,butlessnutrition;Thesearethedaysinwhichittakestwosalariesforeachhome,butdivorcesincrease;Thesearetimesoffinerhouses,butmorebrokenhomes;That’swhyIpropose,thatasoftoday:精品Youdonotkeepanythingforaspecialoccasionbecauseeverydaythatyouliveisaspecialoccasion;Searchforknowledge,readmore,sitonyourfrontporchandadmiretheviewwithoutpayingattentiontoyourneeds;Spendmoretimewithyourfamilyandfriends,eatyourfavoritefoods,visittheplacesyoulove;精品Lifeisachainofmomentsofenjoyment;notonlyaboutsurvival;Useyourcrystalgoblets.Donotsaveyourbestperfume,anduseiteverytimeyoufeelyouwantit.Removeyourvocabularyphraseslike“oneofthesedays”or“someday”;Let’swritethatletterwethoughtofwriting“oneofthesedays”!精品Let’stellourfamiliesandfriendshowmuchwelovethem;Donotdelayanythingthataddslaughterandjoytoyourlife;Everyday,everyhour,andeveryminuteisspecial;Andyoudon’tknowifitwillbeyourlast.TheEnd精品

PictureShowPictureShowPictureShowLet’sTalkaboutStressTalkaboutStressATestLeadinquestionsHowtoLightenStress精品I.PictureShow

Findoutwhatthesepeoplesufferfrom.Whatcausestheirsuffering?精品Tipsfortalk

（右击鼠标播放）精品Sufferings:worry,depression,frustration,fury,disappointment,distress,anxiety,irritation,annoyance,confusion,uneasiness,unrest,…2.Causes:jobstress,lifestress,studystress…Stressiscausedbyfear,uncertainty,doubtandlackofcontrol.Angermaybetherootofthisstress,especiallyforhard-workingprofessionalwomenandpeoplewithnogoalsinlife.TipsforTalk精品1.Whatareyourpressureinthepastandatthepresent?2.Pleasegiveatleasttwowaysofcopingwithpressure.3.Areyouapersonwhoworkstoliveorapersonwholivestowork?Why?

DiscussionQuestions:精品III.ARolePlayPointstocover:Exchangeofgreetings.Necessaryinquiryaboutthepatient’slifestyle,

job,presentengagement…Harmfuleffectsofgettingstressed.Howtomanagestresseffectively.Howtoopenyourconversation?Thinkofaconversationbetweenadoctorandapatient.Useasmanyexpressionsandideasfromthetextasyoucan.Supposeyouareapsychologicaldoctor,apatientsufferingfromdepressionconsultsyou.

精品II.ATest—HowMuchStressAreYouExperiencinginYourLifeRightNow?

1=stronglydisagree2=moderatelydisagree3=moderatelyagree4=stronglyagree(choosinganumberfrom1－4forthefollowing10statements.Thehigherthescore,themorestressedyouare.)Atest精品1.Ioftenfeeldisorganized.__2.Iamoftenlateforappointments.__3.Iget4ormorecoldsayear.__4.Igetheadachestwiceaweek.__5.Ihavenoideawhattodoandhowinthenearfuture.__6.Ilosemytempereasily.__7.Isufferfrominsomnia(失眠症).__8.Mylifefeelsoutofcontrol.__9.Ioftendrinkanalcoholicbeverageorsmoketocalmmedownafterstudy.__10.Iamtoobusytoexerciseonaregularbasis.__TotalScore:_____精品Makealistofthestress,stressorsandstresssymptomsyoueverexperienced.

StressorsStressStressSymptoms(whathappened)(howyoufeltatthattime)(howyoufeltlater)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Asample精品Stressors

StressStressSymptoms(whathappened)(howyoufeltatthattime)(howyoufeltlater)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________poorrelationsbadnewsworrycaughtacoldheartburnfrustrationrejecteddepressionapathetic精品III.HowtoLightenStress?Possibleways:___________________________________.___________________________________.___________________________________.___________________________________.…RelaxtoreduceanxietyorfearTrynew,interesting,challengingexperiencesLearntogowiththeproblemsofnocontrolLookyourbesttoincreaseyourself-confidence精品You’lllearnmoreabouthowtolightenyourloadandsaveyourlife.

Welcometothetext!精品

ARolePlay

MakeListsofMajorPoints

WriteaSummary精品I.MakeListsofMajorPoints1.WhoisDr.RobertS.Eliot?____________________.__________________________.AuthorofanewbookAclinicalprofessorofmedicine精品2.WhatdoesEliotsayinhisbook?Youmaybehurtingyourheartif___________________________.b.Youneedtolearntotakechargeofyourlifeif___________________________.Beingtensemaycause______________________________________________for“hotreactors”.d.Stressedpeoplehave______________________.feelingangryandoverwhelmednotwantingtobreakyourheart

tremendousandrapidincreasesintheirbloodpressurehighercholesterollevels精品3.Whatcausesstress?_________________________________._______.FUDfactorstogetherwithlackofcontrolAnger精品4.Theangeriscomingfrom_________________________________._________________.afeelingthateverythingmustbeperfectnothavingcompass精品5.Howtodealwithstress?_____________________.b.__________________________________.__________________.WritedownsixthingslikeBenFranklinLearnhowtoflowTryingNICEfactors精品Effectsofstress(Para.1－6)Causesofstress(Para.7－12)3.Solutionstostress(Para.13－20)II.WriteaSummary精品

Youshouldlearntotakechargeofyourlifeandrecognizemanythingsare_________yourcontrol.Beingtensemaycausetremendousandrapid__________inbloodpressure.Alarmorstresschemicalscanliterally______heartmusclefibers.Themainfactorscausingstressare____________anddoubt,togetherwiththe______________.Forsomepeople,angeristhe______oftheirstress.TheNICEfactors—new,interesting,__________experiences—arerecommendedinordertocalmyoudown.LikeBenFranklin,youhavetosetyour_________.Tofacealltheproblemsyouhavelittlecontrolover,youhavetolearn___________.beyondincreasesburstfear,uncertaintylackofcontrolrootchallengingprioritieshowtoflow精品Thispassagecanalsobeanalyzedfromtheperspectiveoftheproblem-solutionpattern,whichcanbedescribedinthefollowingchart.Problem:

Stressmaybeharmfultohealth.(Para.1)Analysis1:Physiologicalharmstresscauses(Paras.4-5)1)Beingtensemaycauseincreasesinbloodpressure.2)Stressedpeoplehavehighercholesterollevels.3)Excessstresschemicalsmayburstheartmusclefibers.4)Excessstressmaycausecrazyheartrhythms.精品Analysis2:Exampleofastressfulperson.(Para.6)Analysis3:Mainfactorscausingstress—FUDfactors.(Para.7)Analysis4:Therootofstress:Anger.Why?(Paras.8-11)1)Feelingthateverythingmustbeperfect.2)Havingnocompassinlife.精品Solution1:(Paras.12-18)Takingchargeofyourlife.1)writedownthe6mostimportantthingsinyourlife.2)putthemonanotecardandlookatitwhenyouneedto.3)changetheprioritieswhennecessary.Solution2:(Paras.18-20)Trytorealizetherearethingsbeyondourcontrolandlearntoflowratherthanfightorflee.精品MajorwritingtechniquesQuotationCauseandeffectExemplificationStructureofthePassage——MajorWritingTechniques精品QuotationBasedonthestudyofDr.RobertS.EliotofNebraskaUniversity,thispassageanalyzestheharmofstressinlife,thecauseforitandthewaytosolveitthroughalistofquotationsfromhisstudy.Typicalsentences:1)Eliotsaystherearepeopleinthisworldwhomhecalls“hotreactors”.(Para.4)continue精品4)“Othersareangrybecausetheyhavenocompassinlife.Andtheygivethesameemphasistoatrafficjamthattheygiveafamilyargument,”hesays.“Ifyouownangerformorethanfiveminutes－ifyoustirinyourownjuicewithnosafetyoutlet－youhavetofindoutwhereit’scomingfrom.”(Para.10)“Whathappensisthatthehotterpeopleget,physiologically,withmentalstress,themorelikelytheyaretoblowapartwithsomeheartproblem.”

(Para.11)5)SeeParas.13-20.精品Exemplification1)Eliot,64,sufferedaheartattackatage44.Heattributessomeofthecausetostress.Foryearshewasa“hotreactor”.Ontheexterior,hewascool,calmandcollected,butontheinterior,stresswaskillinghim.He’snowdoingverywell.(Para.6)2)BenFranklindiditatage32.“Hewrotethingslikebeingabetterfather,beingabetterhusband,beingfinanciallyindependent,beingstimulatedintellectuallyandremainingeven-tempered—hewasn’tgoodatthat.”(Para.15)精品CauseandeffectInthereadingpassagethewriterdealswiththeharmfuleffectsofstress.Inparagraph5,wefindtheshockingeffectofstressisdeath,however,thewriterdoesnotjumptotheconclusionabruptly.Instead,thewriterpresentsaprogressiveprocessofaseriesofcausesandeffects,whichmakestheargumentmoreconvincing.Lookatparagraph5asanexample:精品Theargument:stressleadstodeath.CauseandEffect1:Cause:stressedpeople—peoplewhohavestressEffect:Theyhavehighercholesterol,amongotherillnesses.CauseandEffect2:Cause:excessalarmorstresschemicalsEffect:Theycanliterallyburstheartmusclefibers.continue精品CauseandEffect3:Cause:Yourheartmusclefibersareharmed.Effect:Itcreatesmanyshortcircuits,andthatcausesheartrhythms.Theheartbeatslikeabagofwormsinsteadofapump.

CauseandEffect4:Cause:Yousufferfromcrazyheartrhythms.Effect:Wecan’tlive.精品AnalysisParaphraseTranslation精品WordUsingChinesetoEnglishWordFormationGuessGame精品Thewholenationwasoverwhelmedwithexcitementbecauseofitsvictoryinbiddingforhostingthe2008OlympicGames.Hewasoverwhelmedwithgriefatthenewsofhisson’sdeathinanaccident.听到儿子在事故中丧生的消息,他悲痛欲绝。

Theywereoverwhelmedbytheenemy.他们被敌军击败了。overwhelmvt.

(L1)1)(offeelings)make(sb.)completelyhelpless,usu.suddenly2)defeat

由于申办2008年奥运会成功，整个国家沉浸在兴奋激动之中。

警察抓住抢劫者的胳膊制服了他。FOREXAMPLE:Thepolicemanoverwhelmedtherobberbyholdinghisarm.Nowyoutry:精品Ifyouoftenfeelangryandover-whelmed,likethestressinyourlifeisspinningoutofcontrol,thenyoumaybehurtingyourheart.(L1)

asifII.ParaphraseIfyouareoftenangryandverystronglyaffectedbynegativefeelings,asifthestressisquicklygoingoutofcontrol,thenitispossiblethatyouaredoingharmtoyourheart.精品SosaysDr.RobertS.Eliot,authorofanewbooktitledFromStresstoStrength.(L.5)1.object/predictive+does/is+subjectExpressions&Patterns—PatternsInvertedorderistokeepthesentenceinbalanceandalsotoachieveend-focusandend-weight.

Thosewhoachievedsuccessafterlongandhardworkarehappyindeed.Happyindeedarethosewhoachievedsuccessafterlongandhardwork.

Comparethefollowingpairofsentences:精品更为重要的问题是：孩子们应该受到与他们年龄相当的教育。TranslationMoreimportantistheissuethatthekidsshouldreceiveeducationsuitabletotheirage._______________;wemusttakeimmediateactiontostopthem.情况就是这样，我们必须立即采取措施阻止他们。Suchisthecase精品1.excess

(L11)

a.

additionalandnotwanted

e.g.Thefatmanwentonadiettogetridofhisexcessweight.辨析

excessive—a.toogreatinamountorindegreeI.WordUsing精品1.excess

n.anamountthatismorethanenough

TranslationLuggageinexcessof100kgwillbechargedextra.形近词accessn.enteringorapproaching,wayinexcelv.beverygoodatsth.exceedv.begreaterthan,gobeyondKey

超过一百公斤的行李要额外收费。精品2.Whenthathappensithappensveryquickly,withinfiveminutes.(L12)Whentoogreatamountsofchemicalsareproducedbytoomuchanxietyortension,theheartmusclefiberswillbedamagedquickly,withinonlyfiveminutes.excessalarmorstresschemicalsburstingheartmusclefibers精品2.attribute…to…

(L16)

v.

①causedorproducedbysb./sth.Translation他们把成功归因于老师的鼓励。专家把今冬频繁的沙尘暴归因于水土流失和过度伐木。Key

Theyattributedtheirsuccesstotheirteacher’sencouragement.Expertsattributedthefrequentsandstormsthiswintertoerosionanddeforestation.精品2.attribute

v.

②regardsth.asbelongingtoe.g.ThiscomedyhasbeenattributedtoShakespeare.

形近词contributev.捐赠，贡献distributev.分发，分配精品3.exterior

(L17)

n.

theappearanceoroutsidesurfaceofsth.Translation你不能以貌取人。反义词Morewordswith“-ior”?interior,prior,superior,inferior,junior,seniorKeyYoumustnotjudgepeoplebytheirexteriors.精品Ontheexterior,hewascool,calmandcollected,butontheinterior,stresswaskillinghim.(L.17)表面上看，公司运营不错，但是实际上已经陷入困境。

，thecompanyrunssmoothly,but,ithasrunintodifficulties.表面上看这所房子很不起眼，但内部却很现代化。Ontheexterior,thehouseisveryunattractivebutontheinterior,itisquitemodern.

3.ontheexterior…ontheinteriorTranslation

Ontheexterior

ontheinterior

精品ManynationssenddelegatestotheUnitedStates.许多国家向联合国派驻代表。Hedelegatedhisresponsibilitiestoanassistant.他委托一名助手代施其责。

delegatev.(L30)

n.give(partofone’srights,etc.)tosb.elseforacertaintime

sb.whohasbeenelectedorchosentospeakforagroup

你不能什么事都一个人做，你得学会委托权限。FOREXAMPLE:Youcan’tdoallthejobsyourself—youmustlearntodelegate.

Nowyoutry:精品5.

生活没有目标活学活用havenocompassinlife(L.32)生活没有目标的人是不可能成功的。Itisimpossibleforsomeonewhohasnocompassinlifetoachievesuccess.精品我们应该像重视工作一样重视休闲。Weshould________________________leisureactivitiesthatwegivework.

Andtheygivethesameemphasistoatrafficjamthattheygiveafamilyargument.(L.32)

givethesameemphasisto4.givethesameemphasisto…thatTranslation我们应该像重视智力一样重视勤奋。Weshouldgivethesameemphasistodiligencethatwegiveintelligence.“That”inthesentencepatternactuallyintroducesanattributiveclausedefining“thesameemphasis”.精品“…theyhavenocompassinlife.Andtheygivethesameemphasistoatrafficjamthattheygiveafamilyargument,”…(L32)

Meaning:Thesepeoplehavenowaytoknowtherightdirectiontheyshouldfollowinlife.Andtheygetequallyangryaboutatrafficjamandaboutafamilyquarrel.

“Compass”referstoadeviceusedtofinddirection.Inthissentence“compass”isusedinitsfigurativesense.精品1.Ifyouownangerformorethanfiveminutes—ifyoustirinyourownjuicewithnosafetyoutlet—youhavetofindoutwhereit’scomingfrom.(L33)如果你生气超过5分钟—如果生闷气，没有安全的发泄渠道的话—必须弄清你生气源自何处。III.Translation精品

4.stir

(L34)

v.

①moveinaroundmotion;②moveslightly;③makeactive,excitee.g.Useaspoontostir.Notabreathofairstirred.Thestorystirredtheboy’simagination.精品

4.stir

n.

①actionofstirring;②greatexcitement,shockorangeramongpeoplee.g.Givethesoupastir.ThenewsoftheterroristattacksinNewYorkcausedquiteastirinthewholeworld.Translation禽流感在一些国家引起恐慌。Key

Birdfluhascausedastirinsomecountries.精品6.受煎熬活学活用stirinone’sownjuice(L.34)

他为自己的过失而受煎熬。Hestirredinhisownjuicebecauseofthemistakehemade.精品7.爆炸活学活用blowapart(L.37)他是如此生气以至于他觉得自己都要爆炸了。Hewassoangrythathefelthewasgoingtoblowapart.精品2.“Youhavetodecidewhatpartsofyourlifeyoucancontrol,”hesays.“Stopwhereyouareonyourtrailandsay,‘I’mgoingtogetmycompassoutandfindoutwhatIneedtodo.’”

(L43)“你必须确定你能控制自己生活中的哪些部分，”他说。“在你的人生道路上停下来，对自己说：‘我要把指南针拿出来，弄明白自己需要做什么。’”精品8.在······路上活学活用beonone’strail(L.44)

在人生的路上行走时不要忘记时不时停下来看看风景。Remembertoenjoyfromtimetotimetheviewalongwhenyouarewalkingonyourtrailoflife.精品even/mild/sweethot/quick/shortmoodygoodbad/ill-tempered性情平和/温和/温柔的脾气急噪的喜怒无常的好脾气的坏脾气的

6.-tempered

(L48)

a.havingthespecifiedtypeoftemperCollocation

精品Otherphrases7.cutdown

(L49)

reduce,makelessinnumberoramountTranslation如果不能完全戒烟，至少要少抽点。KeyIfyoucan’tgiveupsmokingcompletely,atleasttrytocutdown.精品Whatareyourprioritiesinthismatter?在这件事中你优先考虑的是什么？

Herfirstpriorityisfinishingcollege.

她的首要任务是读完大学。

priorityn.

1)[C]sth.thatneedsattention,consideration,service,etc.beforeothers

2)[U]thestateorrightofcomingbeforeothersinpositionortime

我们的订票制度是优先照顾俱乐部的成员。FOREXAMPLE:Wehaveaprioritybookingsystemformembersoftheclub.

Nowyoutry:精品10.确定优先权活学活用setone’spriorities(L.49)首先我们最好先确定我们这一学期优先要做的事。Firstwe’dbettersetourprioritiesofthissemester.精品11.记住活学活用keepsth.inmind(L.54)记住好心情、有规律锻炼和恰当饮食对身体有好处。Pleasekeepinmindthatagoodmood,regularexercisesandaproperdietwillcontributetogoodhealth.精品3.…“realizethatthereareothertroublesomepartsofyourlifeoverwhichyoucanhavelittleornocontrol—liketheeconomyandpoliticians”.

(L56)…gettoknowthattherearesomeotheraspectsinyourlifethatcausepainwhileyoucanhardlydoanythingtowardsit,suchastheeconomyandpoliticians.suchas精品1.

beoutofcontrolExpressions2. attributeto3.togetherwith4.blowone’stop5.havenocompassinlife6.stirinone’sownjuice7.blowapart8.beonone’strail9.cutdown10.setone’spriorities11.keepsth.inmind精品1.

object/predictive+does/is+subjectPatterns2.amongotherthings3.ontheexterior…ontheinterior4.give

thesameemphasisto…that…5.thekeyto…isto精品FurtherDiscussionExercisestoPassageASummaryoftheTextAfter-readingActivities精品Summarizethepassageusingthetipsbelow.

After-readingActivities——

SummaryoftheText1.frequentangerandoverwhelmingstress2.takechargeofyourlife3.tremendousandrapidincreasesintheirbloodpressure4.crazyheartrhythms5.FUDfactors—fear,uncertaintyanddoubt6.therootoftheirstress7.afeelingthateverythingmustbeperfect8.alackofcompassinlife9.theNICEfactors—new,interesting,challengingexperiences10.setyourprioritiesinyourlife11.flowratherthanfightorflee精品Summary

Frequentangerandoverwhelmingstressmaybeharmfultoyourhealth.Tosolvethisproblem,youhavetolearntotakechargeofyourlifeandrecognizetherearemanythingsbeyondyourcontrol.Forthosewhoare“hotreactors”,beingtensemaycausetremendousandrapidincreasesintheirbloodpressure.Researchershavealsofoundthatexcessalarmorstresschemicalscanliterallyburstheartmusclefibers,causingcrazyheartrhythms.精品SummaryThemainpredictorsofdestructivelevelsofstressaretheFUDfactors—fear,uncertaintyanddoubt—togetherwithperceivedlackofcontrol.Formanypeople,therootoftheirstressisanger,whicheithercomesfromafeelingthateverythingmustbeperfect(especiallyprofessionalwomen)oriscausedbyalackofcompassinlife.

TheNICEfactors—new,interesting,challeng-ingexperiences—arerecommendedtocalmyourselfdown.Youhavetosetyourprioritiesinyourlifeandchangethemifnecessary.Inordertofacealltheproblemsbeyondyourcontrol,youhavetolearnhowtoflowratherthanfightorflee.精品1.Workingroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestionswithyourgroup,usingasmanywordsandexpressionsyoulearnedfromthetextaspossible.1)Whatdoyouneedtodoinordertoavoidbreakingyourownheart?2)Formanypeople,whatistherootoftheirstress?3)Howcanyoutakechargeofyourlife?4)Howcanyoudecidewhatpartsofyourlifeyoucancontrol?After-readingActivities—FurtherDiscussion精品MatchingGamecutbackcutoffcutdowncutawaycutoutcutacrosstakeashortcutacrossomitstopwhileinconversationremoveorshapingbycuttingreducethelengthofsth.returnquicklyPracticeFCEDAB精品He________throughthewoodstowherehehadbeenstandingbefore.You’dbetter_________thelastparagraphofyourarticleinordertomakeitshort.Theoperator____me____beforeIhadachancetotalktohim.Wemayaswell__________theplayground.Wehavekepthimwaitingforhalfanhour.Fillintheblankswith“cut”phrasescutbackcutoutcutoffcutacross精品好争吵的成为负担的烦人的孤单的More?

8.troublesome

(L57)

a.

causingtrouble/anxiety/painWordFormationn.+some=a.likingto/causingorproducinge.g.quarrelsomeburdensometiresomelonesome精品

II.ChinesetoEnglish学会把握自己的生活你必须学会随波逐流44岁时患心脏病使自己心平气和的一个步骤将病因归于压力找出愤怒的来源认识到许多事情是身不由己onesteptocalmingdownrecognizetherearemanythingsbeyondyourcontrolsufferaheartattackatage44attributethecauseofthediseasetostressfindoutwheretheangeriscomingfromyouhavetolearnhowtoflowlearntotakechargeofyourlife精品III.WordFormationv.n.a.attributestimulate

destructivepriorityattributionattributivestimulusstimulatingdestroydestructionprior精品IV.GuessGameOnedescribesthewordshowedonthescreeninChinese，theothertriestoguessitwithoutlookingatit.Ifyouareright,bothofyougetamark.Ready?PairWork精品迅速地旋转Hint:moveroundand

roundquickly,

beginningwith‘s’spin精品

搅拌，搅和stir精品额外的，附加的excess精品独立的，自主的independent精品财政的，金融的financial精品激励，激发stimulate精品逃跑，逃逸flee精品推荐，劝告recommend精品

ListYour

“SixThings”

inYourLife精品

BenFranklinwrotedownsixthingsinhislifethathewantedtoachievemost.Thenwhatareyour“sixthings”?Decidewhatthingsyoucan/can’tcontrol.Whatwillyoudowiththeout-of-controlproblems?(BenFranklin)MoreAboutBenFranklin精品CauseandEffectWriting精品

Whenyouexplaininwritingthereasonswhysomethinghappens,youarehavingacauseandeffectwriting.Readthefollowingpassageandtellthecauseandeffect.精品SampleDoyouknowwhywinteriscolderthansummer?Onereasonisthattherearefewerhoursofsunlightinwinter.Butthereisanotherreason.Wintersunlightiscooler.Itisthesamesun,anditshinesjustasbrightasinthesummertime,andyettheearthgetslessheatfromit.(结果)(先果后因，多因一果)(原因1)(原因2)精品WritingTaskFindamodel(outsidethetextbook):a.Lookforatypicalparagraphofcauseandeffect.b.Putitdown.c.Exchangeyourswithotherclassmatesinclass.(Source:booksavailable/online)精品Awaytodevelopaparagraph:causeandeffectWritingWriting精品INTRODUCTION

Inourdailyconversation,questionswithwhyareoftenaskedandanswered.Thisshowsthatcausalanalysisisverycommon.Similarly,itisalsofrequentlyusedinwriting.Paragraphs8－10ofsectionAisanexampleofthismethod.精品Topic:Reason1:Reason2:Whereistheangercomingfrom?Angercomesfromafeelingthateverythingmustbeperfect.Othersareangrybecausetheyhavenocompassinlife.FordetailsFordetails精品Therearetwobasicwaysoforganizingparagraphsofcause-effectframework.effectcauseThismaybeginwiththeeffectsandmovetowardtheexaminationofcauses.Thismaypresentthecausesfirstandmovetowardtheeffects.causeeffect精品effectcauseInthepastfewyears,highereducationhasbecomelessimportanttoyoungpeoplethanitwaspreviously.

thepressureoffiercecompetitionbetteropportunitiesinthejobmarketmuchoftheknowledgetaughtinuniversitiesandcollegesbeingout-datedExampletopicsentence(effect)supportingdetails(causes)精品causeeffectExampletopicsentence(cause)supportingdetails(effect)moreandmorefertilelandinChinaistakenupbynewbuildings

thereductionofthegrainoutputincreasingenvironmentalproblemstoomanypeasantsmovingintothecities精品Commonlyusedwordsandexpressionsforeffect:Theeffectisevident/obvious…Itwillexertaprofoundinfluence…Itmaycauseasweepingchange…Itleavessomeseriousconsequences…Itmaygiverisetoahostofproblems…Theimmediateresultitproducesis...精品英译汉时，有时会遇到某些词在英语词典上找不到适当的词义，如果任意硬套或逐词死译，会使译文生硬晦涩，不能确切表达意愿，甚至造成误解。这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的根本含义出发，进一步加以引申，选择比较恰当的汉语来表达。TranslationIntroduction精品将词义作抽象化的引申将表示具体形象的词语译成该形象所代表的属性的词。e.g.Everylifehasits

roses

andthorns..每个人的生活都有甜有苦。Thereisamixtureofthe

tiger

andthe

ape

inhisnature.他的本性既残暴又狡猾。精品将带有特征性形象词语译成该形象所代表的概念的词语。e.g.

Seesawing

betweenpartlygoodandfaintlyominous,thenewsforthenextfourweekswasneverdistinct.在那以后的四个星期内，消息时而部分有所好转，时而又有点不妙，两种情况交替不断地出现，一直没有明朗化。精品e.g.We