被动语态曹修平

被动语态复习英语组曹修平ThePassiveVoice课前预习：一、被动语态的定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为_______；当主语是谓语动作的_______，则为被动语态。

被动语态由助动词be+______构成，时态通过be表现出来。主动语态承受者过去分词二、各种时态的被动语态构成

DiscussionA:

Howcanwechangeasentenceintopassivevoice?Pleasediscussingroups.Eachgroupmustwriteoutthe3steps.(5pointsforeachstep)Step1

宾语变主语Step2

谓语动词该为被动式Step3

主语变为介词加宾语请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态:主语＋谓语＋宾语被动语态:例：We

clean

ourclassroomeveryday.（主动）

[注意]①把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。②如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词

by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。主语＋＋by+宾语be+过去分词Ourclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday（被动）DiscussionB:

Whendoweusethepassivevoice?

Discussingroups.Eachgroupmustwriteoutasmanysituationsaspossible.2pointsforeachcorrectanswer.Manyhouseswillbebuilthere.1.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。Thesong“TheEastisRed”waswrittenbyapoorpeasant.2.强调动作的承受者。TheplanwassupportedbythosewhowishedtohavemorechancestospeakEnglish.3.动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。Youarerequestedtoattendthemeeting.4.出于礼貌,不愿意说出动作的执行者。Itissaidthatanothersteelplantwillbesetupinthiscity.

5.有些措词故意避免用主语，或用“有人”、“大家”之类，经常用it作形式主语构成被动语态结构。如：特别记住下列句型：Itishopedthat…Itissupposedthat…Itmustbepointedoutthat…Itwillbeseenthat…Itisknownthat…

Itiswellknownthat…Itisbelievedthat…Itisthoughtthat…希望……据推测说……必须指出…由此可以看出……据说……众所周知……有人相信……人们认为……

DiscussionC:WhatarethedifferentformsofthePassiveVoiceindifferenttenses?Lookatthesentencesbelowanddiscusssingroupsandfindoutthedifferentformsofthepassivevoiceindifferenttenses.Finishtheformbelowandyouwillget17points.各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时do/does2一般过去时3一般将来时4过去将来时5现在进行时6过去进行时7现在完成时8过去完成时9含情态动词各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词2一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词3一般将来时will/begoingto+动词原形will/begoingto+be+过去分词4过去将来时would+动词原形would+be+过去分词5现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词am/is/are+being+过去分词6过去进行时was/were+现在分词was/were+being+过去分词7现在完成时have/has+过去分词have/has+been+过去分词8过去完成时had+过去分词had+been+过去分词9含情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词+be+过去分词1.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

三、主动语态变被动语态Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时的被动语态构成：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词2.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词3．LingFeng

cantakegoodcareof

Polly

．Polly

canbetakengoodcareof

byLingFeng.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词4.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词5.Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：

S+am/is/are+being+过去分词6．We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.现在完成时：

S+have/has+been+过去分词7．I

wasdoing

myhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomework

wasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：

S+was/were+being+过去分词各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时do/does2一般过去时did3一般将来时will/begoingto+动词原形4过去将来时would+动词原形5现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词6过去进行时was/were+现在分词7现在完成时have/has+过去分词8过去完成时had+过去分词9含情态动词情态动词+动词原形am/is/are+过去分词was/were+过去分词will/begoingto+be+过去分词would+be+过去分词am/is/are+being+过去分词was/were+being+过去分词have/has+been+过去分词had+been+过去分词情态动词+be+过去分词DiscussionD:InwhichsituationcanwenotusethePassiveVoice?Discussingroupsandwriteoutasmanyanswersasyoucan.2pointsforeachgroup.

四、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？1.表示_______的动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：【正】Theshirtfitshimverywell．【误】Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt．

状态2._________一般没有被动语态。例如：【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．祈使句3.某些及物动词的宾语表示______________时不能用于被动语态。例如：【正】HejoinedtheLeaguein1998．【误】TheLeaguewasjoinedbyhimin1998．处所、地点、组织4.由“___________”构成的英语习语（如makefaces，makefriends，takeplace等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如：【正】Theboymakefacesinclass．【误】Facesaremadebytheboyinclass．

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinJinansincelastyear.动词＋名词5.___________在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter

反身代词小组合作完成以下三道题每道题10分Teamwork

把下列主动句改为被动句①Lilywritesmanyletterseveryday.(主动)

②Theyvisitedthisfarmlastyear.（主动）

③Wehavelearned3000Englishwordssofar.（主动）

→ManylettersarewrittenbyLilyeveryday.→Thisfarmwasvisitedbythemlastyear.→3000Englishwordshavebeenlearnedbyussofar.巩固与拓展：小组成员先独立完成9道题，然后相互讨论确定答案以及解题理由。老师临时指定每组解释其中一道题答案正确5分解释清楚5分如果答案或者解释有错误，本组成员可以补充否则由其他小组纠正或补充，则其他组得分。8.（09福建）6-WhydoestheLakesmellterrible?-Becauselargequantitiesofwater

_____.

A.havepolluted

B.isbeingpolluted

C.hasbeenpolluted

D.havebeenpolluted

9.（09湖南）8．Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?Theweatherreport_________andIwanttolisten.

A.isbroadcast

B.isbeingbroadcast

C.hasbeenbroadcast

D.hadbeenbroadcast

巩固与拓展：2010高考相关题目1.（10湖南）24.Thiscoastalarea

anationalwildlifereservelastyear.A.wasnamed B.named C.isnamed D.names 答案：A考点：考查动词时态和语态。解析：根据主语“Thiscoastalarea”与name之间的被动关系排除B、D两项。根据句中的lastyear判断用一般过去时，故选A项。巩固与拓展：2010高考相关题目2.(2010上海)31.Thechurchtowerwhich

willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.A.hasrestoredB.hasbeenrestoredC.isrestoringD.isbeingrestored答案：D考点：本题考查被动语态。解析：restore意思为修复，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为正在修复中，答案选D.巩固与拓展：2010高考相关题目3。（10天津）10.TraditionalfolkartsofTianjinlikepapercutting

atthecultureshowofthe2010ShanghaiWorldExpo.A.areexhibitingB.isexhibitingC.arebeingexhibitedD.isbeingexhibited答案：C.考点：考查被动语态。句意：想剪纸一样的天津民间传统艺术品正在2010上海世博会的文化展览中展出。解析：因为2010年上海世博会现在还在进行着，所以像剪纸一样的天津传统民间艺术品也是“正在被展览”，所以用现在进行时态的的被动语态形式。巩固与拓展：2010高考相关题目4.（10四川）18．You’vefailedtodowhatyou

toandI’mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou．

A．willexpectB．willbeexpectedC．expectedD．wereexpected答案：D考点：考查动词时态和语态。解析：句中you与expect存在被动关系，首先排除C。又有havefailed提示应是过去你被期盼做的事，故应为过去时，正确答案为D。巩固与拓展：2010高考相关题目5.Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse

atpresentinthedisasterarea.A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuiltC.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt答案：D.【解析】考查动词时态，语态及主谓一致。由时间状语atpresent可知此处动词表示的动作正在进行，主语与所填词是被动关系；manya+名词单数做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，由此可知本题选D。巩固与拓展：2010高考相关题目6.（10北京）22.InthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheUS,the"r"soundsattheendofthewords

.A.aredroppedB.dropC.arebeingdroppedD.havedropped答案：A考点：时态和语态解析：the"r"sounds应该使用被动。巩固与拓展：2010高考相关题目7.（10湖北）78.

Lastnight’sTVnewssaidthatbythenthedeathofthemissingpeople________（未证实）yet.(prove)78.答案：hadnotbeenproved考点：考查过去完成时的被动语态8.（09福建）6-WhydoestheLakesmellterrible?-Becauselargequantitiesofwater

_____

.

A.havepolluted

B.isbeingpolluted

C.hasbeenpolluted

D.havebeenpolluted

【解析】考查动词时态，语态和主谓一致。根据前一分句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是largequantitiesofwater，其中心词是quantities，是复数，谓语动词用复数，选D。

【答案】D

9.（09湖南）8．Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?Theweatherreport_________andIwanttolisten.

A.isbroadcast

B.isbeingbroadcast

C.hasbeenbroadcast

D.hadbeenbroadcast

【解析】考查时态和语态。句意为：请保持安静行吗?我想听正在广播的天气报告。说话间正在发生的动作，应用进行时同时表示被动含义。故选B。

【答案】B

Homework：思考题：被动语态还有哪些特别要注意的问题，请各小组课后合作探究，下节课提交各组报告。提示：1.带双宾语的动词怎么办？如give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等

2.作宾补且省TO的动词不定式如何处理？(即常言道“一感二听三让四见半帮助”也就是feel，hear，listento，let，make，have，see，notice，lookat，watchhelp？

3……..4……goodbye一、如主动句含间宾和直宾双宾语；或含省略to的不定式作宾补，变被动时有何变化呢？UncleLilentustheboatlastweek．（变被动）WewerelenttheboatbyUncleLilastweek．TheboatwaslenttousbyUncleLilastweek．（加上了to，有的也加for）Mummademeanewdress.IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.Anewdresswasmadeformebymymother.

间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，则须在间宾前添加to或for。加to的动词多为give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等；加for的动词有make，draw，buy等。二、Myparentsmademewateralltheseyoungtrees．（变被动）Iwasmadetowateralltheseyoungtreesbymyparents．（加上了to）

这种主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有feel，hear，listento，let，make，have，see，notice，lookat，watch（即常言道“一感二听三让四看见”）。

3.含有短语的被动语态结构。一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才有承受者。但许多不及物动词加上副词或介词构成动词短语也相当于及物动词的用法，可以带宾语，因而也有被动语态。动词短语主要有三种：A及物动词+副词如：

turnoff、setup、carryout、putoff、takeaway、turnon、handin、moveaway、passon、writedown、putaway、puton、takedown、sendaway、tryon、putdown、sellout、holdon、tryout、sendup、takeoff、wearout、wakeup、takeout、dressup、giveback、workout、getback、findout、pickup、giveup、pullup、putup

等B不及物动词+介词如：

lookaftertalkaboutplaywith等

C.“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语。如：

takecareof、payattentionto、makeuseof等动词短语是不可分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的副词或介词。请看下面的例子：①Theysetupthefactoryin2000.Thefactorywassetupin2000.②OurschoolwillputofftheSchoolSportsmeetinguntilDecember.TheSchoolSportsmeetingwillbeputoffuntilDecember.③Peoplehavetalkedabouttheaccident.Theaccidenthasbeen

talkedabout.④Youshouldpaymoreattentiontoyourstudythisyear.Yourstudyshouldbepaidmoreattentiontothisyear.带有介词或副词的动词短语，在改为被动语态时，不能把介词或副词拆开。4.动词need.require.want.beworth.deserve后加v.-ing

的主动结构常表示被动含义e.g.:Mywatchcan’twork,itneedsrepairing.Thisfilmisreallyworthseeing.

1.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。

→Mybikegotstolenlastnight.2.这些蛋已经被打碎了。

→Theeggshavegotbroken.3.工资已经付给了工人们。

→Theworkershavegotpaid.5.Translatethesentencesusing“getdone”.

“Get”canalsobeusedinthepassivevoiceinsteadof“be”.6.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：Theproblemiseasytodo./Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer./Theboxisheavytocarry./Theprojectisimpossibletocompleteinayear.比较：Theproblemistobedone.Thequestionistobeanswered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。7..表示开始、结束、运动的动词：begin、finish、start、open、close、stop、end、shut、run、move等。

Theshopclosesat6.p.m.Workbeganat7thismorning.Exercises1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.

areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike____________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythem16.Someonemusthelpmemoveawaytheheavybag.Imust_____________tomoveawaythisheavybag.17.WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?（变为主动语态）______Tom______thewindow?behelpedDidbreak18.Thetractorwasn’tdrivenoutoftheroad.He_____________thetractoroutoftheroad.19.Doesn’tBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_______thestreet_________byBobeveryday?didn’tdriveIsn’tcleaned20.Whatcantheydotofinishtheworkontime?_____________________________bythemtofinishthework?Whatcanbedone21.Noneofthechildrenweremadetotrythenewmedicinebythedoctor.Thedoctor_________________________the________________thenewmedicine.didn’tmakeanyofchildrentry

把下列主动句改为被动句1.Theboycleanedthedeskamomentago.

Thedesk

wascleaned

bytheboyamomentago.2.Wewillplant2000treesnextyear.

2000trees

willbeplanted

byusnextyear.3.Youmustkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.

Theroom

mustbekept

cleanandtidybyyou.4.Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.

Thethief

hasbeencaught

bythepolice.5.Thefarmersarecuttingdownthetreesonthehill.

Thetreesonthehill

arebeingcutdown

bythefarmers.1)Comeandsitdownbythefire.Youhands

.A.feelsocoldB.isfeltsocoldC.fellsocoldlyD.feltsocold2)Greatchanges

inourcityandsomeschools

duringthepast20years.A.havetakenplace;havesetupB.weretakeplace;weresetupC.havebeetakenplace;havebeensetupD.havetakenplace;havebeensetupAD3)Thethief

whileclimbingthegardenwall.A.hascaughtB.wascaughtC.hadbeencaughtD.hasbeencaught4)Insomepartsoftheworld,tea

withmilkandsugar.A.isservedB.isservingC.serversD.servedBA．巩固练习被动语态考点分析

1.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection______.(NMET)A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。2.——Doyoulikethematerial?——Yes,it______verysoft.(NMET)A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来…”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。3．Greatchanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories______.(NMET)A.havebeentakenplace…havebeensetupB.havetakenplace…havebeensetupC.havetakenplace…havesetupD.weretakenplace…weresetup析：takeplace（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因setup(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。

5.Idon’tknowtherestaurant,butit’s______tobequiteagoodone.(NMET)A.saidB.toldC.spokenD.talked析：根据“某人/某物据说…”英文句式为“sb/sth.issaid…”可定答案为A。又如：Heissaidtobeacleverboy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。

6.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse______andalotofthings______.(NMET)A.hasbrokeninto…hasbeenstolenB.hasbrokeninto…hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto…stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto…stolen析：“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除A、B。因C项中的hasbeenbrokeninto不能置于found之后，则答案只能是D。

7.Ipromisethatthematterwill______.(NMET)A.betakencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof析：takecareof…是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。

8.Ifcitynoises______fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.(NMET)A.arenotkept…willhavetoB.arenotkept…havetoC.donotkeep…willhavetoD.donotkeep…haveto析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在A、B中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为A。

9.TheOlympicGames,____in776BC,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.(NMET)A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying析；要表达“被举行”，只能在B、C中选。B意“将要首次举行”。显然不合in776BC这一过去时间，只有C，firstplayed(＝whichwasfirstplayed)才合用。

10.Thissentenceneeds______.A.aimprovementB.improveC.improvingD.improved析：初看此题似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，后面可跟doing或tobedone表“需要被…”意。如：Thedoorneeds/wants/requirespainting/tobepainted.(这扇门需要漆一下。)

故选C

11.Ishouldverymuchliketohavegonetotheparty,butI______invited.A.amnotB.haven’tbeenC.wasnotD.willnotbe析：should/wouldliketohavedone