考点09介词接关系代词用法高考重点词汇积累长难句分析-2023年暑假新高二英语培优全攻略（上海专用）（原卷版）

考点09介词接关系代词用法+高考重点词汇积累+长难句分析核心考点梳理高考重点词汇积累核心单词1.motivationn. (做事的)动机2.journalistn. 记者，新闻工作者3..nationalityn. 国籍4.monumentn. 纪念碑，纪念物5.justicen. 正义；公正；司法6.keenadj. 热心的；敏锐的；激烈的7.moraladj. 道德上的，道义上的，道德的8.murdervt. 谋杀9.insurevt. 给……投保10.obviousadj. 明显的，显然的，显而易见的11.nativeadj. 本土的，本国的12.instrumentn. 乐器；工具，器械13.occupationn. 职业；工作；占有，拥有14.leisuren. 空闲时间，闲暇；休闲15.librariann. 图书管理员；(西方的)图书馆馆长n. [C]许可证，执照17.neglectvt. 忽视，忽略；疏忽18.literaturen. 文学19.negotiatevt.&vi. 协商，谈判，商定20.initialadj. 开始的，最初的21.luggagen. (总称)行李22.inspectvt. 检查；视察；检阅23.maintainvt. 维持；维修，保养；坚持24.majorityn. 多数，大多数25.individualadj. 单独的，个别的；独特的n. 个人(体)重点短语holdback 阻碍，隐瞒，控制(情感)holdon 坚持；(电话用语)别挂断holdonto 坚持；抓住不放holdout 伸出；坚持，维持holdup 举起；支撑；阻挡，使停顿infavorof 赞成；支持inmemoryof 为了纪念inhonorof 为了纪念inneedof 需要inpossessionof 拥有intermsof 依据，按照inpraiseof 称赞；赞颂incidentn. 事件；事变have/gainanadvantageover有超出……的优势take(full)advantageof (充分)利用toone’sadvantage/totheadvantageofsb 对某人有利holdone’sbreath 屏住气；屏息takeadeepbreath＝breathedeeply 深呼吸loseone’sbreath 喘不过气来catchone’sbreath 喘口气；歇口气；恢复正常呼吸二、高考阅读理解长难句分析41.Atthattime,therewererestrictionsonthemovementofEuropeansandso,inordertotravelunnoticed,hedevelopedhisfluencyinChineseanddressedasaChineseman,evenshavinghisheadintheChinesestyle.【句式翻译】那时候，欧洲人在中国的活动受到种种限制，因此为了在旅行时不引起别人注意，他努力使自己的汉语讲得很流利，并且穿着中国人的服装，甚至像中国人一样削发（留辫）。【句式分析】本句是复合句,so引导结果状语从句，unnoticed和shaving作状语。【词语点拨】1）restrictionn.限制Theparkisopentothepublicwithoutrestriction.这个公园对公众开放,没有任何限制。Thereisnorestrictiononthenumberofpeople.人数不限。2)dressv.打扮；穿衣n.衣服；礼服；dress后常接sb/oneself，不接衣服作宾语；构成短语：bedressedin…穿着……Fatherdressedupasaclowntomakechildrenlaugh.为了逗孩子们笑，爸爸装扮成小丑。Shehurriedlydressedhersonanddrovehimtoschool.她匆忙地给儿子穿上衣服，开车送他到学校。Ifeelawkwardaseveryoneexceptmeisineveningdress.我感到很尴尬，因为除了我，谁都穿了夜礼服。Angelsareusuallyshowninpicturesdressedinwhite.图画中的天使通常身穿白衣。【语法点拨】1）现在分词作状语，具体用法参见第26句。2）过去分词作状语：=1\*GB3①过去分词作状语时，常表示被动和完成，此时分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。表示时间、条件、原因、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。如：Myfathersatquietlyonthecouch,lostinthought(=andhewaslostinthought).我父亲静静地坐在沙发上，沉浸在思索之中。Looked(=Ifitislooked)atadistance,thepaintingseemsmuchmorebeautiful.隔着一段距离看，这幅画似乎要漂亮得多。=2\*GB3②有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：given（考虑到，如果）,providedthat（如果）,comparedwith/to等。Ourgreenhouseisnothingcomparedwithyours.我们这个温室比起你们那个简直是小巫见大巫。Iwillagreetogoprovided/providing(that)myexpensesarepaid.假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。42.Braveyoungmentooktheopportunityofgoingonbotanicalexpeditions,oftenfacingmanydangersincludingdisease,near-starvation,severeenvironmentsandconflictswiththelocalpeople.【句式翻译】勇敢的年轻人借机进行植物探索活动，他们常常面临许多危险，包括疾病、饥饿、严酷的环境以及同当地居民的冲突。【句式分析】本句是简单句，facingmanydangers…在句中作状语。【词语点拨】includingprep.包含includev.包含Therearetenpeopleinthisofficeincludingme.这个办公室连我共有10人。Thisbookincludessomeinformationyouneed.这本书包括你需要的一些信息。【语法点拨】现在分词作状语，具体用法参见第26句。43.Aconsumercancomplaintotheorganization,givingreasonsfortheircomplaint,andifthecomplaintiscorrect,theorganizationcanmakethecompanystopusingtheoffendingadvertisement.【句式翻译】消费者可以向这个机构投诉，提出投诉的理由，如果投诉是正确的，该机构可以责令该公司停止使用这种令人不愉快的广告。【句式分析】本句是复合句，if引导条件状语从句，givingreasons…作状语，using…作宾语。【词语点拨】complaintn.抱怨；投诉complain是其动词形式Theworkeracceptedhisdismissalwithoutanycomplaint.那个工人毫无怨言地接受解雇。Shemadeacomplaintaboutthenoise.她就噪音问题提出了投诉。Shewrotealettertoherlocalnewspapertocomplainaboutthenewroad.她给当地的报纸写了一封信，抱怨新修的马路。【语法点拨】1）现在分词作状语，具体用法参见第26句。2）doing作宾语，具体用法参见第31句。44.Innotime,theDelMonteGoldtookthemarketbystorm,rapidlybecomingtheworld’sbest-sellingpineapplevariety,anddeliveringnaturallevelsofsweetnessinthemouth,upuntilthenonlyfoundintinnedpineapple.【句式翻译】德尔蒙金菠萝立刻占有了市场，很快成为世界上销售最好的菠萝，吃到嘴里有一种天然的甜味，在那之前，只有罐装菠萝才有这种味儿。【句式分析】本句是简单句，becoming和delivering在句中作状语，tinned作定语。【词语点拨】1)innotime立刻，马上Clothingseemstowearoutinnotimenowadays.现在的衣服好像很快就穿破了。2）varietyn.种类；多样性Thehoteloffersitsguestsawidevarietyofamusements.

这个旅馆为住客提供了各种各样的娱乐活动。Mylastjoblackedvariety;Iwasdoingthesamethingsallthetime.我上次的一份工作缺乏多样化,我老是在做同样的事情。3）deliverv.递送；发表（演说等）ThenewspaperisdeliveredtomyschooleveryTuesday.每周二报纸被送到我的学校。Mr.SmithwilldeliveraspeechonEnglishlearningthisFriday.本周五史密斯先生要做一个关于英语学习的演讲。4）take…bystorm强攻；使大为轰动Thenewswilltakethepublicbystorm.这个消息将会令公众大吃一惊的。ThegroupofyoungmusicianstookEuropebystorm.一群年轻的音乐家使整个欧洲为之倾倒。【语法点拨】1）现在分词作状语，具体用法参见第26句。2）过去分词done作定语：过去分词作定语表示被动和完成意义，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。单个分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后。如：Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital。受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。Thescientistsinvited(=whowereinvited)tothemeetingarefromdevelopingcountries.被邀请参加会议的科学家来自发展中国家。45.Shaydidn’tmakeittoanothersummeranddiedthatwinter,havingneverforgottenbeingtheheroandmakinghisfathersohappyandcominghomeandseeinghismothertearfullyhugherlittleherooftheday!【句式翻译】Shay在那一年的冬天死了，没有活到第二年的夏天，他永远也忘不掉自己当英雄以及让自己的爸爸如此高兴，忘不掉跑回家看到含泪的妈妈抱住这个小英雄的场景。【句式分析】本句是简单句，didn’tmakeit和died是并列的谓语动词，havingneverforgotten作状语，beingthehero,makinghisfather…,cominghome,和seeing...是并列的宾语。【词语点拨】1)makeit(to)及时到达；成功；约定时间It'shardtomakeittothetopintheshowbusiness.想在演艺圈出人头地，实非易事。Ican'tmakeittodinnertonight;but,canItakearaincheck?今天晚上我不能去吃晚饭,但是我们改天再吃好吗?Makeitanytimethatsuitsyou;I’malwaysfree.我反正有空，就你的时间吧。“介词＋关系代词”用法“介词+关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。我们可以从下面几点掌握其用法。关系代词前的介词定位1．介词与先行词是固定搭配IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametoschool.(onwhich=ontheday)ThecompanyinwhichIonceworkedhaschangedmuch.(inwhich=inthecompany)2．介词与从句中的动词是固定搭配Heisamanofgreatknowledge,fromwhommuchcanbelearned.(learnsth.fromsb.)Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(turntosb.forhelp)3．介词与从句中的形容词是固定搭配Chinaisabeautifulcountry,ofwhichwearegreatlyproud.(beproudof)Theteachertalkedaboutsomesubjectsinwhichthestudentswereinterested.(beinterestedin)4．有时介词的选择根据其与which后的名词之间的固定搭配而定Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.(inwhichcase=inthatcase)Callmeatsixo’clock,bywhichtimeIshouldgetup.(bywhichtime=bythetime)“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的表现形式1．“介词+which/whom”引导They’rethecompanionswithwhomIusedtogotoschoolwhenIwasyoung.In2004OlympicGamestheChineseteamgot32goldmedals,ofwhich19werewonbywomen.2．“介词短语+which/whom”引导Wevisitedalargecompanytheotherday,infrontofwhichlayasmallriver.Henrytookaphotoofthestudents,inthemiddleofwhomsattheirEnglishteacher.3．“名词（代词、数词或形容词最高级）+of+which/whom”引导Acompasshasaneedle,theendsofwhichalwayspointnorthandsouth.Ouruniversityhasmanylaboratories,thelargestofwhichwasbuiltlastyear.Thebodyismadeofalargenumberoforgans,eachofwhichhasitsparticularfunction.4．“介词+whose+名词”引导Theboss,inwhosecompanyIwork,isverykind-heartedandhelpful.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句还应注意以下问题1．“介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词不能用that。2．含有介词的动词短语不能拆开，即不能转化成“介词+关系代词”结构，介词仍放在动词的后面。如：

Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.(不可说“…afterwhomthenursesarelooking”)3．fromwhere有时也可以用来引导定语从句。Hisheadsoonappearedoutofoneofthesecondstoreywindow,fromwherehecouldseenothingbuttrees.“介词＋关系代词”在意义上相当于where，when，why等关系副词。很多情况下，关系副词可用“介词＋which/whom”来代替，其中的介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定(where=in/onwhich；when=on/in/atwhich；why=forwhich)。Thehousewhere(=inwhich)Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstmetJennifer.Doyouknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)herefusedtogotoMary’sbirthdayparty.当堂知识检测一、单项选择1．Intheexams,makesurethateverythingyouwriteisrelevant________thequestionsyouhavebeenasked.A．from B．of C．to D．with2．________healthexperts’beliefthatgivingpeopleaccesstotheirhealthdatawillinspirethemtoeatbetterandexercisemore,there’sevidence________theirpromiseisn’tquitepayingoff.A．Despiteof;/ B．Despite;that C．Though;that D．Inspiteof;for3．ChinastrengtheningfriendshipandcooperationwithothercountriestheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence.A．iscommittedto;basingon B．iscommittedto;onthebasisofC．commitsto;basingon D．commitsto;onthebasisof4．theemphasisonhowactorsmove,Kunoperasdon’tnormallyhavecomplicatedstagesets.A．Despite B．Given C．Asfor D．Regardlessof5．Jonesyusuallywinswhenthetwosistersplaytennis,butinlastnight’smatch,Sueputhereldersisterinthe.A．shade B．conflict C．violence D．invasion6．Theexperimentwasmadeonthe________thatairoccupiesspace.A．reason B．purpose C．assumption D．goal7．It______todoexercisesinthemorningforourhealth,whichwas_______whatProfessorLisaidinhisletter.A．makessense;incorrespondencewith B．makeasense;correspondtoC．makesthesense;correspondwith D．makessense;withcorrespondenceto8．______thatthisisaholiday,itisnotasurprisethattheparksarecrowded.A．Togive B．Giving C．Havinggiven D．Given9．Tobehonest,thisbookisworthyof________.A．beingread B．beread C．reading D．bereading10．Opportunitiesandsuccesstendtobe_______thosewhoareprepared.A．infavorof B．inneedof C．inhonorof D．incontrolof11．Howmuchshouldweputfaith________anti-ageingproducts?A．to B．with C．in D．for12．Thepolicehavesearchedforthelostchildforafortnight,but_______.A．invainB．inturnC．intimeD．inorder13．Mikehasadesire______successbuthesuffersfromalack______confidence.A．for;of B．to;with C．at;in D．over;by14．Theplansweredrawnup________consultation________theWorldHealthOrganization.A．in,with B．in,inC．under,with D．In,over15．Itisunfairforthechildren_______theInternetifyouonlyprovideonlinecourses.A．withoutaccesstoB．incontrolofC．intheactofD．alongthelinesof16．Shewilltalkontheissuesshecarespassionately_________educationandnurserycare.A．toinclude B．including C．included D．aboutincluding17．Jane'sfatherencouragedhertomakefriendshernewclassmates.A．to B．for C．on D．with18．Drunkdriving,causinggreatdamage________ahighrateintrafficaccident,isamajorconcern,________weeachshouldpayspecialattentionto.A．in;that B．in;which C．at;one D．at;that19．AccordingtoWuGuanzhong,hisgoalasanartistwas______Westernprinciplesofart______Chinesespirit.A．tocombine;with B．tocombine;toC．combining;with D．combining;to20．Myownproblemsseeminsignificant_________withotherpeople’s.A．forcomparison B．comparing C．havingcomparing D．bycomparison21．Clairetriedtohelpbyworkingonalightsuspended_________theceiling.A．from B．with C．in D．to22．Thecoldnessand________inhervoicetookme________surprise.A．distance；by B．distant；in C．distant；on D．distance，in23．________travelbyplanealltheway,theydecidedtoflytoGuangzhouandthen________thetraintoBeijing.A．Ratherthan;took B．Morethan;takeC．Ratherthan;take D．Morethan;took24．—WhyamIsoslowatdoingtheclozetest?—Iguessyoudidn’trealizetheusethecontexts.A．youshouldhavemadeof B．youmusthavemadefromC．fromwhichyoucouldhavemade D．outofwhichyouneedmake25．Wemustbeconsistentimplementingtherulesthatareconsistentthenationalinterest.A．in...in B．in...with C．with...with D．with...in二、根据汉语意思填写单词26．Thehuntertriedto______(逃离)fromtheforest,buthelosthisway.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)27．Althoughstartedasanunderdogfortheelection,thenewpresident________(最终)wonwith52percentofthevote.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）28．Luckily,hewasabletorecoverafteraseriesof________(手术).(根据汉语提示单词拼写)29．Thispieceof

______(设备)isanexcitingnewdevelopment.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)30．Thegreat______(大多数)ofpeopleseemtoagreewiththisview.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)31．Insummervacationwecandoapart-timejob,whichcanbringusboth________(收入)andworkingexperience.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）32．Studentswere______________(抗议)atovercrowdingintheuniversitydorms.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)33．Heisbusyfillinginthe______(申请)formnow.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)34．Thenewtaxsystemwouldbe________(计算)onthevalueofpropertyownedbyanindividual.(根据汉语提示拼写单词)三、根据首字母填写单词35．Tagore’spoetryhasbeentranslatedintomanyv________allovertheworld.(根据首字母单词拼写)36．Indesperation,Mrs.Joneshadano________onherrightkneetorelievethepain.(根据首字母单词拼写)四、根据中英文提示填写单词37．Look!ThosestudentsfromChongqingNo.1SecondarySchoolareextraordinarilye________(精力充沛的)eveninthisEnglishexam.（根据中英文提示填空）38．Thisyear’ssalesfiguresgob______(超出)alltheirexpectations.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)39．Thiscourseisdevelopedforc________(创造性的)thinking.(根据中英文提示填空)40．Intheeventofdifficulties,pleasedonoth__________(犹豫)tocontactourCustomerServiceDepartment.(根据中英文提示填空)课后巩固提高五、汉译英（整句）41．这位教练既对孩子们要求严格，也不遗余力地呵护着他们对足球的热爱。(effort)(汉译英)42．现在很常见地看到广告用专家的图片、文字，向人们展示产品有多棒。(汉译英)43．人们普遍认为，情商高的人易接受新思想，对待生活积极乐观。(汉译英)44．多数当地人靠捕猎鲸鱼勉强维生，他们对教育的需求日益增长，盼着能提高生活水平。(demand)(汉译英)45．谭盾为牡丹亭(ThePeonyPavilion)创作新舞美，注入新生命，因而它两年的演出座无虚席。(which)(汉译英)46．如何改革僵化局限的教育项目，构建灵活创新的课程体系，体现学校对学生的现实意义是教育家们最为关注的问题之一。(concern)(汉译英)47．我已经下定决心要全力帮助你学习英语。（commit,thoroughly）（汉译英）48．玛丽已经纵情于阅读小说一整个上午。(abandon)(汉译英)49．近十年，旅游业迅猛发展，这对青藏高原的生物多样性已经产生了不良影响。(impact)(汉译英)50．时近傍晚，附近村民纷纷施以援手，加快正在进行的救援。(reach)(汉译英)51．他退休已经八年了，可热心公益的他总是闲不住，三天两头去参加街头善款募集。(It)(汉译英)52．直到生病他才意识到不吃早饭的危害性。(It…notuntil…)（汉译英）53．谁该为昨晚发生的事故负责呢？(blame)（汉译英）54．看到那些人以牺牲生命为代价解救受困群众，我突然明白中华民族为什么会长盛不衰。(It)（汉译英）55．面对沪语的日渐式微，当代青少年倾向于选择新媒体而非传统传播渠道，来履行保护地方语言和传承海派文化的责任。(lean)(汉译英)六、阅读理解AustralianfilmstarHughJackmanexplainshowhisnowfilm,TheSon,haschangedhim,whichiscriticaltohislife.Jackmanhasneverfullymanagedacharacterlikehisnowfilm,TheSon.Itisbasedona2018playbyFlorianZeller,whopreviouslyenteredthefilmindustrywithanotherwork,TheFather.WhilethisinvolvesAlzheimer’s,itlooksatanothermentalhealthissue.JackmanplaysPeter,aworkaholicdivorceewhoseworldfallsapartwhenhisadolescentsonbeginstosufferfromdepression.Jackman’sperformancedeservesasecondOscarnominationinhiscareer.“IthinkwhatinterestsmemostaboutPeteristhatit’simportantforhimtofeellikeastrongandcapableperson,”Jackmansaid.“Andthatmakesitharderforhimtoadmitthatmaybehe’snotequippedandmaybehedoesn’tknowwhattodo.Someoftheguiltofleavinghome,whichisnotresolved,makeshimmoredeterminedtobetheonewhocansolvetheproblem,tosavehisson—tobeafatherwhosefatherisnot.”TosaythatthefilmgoesdeepintoJackman’sskinisanunderstatement.“Ithinkitstillworksinmebecausewetalkaboutit,reliveitandunderstandit,”headmitted.“WhenIwatchit,Ifindmyselfveryemotional.I’mnotjusttalkingaboutstories.Ithinkit’saprocessthatrequiresajotoftrustandrevelation(揭露).”Jackmanadmitsthefilmchangedhisattitudetowardsmentalhealth.Hebeganreceivingtreatmentduringfilming—anindoorcleanupthatmostmiddle—agedpeoplecanprobablydo.Italsoreshapedhisownrelationshipwithhischildren.Jackmanandhiswifeadoptedason,Oscar(now22)anddaughter,Ava(17).“I’venotbeenthesamesinceImadethisfilm,”hesaid.“I’mmoreopenaboutmyweaknesswiththem,withmykids.”56．WhatcanwelearnaboutJackmanaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Heisaworkaholicdivorce.B．Hissonsuffersfromdepression.C．HeenteredthefilmindustrywithTheFather.D．HecompletelyhandledthecharacterinTheSon.57．WhydoesJackmanfeelinterestedaboutthecharacterPeter?A．BecausethecharacterPeterisstrongandcapable.B．BecausethecharacterPetersuffersinnerstruggle.C．BecausethecharacterPetercanhelphimwinanOscarnomination.D．BecauselikethecharacterPeter,heisalsoguiltyofleavinghome.58．Howdidthefilm,TheSon,influenceJackman?A．Hepaidmoreattentiontohisownmentalhealth.B．Hespentmoretimeonthecleaningofhishome.C．Hedecidedtoadoptasonandadaughter.D．Hecouldaccepthischildren’sweaknessbetter.59．Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A．Asciencereport. B．Amuseumguide.C．Anentertainmentmagazine. D．Ahistorytextbook.LookatyourmodernTV,andyouseenothinglessthanatechnologicalmiracle.Scientistsbeganexperimentingwiththeconceptoftelevisionmorethanacenturyago.Butdecadeswouldpassbeforeitwasbroughttothepublicatthe1939World’sFair.MoretimepassedbeforeTVsetswereinstores—andeventhen,ittookawhileuntilmostpeoplehadone.Duringthe1950s,TVswereexpensive,screensweresmallandthepicturewasn’talwaysclear.Moreover,earlyprogramswereinblackandwhite;colorwasn’tinwideuseuntilthemid-1960s.Viewersdidn’thavealotofchoice,either.Insteadofhundredsofchannelstochoosefrom,mostcitiesofferedonlythreeorfour.EarlyTVsworkedwiththeuseofanalog(模拟的)signals.