2022高考英语一轮总复习选修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection-北师大版课件

选修8Unit22

EnvironmentalProtection英语选修8Unit22EnvironmentalProte内容索引核心考点课堂突破随堂巩固迁移运用内容索引核心考点课堂突破随堂巩固迁移运用核心考点课堂突破核心考点课堂突破1.reservevi.储备;保存;保留;预订

n.保护区;储备;保留;储备金;储藏量[教材原句]Breweries

are

often

built

in

nature

reserves.(P5)啤酒厂通常建在自然保护区中。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空]①Toattendthegrandceremony,you’dbettermakea

(reserve)onlinebeforeFriday.

②Thegovernmentisplanningtosetupmorenature

(reserve).

[完成句子]③大厅前排座位是留给要被授奖的杰出人物的。Theseatsinthefrontpartsofthehall

theoutstandingfigurestobeawarded.

reservationreservesarereservedfor1.reservevi.储备;保存;保留;预订n.保护区考点必记①reservesthforsb为某人保留/预定某物anaturereserve自然保护区inreserve贮存;备用②reservationn.保留;预订(房间、座位等)makeareservation预订(座位、房间等)withoutreservation毫无保留地[写作佳句]Irecommendhimtoyouwithoutreservation,asIbelieveyouwillappreciatehisabilityinthisfield.我毫无保留地向你推荐他,因为我相信,你会赏识他在这一领域的能力。

考点必记2.trapvt.使困住,诱骗,使陷入困境

n.陷阱,圈套[教材原句]Because

of

the

greenhouse

effect,the

Earth

is

warmed

by

gases

trapped

in

the

atmosphere.(P5)由于温室效应,困在大气层中的气体使得地球变暖。2.trapvt.使困住,诱骗,使陷入困境n.陷阱,圈套语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Byquestioninghetrappedthethief

makingaconfession.

②

(trap)inruins,thelittlegirlstillkeptcalm,wearingasmileandwaitingtoberescued.

[完成句子]③孙涛困在了一棵果树上,所以许多同学都来帮他。(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,书面表达)SunTao

onafruittree,somanyofhisclassmateslenthimahand.

intoTrappedwastrapped语境巧练intoTrappedwastrapped考点必记trapsbintodoingsth诱骗某人做某事betrappedin被困在……set/layatrap设置陷阱,布下圈套fall/walkintoatrap落入圈套/陷阱fallintothetrapofdoingsth掉进做……的陷阱[写作佳句]Don’tfallintothetrapofsigningsomethingwithoutreadingitcarefullyfirst.不要没仔细看就签字,小心上当。

考点必记3.beyondprep.超出

adv.在远处[教材原句]In

the

last

few

decades,scientists

have

reached

consensus

and

reported

that

human

beings

are

causing

changes

in

the

Earth’s

climate—something

previously

seen

as

beyond

our

control.(P6)最近几十年,科学家们一致认为,人类正在引起地球的气候变化——而这在以前看来是我们不能控制的。3.beyondprep.超出adv.在远处语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Aperson,whenchallenged,canoftendowhatis

hisability.

[完成句子]②然而,超过某一点,进一步的压力将只会导致疲惫、疾病,最终导致崩溃。

,though,furtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustion,illnessandfinallyabreakdown.

[小话题写作]③这样的社会活动给我们带来的益处是我们无法描述的。(2019·北京卷,书面表达)Thebenefitssuchsocialactivitiesbringtousarequite

.

beyondBeyondacertainpointbeyondourdescription语境巧练beyondBeyondacertainpoi考点必记beyondcontrol无法控制beyondwords/speech难以言表,无法形容beyondcompare无与伦比的beyondmidnight午夜以后beyondsb’spower某人力所不及的beyondone’simagination/description超乎想象/无法描述beyondbelief/doubt令人难以置信/毫无疑问beyondrepair/reach无法修理/够不着It’sbeyondmewhy/what...我无法理解为什么/什么……考点必记[写作佳句]Howaneight-year-oldboycanknowanythingaboutthatisbeyondme.一名八岁的男孩竟然熟知那样的事情是我所不能理解的。[写作佳句]4.claimvt.&n.(根据权利)要求,索赔;认领;声称[教材原句]They

claim

that

in

the

last

50

years,gases

pumped

into

the

Earth’s

atmosphere

by

the

factories

and

vehicles

have

been

speeding

up

the

process

of

global

warming

and

affecting

our

climate.(P6)他们声称,在过去的五十年间,工厂和汽车排放入大气层中的气体加速了全球变暖的进程,影响了我们的气候。4.claimvt.&n.(根据权利)要求,索赔;认领;语境巧练[单句语法填空]①ExpertsinAmericaclaimed

(develop)thevaccinesfortheepidemic,whichatlastprovedtohaveflaws.

②AletterappearedinThe

TimesclaimingFleming

thediscovererofpenicillin.

③Childreninfacthavenoclaim

theirparents’supportfortheirpurchasingahouse.

[完成句子]④如果货物有损坏,你可以要求退款。Youcan

ifthegoodsaredamaged.

tohavedeveloped

ason/toclaimyourmoneyback语境巧练tohavedevelopedason/toc考点必记claimtodosth声称要做某事claimsth认领某物claim...as...声称……是……claimback要求收回;索回layclaimto声称对……的拥有权havenoclaimon/tosth没有对……要求的权利;无资格得到makeaclaimfor对(赔偿等)提出要求[写作佳句]Fredclaimedtohavedonetheworkwithouthelp.弗雷德声称未借助外力而完成了这项工作。

考点必记5.relevantadj.有关的;切题的[教材原句]...how

is

it

relevant

to

our

lives?(P6)……它是怎样和我们的生活息息相关的呢?语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Theprofessorsometimesmakesremarksthatarenotrelevant

histopic.

②Besuretostayontopicandnotoffer

(relevant)information.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷,七选五)

toirrelevant

5.relevantadj.有关的;切题的toirrele[小话题写作]③上一封信中,你问过我如何在中国朋友家做客,现在,我写信告诉你一些相关细节。Inyourlastletter,youaskedmeaboutbeingaguesttoaChinesefriend’shome.Now,Iamwritingto

.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)

informyouofsomerelevantdetails[小话题写作]informyouofsomerele考点必记①relevantinformation相关信息relevantdetails相关细节berelevantto和……有关(=havesthtodowith)②relevancen.相关,贴切,关联性relevantlyadv.有关地;切题地irrelevantadj.不相关的考点必记[名师点津]表示“与……有关”的方式:beconnected/concerned/associatedwithbelinkedto/with

berelatedtobeinrelationto beinconnectionwithbetodowith havesthtodowith[名师点津]6.advocatevt.主张,提倡

n.提倡者,倡导者;拥护者[教材原句]Experts

advocate

that

each

person

play

their

part.(P6)专家们倡议每个人都发挥自己的作用。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空]①AtthatmomentChina’sgovernmentadvocatedeveryone

(wear)theirmaskswhiletravelingout.

②Nowmanypeopleadvocate

(eat)fruitsandvegetablesratherthanmeat.

(should)weareating6.advocatevt.主张,提倡n.提倡者,倡导者;[小话题写作]③上周末我们班长主张我们去农场摘西瓜,这是一次极好的经历。(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,书面表达)Lastweekendourmonitoradvocatedthat

onthefarm,whichwasafantasticexperience.

考点必记①advocatethat...(should)dosth主张/提倡……应该做……advocatedoingsth提倡做某事anadvocateof/forsb/sth支持某人/某事的人②advocacyn.拥护wepickwatermelons[小话题写作]wepickwatermelons[写作佳句]Somehighschoolteachersstronglyadvocatethereformofthecurrenteducationalsystemtomakestudentsdevelopinanall-roundway.一些高中教师强烈主张改革现有的教育体系,以使学生得到全面发展。

[写作佳句]7.substituten.代替者;代替品,代用品

vt.代替,取代[教材原句]After

all,there’s

no

substitute

for

our

Earth.(P6)毕竟,我们的地球没有替代品。语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Ifwesubstituteanumber

eachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“135520135”.

②Youshouldmakeitclearthatvitaminpillsarenotsubstitute

healthydiet.

forfor7.substituten.代替者;代替品,代用品vt.[完成句子]③爱情、友情、知识、健康,所有这些都是无价的,是金钱所无法取代的。Love,friendship,knowledge,health,allthesethingsarepricelessthings

moneycan’t

.

forwhichsubstitute[完成句子]forwhich考点必记asubstitutefor...……的代替者(品)substituteforsb/sth(用……)代替;取代substituteAforB/substituteBwith/byA用A代替B[写作佳句]Punishmentmightbeamustineducation,butwecanneversubstituteeducationwithpunishment.在教育中惩罚可能是必需的,但我们永远不能用惩罚代替教育。考点必记8.threatenvt.威胁;预示……;有……的危险[经典例句]Hesaidarmyofficershadthreatenedtodestroythetown.他说军官们已威胁,要摧毁这座小镇。

语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Wildlife

greatly

(threat)inthemodernage.Therearespecies(物种)thataredisappearingeveryday.(2019·江苏卷,完形填空)

②Theincidentthreatens

(ruin)hischancesintheelection.

③Thefightingis

majorthreattostabilityintheregion.

[完成句子]④戴维吓唬说要是比尔表现不好他就告诉老师真相。David

theteacherthetruthifBillwouldn’tbehavewell.

hasbeenthreatenedtoruinathreatenedtotell8.threatenvt.威胁;预示……;有……的危险ha考点必记①threatensb(withsth)扬言要(以某事)威胁/恐吓threatentodosth威胁要干某事threatenthat...预示凶兆,有……危险②threatn.威胁;恐吓;凶兆athreatto...对……是一种威胁[写作佳句]Childrenaresometimesthreatenedwithviolenceiftheydon’tdowhattheirparentswant.小孩子如果没有做到他们父母想要他们做的有时会受到暴力威胁。考点必记9.meansn.方法,手段(单复数相同,做主语时谓语动词应根据其表示的意义来确定)[教材原句]People

in

agricultural

areas,without

any

means

to

earn

their

living,move

to

the

cities,and

then

construct

shabby

homes

from

whatever

materials

they

can

find

on

poor

clay

soil.(P10)农业地区的人口因为没有办法谋生而流向城市,他们在贫瘠的粘土上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房屋。9.meansn.方法,手段(单复数相同,做主语时谓语动词语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofindothermeans

adapting.

②Businessmanagersarefocusedonincreasingtheirpersonalwealth

anyavailablemeans.

③—Couldyoupleaseswitchoffallthelightswhenyouleave?—

allmeans.

ofby

By语境巧练ofbyBy考点必记byallmeans尽一切办法;一定;务必;(表示答应)当然可以byanymeans无论如何bynomeans绝不;一点也不(放在句首时句子应用部分倒装语序)bythismeans用这种方法bymeansof用/依靠……方法考点必记[名师点津]①means表示“方式,方法,手段”时,其单复数同形,当means在句中充当主语时,如果前面有each,every等词修饰,谓语动词应用单数形式,如果前面有many,some,several,few等词修饰,谓语应用复数形式。

②表示“用这种方法”的不同表达:inthisway,withthismethod,bythismeans等,注意它们介词的使用不同。[名师点津]10.adoptvt.采纳,采用;收养[教材原句]The

Chinese

government

has

adopted

several

noise

control

plans

and

as

a

result

noise

pollution

levels

have

improved

in

recent

years.(P12)中国政府已经采取了几项噪音控制计划,因此近年来噪声污染水平有所改善。语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Thenewapproach

(adopt)turnedoutveryeffective.

②I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausethey

(adopt)thefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.(2019·天津卷,阅读理解D篇)

adopted

haveadopted10.adoptvt.采纳,采用;收养adoptedha[小话题写作]③蔡老师总是采用一些独特的方法,使得他的课堂生动,对我们学生具有吸引力。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)Mr.Caialways

tomakehisclasslivelyandappealingtousstudents.

adoptssomeuniqueapproaches[小话题写作]adoptssomeuniqueappr考点必记①adoptanapproach/apolicy/anattitude/astrategy采取方法/政策/态度/策略adoptachild收养小孩②adoptionn.采纳,采用;收养adoptedadj.被收养的;被采用的[写作佳句]Theoldwomanadoptedadesertedboyandafterafewmonthshecametoadapttohisnewlife.那位老太太收养了一位被遗弃的男孩,几个月后,他适应了新的生活。

考点必记11.lookahead展望未来[教材原句]Looking

ahead,scientists

believe

that

global

warming

could

be

one

of

the

biggest

environmental

problems

facing

the

21st

century.(P6)展望未来,科学家们认为全球变暖可能是21世纪所面临的最严重的环境问题之一。11.lookahead展望未来语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectly_______

hiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷,语法填空)

②OnceIlook

somethingontheInternet,Idon’tneedtokeepallthedetailsforfutureuse.

③Twoboyswerelostandthepolicewere

looking

thematter.

into

upinto

语境巧练intoupinto[完成句子]④我们学生都尊敬常老师,因为他总是十分平等而友好地对待我们。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)Westudentsall

Mr.Changbecausehealwaystreatsusequallyandkindly.

lookupto[完成句子]lookupto考点必记lookback回顾lookaround环顾lookinto调查lookout当心;向外看lookthrough浏览lookforwardto期盼lookdownon/upon轻视,看不起lookupto尊敬;仰慕lookup抬头看;查阅lookover检查(身体等)考点必记12.referto提到;谈及;参考;查阅[教材原句]Global

warming

refers

to

an

average

increase

in

the

Earth’s

temperature

that,in

turn,leads

to

climate

change.(P6)全球变暖指的是地球温度平均升高,并由此导致气候发生变化。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空]①Hisjudgmentand

(refer)aredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解C篇)

②Thetrend,then,wastowardthe“pennypaper”—aterm

(refer)topapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解C篇)

references

referring12.referto提到;谈及;参考;查阅referen[小话题写作]③有大量的参考书,我经常困惑该从中选哪一本。(2018·江苏卷,书面表达)Thereare

whichIamoftenconfusedtochoosefrom.

考点必记①refertothedictionary/notes查字/词典/笔记②referencen.提及;查阅areferencebook参考书inreferenceto关于hugequantitiesofreferencebooks[小话题写作]hugequantitiesofrefe[写作佳句]Iamwritingtoyouin

reference

tothejobopeninginyourdepartment.我给你写信,是关于你所在部门的职位空缺。[写作佳句]13.inturn依次,轮流地;反过来[教材原句]Global

warming

refers

to

an

average

increase

in

the

Earth’s

temperature

that,in

turn,leads

to

climate

change.全球变暖指的是地球温度平均升高,并由此导致气候发生变化。13.inturn依次,轮流地;反过来语境巧练[单句语法填空]①Theoryisbasedonpracticeand

turnservespractice.

[完成句子]②笑着谈论那块三明治会导致侮辱,这反过来可能会导致暴力。Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults,

canleadtoviolence.

③Axani在邮件中写到,他并不寻求任何回报。Axaniwroteinhispostthathewasnotlookingforanything

.

inwhichinturninreturn语境巧练inwhichinturninreturn考点必记byturns轮流taketurnstodo/doingsth轮流做某事It’sone’sturntodosth轮到某人做某事[词义精析]①inturn表示依次、转而、反过来;②inreturn作为报答;作为交换(常和介词for连用)。[写作佳句]In

return,however,thispassagewillhelpyoutothinklikeaneconomist.然而,作为回报,这段文章将帮助你像一位经济学家那样思考。

考点必记14.onone’sbehalf代表……[教材原句]We

need

to

speak

out

on

their

behalf

before

they

disappear

for

good.(P8)趁它们还没有永远消失我们需要代表它们大声疾呼。语境巧练[单句语法填空]①

behalfofourschool,Iwouldliketoexpressourwarmwelcometoyou.

[完成句子]②肯不在场,所以我代表他领奖。Kenisnotpresent,soIshallaccepttheprize

.

Ononhisbehalf

14.onone’sbehalf代表……Ononhi[小话题写作]③我代表机器人爱好集团,打算邀请您在即将到来的比赛中加入我们的团队。(2018·天津卷,书面表达)I,

theRoboticsHobbyGroup,intendtoinviteyoutojoinourteaminthecomingcompetition.

考点必记onone’sbehalf=onbehalfofsb代表……inbehalfofsb=insb’sbehalf为帮助某人[写作佳句]On

behalf

ofallmyclassmates,I’dliketodeliveraspeechtoexpressourappreciationtoourteachers.我谨代表我所有的同学,发表演讲以表达我们对老师的感谢。onbehalfof[小话题写作]onbehalfof15.given(that)...句型[教材原句]Given

this

data,it

seems

that

the

link

between

human

activities

and

rising

global

temperatures

is

not

merely

a

coincidence.(P6)根据这一数据判断,人类活动与全球变暖之间的关系似乎不仅仅只是一个巧合。15.given(that)...句型语境巧练[完成句子]①根据《消费者研究杂志》上的一项最新研究,同伴饮食的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。

arecentstudyinthe

Journal

of

Consumer

Research,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.

②如果有足够的时间和金钱,那些研究者早就能够发现这个领域更多的东西了。

,theresearcherswouldhavebeenabletodiscovermoreinthisfield.

Accordingto

Givenenoughtimeandmoney语境巧练AccordingtoGivenenough考点必记句中given“考虑到,鉴于”是介词。given后接表示事物性的名词(短语),并通常位于句首,也可置于句末,且常用逗号与其后面的句子隔开,整个介词短语在句中做状语。[名师点津]①表示“考虑到……”时,given后还可接that从句。同时,given做形容词时,表示“规定的”。②类似地,considering(顾及;考虑到),accordingto(根据),concerning(关于)等均为介词。考点必记16.stop...fromdoingsth句型[教材原句]How

can

we

stop

these

disasters

from

happening?(P6)我们如何才能阻止这些灾难的发生?语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空]①Itpreventspeoplewhoarecutofffromsociety

(fall)victimtocheaters.(2020·天津卷,完形填空)

②Butourinsistingit’smerelyawindowhaskeptthemfrom___________

(attempt)millionsofrequeststoopenthedoor.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,完形填空)

fallingattempting

16.stop...fromdoingsth句型fall[小话题写作]③作为父母,你不应该过分夸奖你的孩子,因为这会阻止他们尝试新事物或冒险。(2019·浙江卷,概要写作)Asparents,youshouldn’tpraiseyourkidstoomuch,whichcan

newthingsortakingarisk.

考点必记句中stop...fromdoing表示“阻止……做……”,其中from可以省略。[名师点津]类似地,preventsb(from)doingsth及keepsbfromdoingsth也表示“防止/阻止某人做某事”,但keepsbdoingsth则表示“让某人继续做某事”。preventthemfromtrying[小话题写作]preventthemfromtryin[写作佳句]Beforethestormarrived,theyhaddonealotofworktostoptheircropsfrom

beingdamaged.风暴来临前他们已经做了大量工作,阻止庄稼被破坏。

[写作佳句]17.Whydo...?句型[教材原句]But

why

wait

around

for

governments

to

take

action?(P6)但是为什么要等着政府来采取行动呢?语境巧练

[用所给词的适当形式填空]①Why

(bother)?Wecanstayathomeandwatchfilmsonline.

②Butwhy

(notstart)now?

[完成句子]③我们对视频中放入什么内容进行了辩论。Wedebatedoverwhat

intothevideo.

bother

notstarttoput17.Whydo...?句型bothernotstar考点必记①Whydo...?表示“为什么做……呢?”该句型在口语中很常用,其否定形式为Whynotdo...?表示“为什么不做……呢?”②how,where,when等疑问词没有why类似的用法,但它们可以和动词不定式连用,在句中充当一个成分,而why则没有此用法。[写作佳句]Why

not

gotoseethemovieMy

People,My

Homelandtonight?今晚为什么不去看电影《我和我的家乡》?考点必记18.behometo...句型[教材原句]One

of

the

islands

is

home

to

a

giant

tortoise

named

Lonesome

George.(P9)其中一个小岛是一个叫Lonesome

George的巨龟的家园。语境巧练[单句语法填空]①OwnedbytheHasellfamilysince1679,home

theInternationalMarmaladeFestival.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解A篇)

to

18.behometo...句型to[完成句子]②毫无疑问,建于1911年的清华大学是许多杰出人物的发祥地。Withoutdoubt,QinghuaUniversityfoundedin1911

manyoutstandingfigures.

考点必记behometo...表示“是……的家园,是……的发祥地,是……的居住地”,在home前不可用冠词。[写作佳句]Themountainsherearewellprotectedbecausetheyare

home

tomanyendangeredbirdsandanimals.这里的山脉受到很好保护,因为它们是许多濒临灭绝的鸟类和动物的家园。ishometo[完成句子]ishometo19.一段时间+haveseen...句型[教材原句]The

last

few

years

have

seen

environmental

disasters

on

a

grand

scale,and

experts

are

predicting

far

worse

to

come.(P10)近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现,专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。19.一段时间+haveseen...句型语境巧练[完成句子]①由于中国共产党的好政策,过去的三十年见证了中国的巨大变化。Thelastthirtyyears

greatchangesinChinabecauseoftheParty’sgoodpolicy.

②再往前驱车一小时,我们就可以到达山脚下了。Anotherhour’sride

thefootofthehill.

havewitnessedwillbringusto语境巧练havewitnessedwillbringu考点必记“一段时间+haveseen...”表示“(时间)见证了……”,此处see也可用witness代替。[名师点津]①此处的动词see使用的是拟人修辞手法。拟人修辞手法把事物人格化,使本来不具备人的动作和感情的动物或植物变得有像人一样的行为。②英语中使用拟人修辞手法的句子,主语通常是表示时间、地点、心爱之物等的名词,如车、船等。谓语则常是see,witness,find,make,bring,cause,give,experience等。考点必记随堂巩固迁移运用随堂巩固迁移运用Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Dr.Rowan,

secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.(2020·天津卷,单项填空)

2.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritain

(think)tobeabout1.8million.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解C篇)

3.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspecies

drivingoneanothertoextinction.(2019·天津卷,阅读理解C篇)

whoseisthought

from

Ⅰ.单句语法填空whoseisthoughtfrom4.Accordingtomost

(calculate),racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking...(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解C篇)

5.Howcanwebridgetheever-wideninggapthatseparatesus

otheranimals?(2019·江苏卷,完形填空)

6.Whenapredator(掠食动物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(猎物),thetwospecies

strongly

(link).(2019·天津卷,阅读理解C篇)

7.Pleasedonotincludecovers.Alistof

(refer)mustbeincluded.(2019·天津卷,阅读理解A篇)

calculationsfrom

arelinked

references4.Accordingtomost(c