2015职称英语考前冲刺第15讲

Itbaystobesmart,butwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeatalentedmusician,butyoumightnotbeagoodreader.Eachofusisdifferent.Psychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisinligenceandwhataretalentsor abilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsoninligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralinligence.Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentinligences.SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofinligencethatcanbemeasuredwithIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwords,numbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptests,andwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetest,dothesameonallStudiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralinligence.Thebrainofinligencepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhigherinligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchersconcludethatdifferencesininligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain.HowardGardner,apsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducation,hasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn’tbetestedbyoneinligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralinligenceexists,hedoesn’tthinkitlsmuchaboutthetalentsofa outsideofformalschooling.Hethinkthatthehumanmindhasdifferentinligences.Theseinligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseinligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourinligences.Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.Forexample,whenonepartoftheBrainisinjured,otherpartsofthebrainstillwork.PeoplewhocannottalkbecauseofBraindamagecanstillsing.So,thereisnotjustoneinligencetolose.GardnerhasIdentified8differentkindsofinligence;linguistic,mathematical,spatial,musical, al,intra al,body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),andnaturalistic.WhatisthemainideaofthisTheimportanceof Thedevelopmentof ligenceHowtounderstand Howtoe Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerninggeneral ngwellononetypeof ligencetestdowellonotherMost ligentpeopledowellonsome ligence ligentpeopledonotdowellongroup ligentpeopledobetteronwrittenteststhanonoralGardnerbelieves allchildrenarechildrenshouldtakeone ligencethereisnogeneral childrenhavedifferent trainstudentswhodopoorlyon focusonfindingthemost ligentGardnerthinksthathistheoryhasa Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?Theimportanceofin Thedevelopmentofin Howtounderstandin Howtoe Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerninggeneralin ngwellononetypeof ligencetestdowellonothertests.Most ligentpeopledowellonsome ligencetests.×C. ligentpeopledonotdowellongroup×D. ligentpeopledobetteronwrittenteststhanonoral(第三段)SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofinligencethatcanbemeasuredwithIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwords,numbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptests,andwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetest,dothesameonalltests.(第四段)Studiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralinligence.Thebrainofinligencepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhigherinligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchersconcludethatdifferencesininligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain.Gardnerbelievesthat ×A.allchildrenarealike.×B.childrenshouldtakeone ligence×C.thereisnogeneral D.childrenhavedifferent (第五段)HowardGardner,apsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducation,hasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn’tbetestedbyoneinligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralinligenceexists,hedoesn’tthinkitlsmuchaboutthetalentsofa outsideofformalschooling.Hethinkthatthehumanmindhasdifferentinligences.Theseinligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseinligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourinligences.AccordingtoGardner,schoolsshould teststudents’trainstudentswhodopoorlyonpromotedevelopmentofall ligences.focusonfindingthemost ligentstudents.(第五段)HowardGardner,apsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducation,hasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn’tbetestedbyoneinligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralinligenceexists,hedoesn’tthinkitlsmuchaboutthetalentsofa outsideofformalschooling.Hethinkthatthehumanmindhasdifferentinligences.Theseinligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseinligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourinligences.Gardnerthinksthathistheoryhasa (最后一段)Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.Forexample,whenonepartoftheBrainisinjured,otherpartsofthebrainstillwork.PeoplewhocannottalkbecauseofBraindamagecanstillsing.So,thereisnotjustonein ligencetolose.GardnerhasIdentified8differentkindsofin ligence;linguistic,mathematical,spatial,musical,Inter al,intra al,body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),andC,A,D,C,Post-menopausal( )womenwhowalkforanhouradaycancuttheirchanceofbreastcancersignificantly,astudyhassuggested.Thereport,whichfollowed73,000womenfor17years,foundwalkingforatleastsevenhoursaweekloweredtheriskofthedisease.TheAmericanCancerSocietyteamsaidthiswasthefirsttimereducedriskwasspecificallylinkedtowalking.UKexpertssaiditwasmoreevidencethatlifestyleinfluencedcancerrisk.ArecentpollforthecharityRamblersaquarterofadultswalkfornomorethananhouraweek,butbeingactiveisknowntoreducetheriskofanumberofcancers.Thisstudy,publishedinCancerEpidemiology,Biomarkers&Prevention,followed73,615womenoutof97,785aged50-74whohadbeenrecruitedbytheAmericanCancerSocietybetween1992and1993,soitcouldmonitortheincidenceofcancerintheTheywereaskedtocompletequestionnairesontheirhealthandonhowmuchtimetheywereactiveandparticipatinginactivitiessuchaswalking,swimmingandaerobics(有氧运动)andhowmuchtimetheyspentsittingwatchingevisionorreading.Theycompletedthesamequestionnairesattwo-yearintervalsbetween1997and2009.Ofthewomen,47%saidwalkingwastheironlyrecreationalactivity.Thosewhowalkedforatleastsevenhoursperweekhada14%lowerriskofbreastcancercomparedtothosewhowalkedthreeorfewerhoursperweek.Dr.AlpaPa,aseniorepidemiologistattheAmericanCancerSocietyinAtlanta,Georgia,wholedthestudy,said:“Giventhatmorethan60%ofwomenreportsomedailywalking,promotingwalkingasahealthyleisure-timeactivitycouldbeaneffectivestrategyforincreasingphysicalactivityamongstpost-menopausalwomen.Wewerepleasedtofindthatwithoutanyotherrecreationalactivity,justwalkingonehouradaywasassociatedwithalowerriskofbreastcancerinthesewomen.Morestrenuous(紧张的)andlongeractivitiesloweredtheriskevenmore.”BaronessDelythMorgan,chiefexecutiveofBreastCancer n,said:“Thisstudyaddsfurtherevidencethatourlifestylechoicescanyapartininfluencingtheriskofbreastcancerandevensmallchangesincorporateintoournormalday-to-dayactivitycanmakeadifference.”Sheadded:“Weknowthatthebestweapontoingbreastcanceristheabilitytostopitoccurringinthefirstce.Thechallengenowishowweturnthesefindingsintoactionandidentifyothersustainablelifestylechangesthatwillhelpuspreventbreastcancer.”AllofthefollowingfactorsrelatingtocancerriskwerementionedinthepassageEXCEPT regularrecreationallifestylebreathingItcanbeinferredfromDr.AlpaPa’sstudythat womenhavefewerchancesofphysicaldailywalkingcouldcutthechanceofbreastleisure-timeactivityisnotassociatedwithcancerwalkingisnotmendedforwomenwithbreastDr.AlpaPawas chiefeditorofCancerchairoftheAmericanCancerheadofthesurveychiefexecutiveofBreastCancerWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtotheMostwomentakewalkingastheironlyrecreationalThestudyaimstotrackthehealthconditionsofitsWalkingwastheonlyrecreationalactivityforabouthalfofthe Irregularwalkingincreasedtheriskofbreastcancerinpost-menopausalTheword“sustainable”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningC.

D.AllofthefollowingfactorsrelatingtocancerriskwerementionedinthepassageEXCEPT regularrecreationallifestylebreathing当题干中出现except时,如果有选项属于文章中未提及的信息(选项中的名词性结构在文章中没有出现,文章中也没有出现其近义词),则该选项通常就是答案；Post-menopausal( )womenwhowalkforanhouradaycancuttheirchanceofbreastcancersignificantly,astudyhassuggested.Thereport,whichfollowed73,000womenfor17years,foundwalkingforatleastsevenhoursaweekloweredtheriskofthedisease.TheAmericanCancerSocietyteamsaidthiswasthefirsttimereducedriskwasspecificallylinkedtowalking.UKexpertssaiditwasmoreevidencethatlifestyleinfluencedcancerrisk.ArecentpollforthecharityRamblersaquarterofadultswalkfornomorethananhouraweek,butbeingactiveisknowntoreducetheriskofanumberofcancers.Thisstudy,publishedinCancerEpidemiology,Biomarkers&Prevention,followed73,615womenoutof97,785aged50-74whohadbeenrecruitedbytheAmericanCancerSocietybetween1992and1993,soitcouldmonitortheincidenceofcancerintheTheywereaskedtocompletequestionnairesontheirhealthandonhowmuchtimetheywereactiveandparticipatinginactivitiessuchaswalking,swimmingandaerobics(有氧运动)andhowmuchtimetheyspentsittingwatchingevisionorreading.Theycompletedthesamequestionnairesattwo-yearintervalsbetween1997and2009.Ofthewomen,47%saidwalkingwastheironlyrecreationalactivity.Thosewhowalkedforatleastsevenhoursperweekhada14%lowerriskofbreastcancercomparedtothosewhowalkedthreeorfewerhoursperweek.Dr.AlpaPa,aseniorepidemiologistattheAmericanCancerSocietyinAtlanta,Georgia,wholedthestudy,said:“Giventhatmorethan60%ofwomenreportsomedailywalking,promotingwalkingasahealthyleisure-timeactivitycouldbeaneffectivestrategyforincreasingphysicalactivityamongstpost-menopausalwomen.Wewerepleasedtofindthatwithoutanyotherrecreationalactivity,justwalkingonehouradaywasassociatedwithalowerriskofbreastcancerinthesewomen.Morestrenuous(紧张的)andlongeractivitiesloweredtheriskevenmore.”BaronessDelythMorgan,chiefexecutiveofBreastCancer n,said:“Thisstudyaddsfurtherevidencethatourlifestylechoicescanyapartininfluencingtheriskofbreastcancerandevensmallchangesincorporateintoournormalday-to-dayactivitycanmakeadifference.”Sheadded:“Weknowthatthebestweapontoingbreastcanceristheabilitytostopitoccurringinthefirstce.Thechallengenowishowweturnthesefindingsintoactionandidentifyothersustainablelifestylechangesthatwillhelpuspreventbreastcancer.”ItcanbeinferredfromDr.Alpa ’sstudy ×A.womenhavefewerchancesofphysicalB.dailywalkingcouldcutthechanceofbreastcancerC.leisure-timeactivityisnotassociatedwithcancerD.walkingisnotmendedforwomenwithbreast(倒数第三段)Dr.AlpaPa,aseniorepidemiologistattheAmericanCancerSocietyinAtlanta,Georgia,wholedthestudy,said:“Giventhatmorethan60%ofwomenreportsomedailywalking,promotingwalkingasahealthytimeactivitycouldbeaneffectivestrategyforincreasingphysicalactivityamongstpost-menopausal(的)women.Wewerepleasedtofindthatwithoutanyotherrecreationalactivity,justwalkingonehouradaywasassociatedwithalowerriskofbreastcancerinthesewomen.More紧张的)andlongeractivitiesloweredtheriskevenDr.Alpa chiefeditorofCancerchairoftheAmericanCancerheadofthesurveychiefexecutiveofBreastCancer(倒数第三段)Dr.AlpaPa,aseniorepidemiologist(流行病学家)attheAmericanCancerSocietyinAtlanta,Georgia,wholedthestudy,said:“Giventhatmorethan60%ofwomenreportsomedailywalking,promotingwalkingasahealthyleisure-timeactivitycouldbeaneffectivestrategyforincreasingphysicalactivityamongstpost-menopausal(的)women.Wewerepleasedtofindthatwithoutanyotherrecreationalactivity,justwalkingonehouradaywasassociatedwithalowerriskofbreastcancerinthesewomen.Morestrenuous(紧张的)andlongeractivitiesloweredtheriskevenmore.”W