gmat语法基础课主谓一致

主谓一致金栩竹一：如何准确找到主语二：如何准确找到谓语难点目录一、定义二、主谓一致的做题要点三、判断不清楚主语的单复数时怎么办？主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则。定义and可以连接两个或两个以上的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。A

man

and

his

son

want

to

go

there.Mary

and

her

boy

friend

ARE

going

to

the

school.and的一致性Thomas

Eakins's

powerful

style

and

his

choices

of

subject--the

advancesin

modern

surgery,

the

discipline

of

sport,

the

strains

of

individuals

intension

with

society

or

even

with

themselves--was

as

disturbing

to

his

owntime

as

it

is

compelling

for

ours.Thomas

Eakins's

powerful

style

and

his

choices

of

subject--the

advancesin

modern

surgery,

the

discipline

of

sport,

the

strains

of

individuals

intension

with

society

or

even

with

themselves--

were

as

disturbing

to

hisown

time

as

they

are

compelling

for

ours.and的一致性例句例1OG18-685Cost

cutting

and

restructuring

has

allowed

the

manufacturing

company

tolower

its

projected

losses

for

the

second

quarter,

and

they

are

forecasting

a

profit

before

the

end

of

the

year.has

allowed

the

manufacturing

company

to

lower

its

projected

lossesfor

the

secondquarter,

and

they

are

forecastinghas

allowed

for

the

manufacturing

company

to

lower

its

projectedlosses

in

the

second

quarter

and

to

forecasthave

allowed

that

the

manufacturing

company

can

lower

the

projectedlossesfor

the

second

quarter,

and

to

forecasthave

allowed

the

manufacturing

company

to

lower

its

projectedsecond-quarter

losses

and

to

forecasthave

allowed

for

the

manufacturing

company

to

lower

the

projectedlosses

in

the

second

quarter,

as

well

as

forecasting当主语由以下词连接时，其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定Tom,

along

with

his

friends,

goes

skating

every

Saturday.The

warehouse,

with

all

its

stockings,

was

burned

last

night.附属修饰原则A,

as

well

as

BA

, panied

by

BA,

(along)

with

BA,

in

addition

to

BA,

including

BA,

together

with

B不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。比如以-one,-body,或者-thing

结尾的不定代词：Anyone,

anybody,

anything,

no

one,

nobody,

nothing,

someone,

somebody,something,

everyone,

everybody,everything不定代词的一致性each

或every充当主语时谓语动词用单数。Every

dog

has

paws.Each

of

these

shirts

is

pretty.Each如果放在主语之后充当同位语时，谓语动词需跟each之前的主语的单复数一致。They

each

are

great

tennis

players.each/every的一致性例2Scientists

say

that

each

of

the

photographs

taken

of

the

Ares

Vallis

plain

bythe

Mars

Pathfinder

indicate

the

overwhelming

extent

to

flooding

on

the

planet

billions

of

years

ago

and

the

degree

that

rocks

were

scattered

by

itsforce.indicate

the

overwhelming

extent

to

flooding

on

the

planet

billions

ofyears

ago

and

the

degree

thatindicate

that

the

extent

of

the

floods

on

the

planet

billions

of

years

agowas

overwhelming

and

the

degree

to

whichindicate

the

overwhelming

extent

of

the

floods

on

the

planet

billions

ofyears

ago

and

the

degree

to

whichindicates

the

overwhelming

extent

of

the

flooding

on

the

planet

billionsof

years

ago

and

the

degree

to

whichindicates

the

overwhelming

extent

to

flooding

on

the

planet

billions

ofyears

ago

and

the

degree

that例3At

an

orientation

meeting,

the

travelers

were

told

that

a

visa,

a

landing

card,

and

evidence

of

inoculation

against

typhoid

fever

would

be

needed

byeach

of

them.a

visa,

a

landing

card,

and

evidence

of

inoculation

against

typhoidfever

would

be

needed

by

each

of

themthey

would

need

a

visa,

a

landing

card,

and

evidence

of

their

beinginoculated

against

typhoid

feverthey

would

need

evidence

of

being

inoculated

against

typhoid

feverand

a

visa

and

landing

cardthey

would

each

need

a

visa,

a

landing

card,

and

evidence

ofinoculation

against

typhoid

feverthey

would

need

visas,

landing

cards,

and

evidence

of

inoculationagainst

typhoid

fever

for

each

of

them例4When

an

active

tooth

in

the

shark’s

jaws

is

lost

or

worn

down,

many

spare

teeth

lie

in

seemingly

limitless

reserve,

each

of

which

are

ready

to

slide

into

the

appropriate

position.When

an

active

tooth

in

the

shark’s

jaws

is

lost

or

worn

down,

manyspare

teeth

lie

in

seemingly

limitless

reserve,

each

of

which

are

ready

toslide

into

the

appropriate

position.Whenever

an

active

tooth

is

lost

or

worn

down,

many

spare

teeth

lie

inseemingly

limitless

reserve

in

the

shark’s

jaws,

which

are

each

ready

toslide

into

the

appropriate

position.Many

spare

teeth

lie

in

seemingly

limitless

reserve

in

the

shark’s

jaws,each

one

of

which

are

ready

to

slide

into

the

appropriate

position

when

anactive

tooth

is

lost

or

worn

down.The

many

spare

teeth

lying

in

seemingly

limitless

reserve

in

the

shark’sjaws,

each

one

of

which

is

ready

to

slide

into

the

appropriate

positionwhenever

an

active

tooth

is

lost

or

worn

down.In

the

shark’s

jaws,

many

spare

teeth

lie

in

seemingly

limitless

reserve,each

one

ready

to

slide

into

the

appropriate

position

whenever

an

activetooth

is

lost

or

worn

down.the

number

of...(……的数目）作主语时，谓语动词用单数a

number

of...(许多……）作主语时，谓语动词用复数.number的一致性例5Part

of

the

proposed

increase

in

state

education

spending

is

due

to

higherenrollment,

since

the

number

of

students

in

public

schools

have

grown

steadily

since

the

mid-1980’s

and,

at

nearly

47

million,

are

at

a

record

high.enrollment,

since

the

number

of

students

in

public

schools

have

grownsteadily

since

the

mid-1980’s

and,

at

nearly

47

million,

are

atenrollment,

with

a

number

of

students

in

public

schools

growing

steadilysince

the

mid-1980’s

and,

at

nearly

47

million,

reachingenrollment:

since

students

in

public

schools

have

grown

steadily

innumber

since

the

mid-1980’s

and,

at

nearly

47

million,

have

reachedenrollment:

the

number

of

students

in

public

schools

has

grown

steadilysince

the

mid-1980’s

and,

at

nearly

47

million,

has

reachedenrollment:

students

in

public

schools

have

grown

steadily

in

numbersince

the

mid-1980’s

and

,

at

nearly

47million,

are

at例6In

Scotland,

the

number

of

wild

salmon

have

been

reduced

because

of

uncontrolled

deep-sea

and

coastal

netting,

by

pollution,

and

by

variousother

threats

to

the

fish’s

habitat.number

of

wild

salmon

have

been

reduced

because

of

uncontrolleddeep-sea

and

coastal

netting,number

of

wild

salmon

is

reduced

because

deep-sea

and

coastalnetting

is

not

controlled,numbers

of

wild

salmon

has

been

reduced

because

of

uncontrolleddeep-sea

and

coastal

netting,wild

salmon’s

numbers

are

reduced

by

deep-sea

and

coastal

nettingthat

is

not

controlled,wild

salmon’s

numbers

have

been

reduced

by

uncontrolled

deep-seaand

coastal

netting,短语和主语从句当主语的时候一般按照单数处理。短语和主语从句当主语例7Studying

the

fruitfly,

a

household

nuisance

but

a

time-honored

experimental

subject,

has

enabledthe

secretsofhow

embryos

develop

to

beginto

be

unraveled

by

scientists.Studying

the

fruit

fly,

a

household

nuisance

but

a

time-honored

experimentalsubject,

has

enabled

thesecretsofhow

embryos

develop

to

begin

to

be

unraveled

byscientists.By

the

study

of

the

fruit

fly,

a

household

nuisance

and

also

a

time-honoredexperimental

subject,

it

waspossible

for

thesecrets

of

how

embryos

develop

to

begintobe

unraveledby

scientists.By

studying

a

household

nuisance

but

a

time-honored

experimental

subject,

thefruitfly

enabled

scientists

to

begin

to

unravel

the

secretsof

how

embryosdevelop.By

studying

the

fruitfly,

a

household

nuisance

and

also

a

time-honoredexperimental

subject,

the

secrets

ofhow

embryosdevelop

are

beginning

to

beunraveled

by

scientists.The

study

of

the

fruit

fly,a

household

nuisance

but

a

time-honoredexperimentalsubject,has

enabled

scientists

to

beginto

unravel

the

secretsof

howembryosdevelop.主语和动词从逻辑上一定要合理The

development

of

a

hydrogen

car

based

on

expected

performanceparameters

will

be

able

to

travel

hundreds

of

miles

without

refueling.Once

developed,

a

hydrogen

car

based

on

expected

performanceparameters

will

be

able

to

travel

hundreds

of

miles

without

refueling.意义一致原则Although

the

term

"psychopath"

is

popularly

applied

to

an

especially

brutalcriminal,

in

psychology

it

is

someone

who

is

apparently

incapable

of

feelingcompassion

or

the

pangs

of

conscience.it

is

someone

who

isit

is

a

personthey

are

people

who

areit

refers

to

someone

who

isit

is

in

reference

to

people例8The

direction

in

which

the

Earth

and

the

other

solid

planets--Mercury,Venus,

and

Mars--spins

were

determined

from

collisions

with

giantcelestial

bodies

in

the

early

history

of

the

Solar

System.spins

were

determined

fromspins

were

determined

because

ofspins

was

determined

throughspin

was

determined

byspin

was

determined

as

a

result

of例9In

June

of

1987,

The

Bridge

of

Trinquetaille,

Vincent

van

Gogh‘s

view

of

aniron

bridge

over

the

Rhone

sold

for

$20.2

million

and

it

was

the

secondhighest

price

ever

paid

for

a

painting

at

auction.Rhone

sold

for

$20.2

million

and

it

wasRhone,

which

sold

for

$20.2

million,

wasRhone,

was

sold

for

$20.2

million,Rhone

was

sold

for

$20.2

million,

beingRhone,

sold

for

$20.2

million,

and

was例10S(A

of

B)+V+O一般来说是按照A名词的单复数来决定谓语动词的单复数。但当主语是all,some,most,the

rest,the

remainder，half，none等代词时，其谓语一般应遵循意义一致的原则：由of后面的名词的单复数来判断。Some

of

the

money

was

stolen

from

my

wallet.Some

of

the

documents

were

stolen

from

the

bank.Three

of

us

will

go,

the

rest

are

to

stay

here.Most

of

his

money

is

spent

on

books.Most

of

the

students

are

taking

an

active

part

in

sports.S(A

of

B)+V+O的一致性Three

out

of

every

four

automobile

owners

in

the

United

States

also

own

a

bicycle.Three

out

of

every

four

automobile

owners

in

the

United

States

alsoown

a

bicycle.Out

of

every

four,

three

automobile

owners

in

the

United

States

alsoowns

a

bicycle.Bicycles

are

owned

by

three

out

of

every

four

owners

of

automobiles

inthe

United

States.In

the

United

States,

three

out

of

every

four

automobile

owners

ownsbicycles.Out

of

every

four

owners

of

automobiles

in

the

United

States,

bicyclesare

also

owned

by

three.例11例12The

new

image

of

Stone

Age

people

as

systematic

hunters

of

large

animals,rather

than

merely

scavenging

for

meat,

have

emerged

from

the

examination

of

tools

found

in

Germany,

including

three

wooden

spears

that

archaeologists

believe

to

be

about

400,000

years

old.merely

scavenging

for

meat,

have

emerged

from

the

examination

of

toolsfound

in

Germany,

includingas

merely

scavenging

for

meat,

have

emerged

from

examining

toolsfoundinGermany,whichincludeas

mere

meat

scavengers,

has

emerged

from

examining

tools

found

inGermany

that

includesmere

scavengers

of

meat,

has

emerged

from

the

examination

of

toolsfoundinGermany,whichincludesmere

scavengers

of

meat,

has

emerged

from

the

examination

of

toolsfound

in

Germany,

including特例：百分比和分数，谓语单复数也是根据of后的名词语义来判断单复数。但是有概念性质的percentage或proportion等，前面加了定冠词the，需要用单数

Thirty

percent

of

the

songs

on

the

album

have

already

been

released

onprevious

albums.Three

fourths

of

the

surface

of

the

earth

is

covered

with

water.The

percentage

of

uninsured

in

its

population

is

higher

than

in

any

otherstate.百分比和分数的一致性In

Hungary,

as

in

much

of

Eastern

Europe,

an

overwhelming

proportion

of

women

work,

many

of

which

are

in

middle

management

and

light

industry.as

in

much

of

Eastern

Europe,

an

overwhelming

proportion

of

womenwork,

many

of

which

are

inas

with

much

of

Eastern

Europe,

an

overwhelming

proportion

of

womenworks,

many

inas

in

much

of

Eastern

Europe,

an

overwhelming

proportion

of

womenwork,

many

of

them

inlike

much

of

Eastern

Europe,

an

overwhelming

proportion

of

womenworks,

and

many

arelike

much

of

Eastern

Europe,

an

overwhelming

proportion

of

women

work,many

are

in例13Despite

the

increasing

number

of

women

graduating

from

law

school

andpassing

bar

examinations,

the

proportion

of

judges

and

partners

at

major

law

firms

who

are

women

have

not

risen

to

a

comparable

extent.the

proportion

of

judges

and

partners

at

major

law

firms

who

arewomen

have

not

risen

to

a

comparable

extentthe

proportion

of

women

judges

and

partners

at

major

law

firms

havenot

risen

comparablythe

proportion

of

judges

and

partners

at

major

law

firms

who

arewomen

has

not

risen

comparablyyet

the

proportion

of

women

judges

and

partners

at

major

law

firms

hasnot

risen

to

a

comparable

extentyet

the

proportion

of

judges

and

partners

at

major

law

firms

who

arewomen

has

not

risen

comparably例14名词1

of

名词2+that

verb先利用逻辑关系判断出that引导的定语从句修饰名词1还是名词2，再根据修饰对象判断动词的单复数形式。名词1

of

名词2+that

verb的一致性例15With

a

new

park,

stadium,

and

entertainment

complex

along

the

DelawareRiver,

Trenton,

NewJersey,

isbut

oneof

a

largenumberof

communities

thatis

looking

to

use

its

waterfront

as

a

way

for

it

to

improve

the

quality

of

urban

life

and

attract

new

businesses.is

looking

to

use

its

waterfront

as

a

way

for

it

to

improve

the

quality

ofurban

life

and

attractis

looking

at

using

its

waterfront

to

improve

the

quality

of

urban

life

andattractare

looking

to

use

their

waterfronts

to

improve

the

quality

of

urban

life

andattractare

looking

to

use

its

waterfront

as

a

way

of

improving

the

quality

of

urbanlife

and

attractingare

looking

at

using

their

waterfronts

as

a

way

of

improving

the

quality

ofurban

life

and

attract例16Many

house

builders

offer

rent-to-buy

programs

that

enable

a

family

with

insufficient

savings

for

a

conventional

down

payment

to

be

able

to

move

into

new

housing

and

to

apply

part

of

the

rent

to

a

purchase

later.programs

that

enable

a

family

with

insufficient

savings

for

a

conventionaldown

payment

to

be

able

to

move

into

new

housing

and

to

applyprograms

that

enable

a

family

with

insufficient

savings

for

a

conventionaldown

payment

to

move

into

new

housing

and

to

applyprograms;

that

enables

a

family

with

insufficient

savings

for

aconventional

down

payment

to

move

into

new

housing,

to

applyprograms,

which

enables

a

family

with

insufficient

savings

for

aconventional

down

payment

to

move

into

new

housing,

applyingprograms,

which

enable

a

family

with

insufficient

savings

for

aconventional

down

payment

to

be

able

to

move

into

new

housing,

applyingIn

human

hearing,

subtle

differences

in

how

the

two

ears

hear

a

given

sound

help

the

listener

determine

the

qualities

of

that

sound.in

how

the

two

ears

hear

a

given

sound

help

the

listener

determinein

the

two

ears

hearing

a

given

sound

help

the

listener

in

determiningin

how

a

sound

is

heard

by

the

two

ears

helps

the

listener

determinebetween

how

the

two

ears

hear

a

given

sound

helps

the

listener

indeterminingbetween

how

a

sound

is

heard

by

the

two

ears

help

the

listener

indetermining例17or,but,either,neither

等连接主语时谓语动词的单复数由B决定-也就是常说的就近原则A

or

B;

not

A

but

B;either

A

or

B,A

nor

B,not

only

A

but

also

B,neither

A

nor

B.Either

I

or

they

are

responsible

for

the

result

of

the

matter.Neither

the

coach

nor

the

players

are

going

to

the

beach.Neither

the

players

nor

the

coach

is

going

to

the

beach.就近原则学会通过句中出现的代词来判断主语的单复数Found

throughout

Central

and

South

America,

the

sloth

hangs

from

treesby

its

long

rubbery

limbs,

sleeping

15

hours

a

day

and

moving

soinfrequently

that

two

species

of

algae

grow

on

its

coat

and

between

its

toes.判断不清楚主语的单复数时怎么办？Foraging

at

all

times

of

the

day

and

night,

but

interspersing

their

feedingwith

periods

of

rest

that

last

between

one

and

eight

hours,

a

sperm

whale

could

eat

so

much

as

a

ton

of

squid

a

day.between

one

and

eight

hours,

a

sperm

whale

could

eat

sobetween

one

and

eight

hours,

sperm

whales

can

eat

asbetween

one

to

eight

hours,

sperm

whales

could

eat

asfrom

one

to

eight

hours,

sperm

whales

could

eat

sofrom

one

to

eight

hours,

a

sperm

whale

can

eat

so例18Found

throughout

Central

and

South

America,

sloths

hang

from

trees

by

long

rubbery

limbs

and

sleep

15

hours

a

day,

moving

infrequently

enough

that

two

species

of

algae

grow

on

its

coat

and

between

its

toes.sloths

hang

from

trees

by

long

rubbery

limbs

and

sleep

15

hours

a

day,moving

infrequently

enoughsloths

hang

from

trees

by

long

rubbery

limbs,

they

sleep

15

hours

a

day,and

with

such

infrequent

movementssloths

use

their

long

rubbery

limbs

to

hang

from

trees,

sleep

15

hours

aday,

and

move

so

infrequentlythe

sloth

hangs

from

trees

by

its

long

rubbery

limbs,

sleeping

15

hours

aday

and

moving

so

infrequentlythe

sloth

hangs

from

trees

by

its

long

rubbery

limbs,

sleeps

15

hours

aday,anditmoves

infrequentlyenough例19The

survival

of

coral

colonies,

which

are

composed

of

innumerable

tinypolyps

living

in

a

symbiotic

relationship

with

brilliantly

colored

algae,

are

being

threatened,

experts

say,

not

only

by

pollutants

like

agricultural

runoff,oil

slicks,

and

trash,

but

also

by

dropped

anchors,

probing

divers,

andglobal

warming.are

being

threatened,

experts

say,

not

only

by

pollutants

likeare

being

threatened,

experts

say,

by

not

only

pollutants

such

asis

not

only