陕西省宝鸡市岐山县高二下学期期末考试英语试题

2022-2023学年度第二学期期末质量检测高二英语试卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inasupermarket.B.Inthepostoffice.C.Inthestreet.2.WhatdidCarldo?A.Hedesignedamedal.B.HefixedaTVset.C.Hetookatest.3.Whatdoesthemando?A.He’satailor.B.He’sawaiter.C.He’sashopassistant.4.Whenwilltheflightarrive?A.At18:20.B.At18:35.C.At18:50.5.Howcanthemanimprovehisarticle?A.Bydeletingunnecessarywords.B.Byaddingacoupleofpoints.C.Bycorrectinggrammarmistakes.第二节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.WhatdoesBilloftendoonFridaynight?A.Visithisparents.B.Gotothemovies.C.WalkalongBroadway.7.Whowatchesmusicalplaysmostoften?A.Bill.B.Sarah.C.Bill’sparents.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.WhydoesDavidwanttospeaktoMike?A.Toinvitehimtoaparty.B.Todiscussaschedule.C.Tocalloffameeting.9.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeakers?A.Theyarecolleagues.B.Theyareclosefriends.C.They’venevermetbefore.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10.Whatkindofcameradoesthemanwant?A.ATVcamera.B.Avideocamera.C.Amoviecamera.11.Whichfunctionisthemanmostinterestedin?A.Underwaterfilming.B.Alargememory.C.Auto-focus.12.Howmuchwouldthemanpayforthesecondcamera?A.950euros.B.650euros.C.470euros.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。13.WhoisClifford?A.Alittlegirl.B.Theman’spet.C.Afictionalcharacter.14.WhosuggestedthatNormanpaintforchildren’sbooks?A.Hiswife.B.Elizabeth.C.Apublisher.15.WhatisNorman’sstorybasedon?A.Abook.B.Apainting.C.Ayoungwoman.16.WhatisitthatshockedNorman?A.Hisunexpectedsuccess.B.Hiseffortsmadeinvain.C.Hiseditor’sdisagreement.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17Whowouldliketomakesmalltalkaccordingtothespeaker?A.Relatives.B.Strangers.C.Visitors.18.Whydopeoplehavesmalltalk?A.Toexpressopinions.B.Toavoidarguments.C.Toshowfriendliness.19.Whichofthefollowingisafrequenttopicinsmalltalk?A.Politics.B.Movies.C.Salaries.20.Whatdoesthespeakerrecommendattheendofhislecture?A.Askingopen-endedquestions.B.Feelingfreetochangetopics.C.Makingsmalltalkinteresting.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AChooseYourOne-Day-Tours!TourA-Bath&StonehengeincludingentrancefeestotheancientRomanbathroomsandStonehenge-￡37until26Marchand￡39thereafter.Visitthecitywithover2000yearsofhistoryandBathAbbey,theRoyalCrescentandtheCostumeMuseum,Stonehengeisoneoftheworld’smostfamousprehistoricmonumentsdatingbackover5,000years.TourB-Oxford&StratfordincludingentrancefeestotheUniversityStMary’sChurchTowerandAnneHathaway’s-￡32until12Marchand￡36thereafter.Oxford:IncludesaguidedtourofEngland’soldestuniversitycityandcolleges.Lookoverthe“cityofdreamingspires(尖顶）”fromStMary‘sChurchTower.Stratford:IncludesaguidedtourexploringmuchoftheShakespearewonder.TourC-WindsorCastle&HamptonCourt:includingentrancefeestoHamptonCourtPalace-￡34until11Marchand￡37thereafter.IncludesaguidedtourofWindsorandHamptonCourt,HenryVILL’sfavoritepalace.FreetimetovisitWindsorCastle(entrancefeesnotincluded).With500yearsofhistory,HamptonCourtwasoncethehomeoffourKingsandoneQueen.Nowthisformerroyalpalaceisopentothepublicasamajortouristattraction.Visitthepalaceanditsvarioushistoricgardens,whichincludethefamousmaze(迷宫)whereitiseasytogetlost!TourD–CambridgeincludingentrancefeestotheTowerofSaintMarytheGreat-￡33until18Marchand￡37thereafter.IncludesaguidedtourofCambridge,thefamousuniversitytown,andthegardensofthe18thcentury.1.WhichtourwillyouchooseifyouwanttoseeEngland’soldestuniversitycity?A.TourA B.TourBC.TourC D.TourD2.Whichofthefollowingtourschargesthelowestfeeon17March?A.WindsorCastle&HamptonCourt B.Oxford&StratfordC.Bath&Stonehenge D.Cambridge3.WhyisHamptonCourtamajortouristattraction?A.Itusedtobethehomeofroyalfamilies B.Itusedtobeawell-knownmazeC.ItistheoldestpalaceinBritain D.Itisaworld-famouscastle【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了四个一日游项目，包括参观景点、费用等细节信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据TourB中的Oxford:IncludesaguidedtourofEngland’soldestuniversitycityandcolleges可知，TourB中包括英国历史最悠久的大学城和学院，故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。比较四个一日游中的17March这一天的价格可知，TourD中的Cambridge中的￡33最便宜，故选D。该题容易误选B项，但根据TourB-Oxford&StratfordincludingentrancefeestotheUniversityStMary’sChurchTowerandAnneHathaway’s-￡32until12Marchand￡36thereafter.可知，12号之前是￡32，之后是￡36。所以不选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据TourC中的With500yearsofhistory,HamptonCourtwasoncethehomeoffourKingsandoneQueen可知，汉普顿宫曾是4个国王和一个女王的家，有着500多年的历史，也就是皇室的家，故选A。BWhenIwasateenager,Iknewnothingaboutmentalhealth.Ifyoutalkedabout“safespaces”,I’dthinkthatyoumeantabank.What’smore,Ididn’tcareaboutmentalhealth.WhywouldI?AsDadusedtosay,“Ifitisn’tbroken,don’tfixit!”Butunfortunatelymymentalhealthdid“break”.Iwasdiagnosed(诊断)asseriouslyclinicallyanorexic(厌食的)atage23.Ihadimmediatetreatmentinhospital,whichlastedtwoandahalfyears.Peoplealwayswonderwhathelpedmerecoverandthekeywassimple:comedy(喜剧).I’maprofessionalstand-upcomic.Comedybeganasmyhobbyandhasprogressedintoajob.Theword“comedy”isbelievedtocomefromtheAncientGreekkōmosmeaning“toreveal”,whosejobistoreveal,explainandunderstandthings.ThiswassomethingIturnedtowhenIwasinrecoveryfromanorexia.I’dneverbeenabletoexplainwhatgoingoninsidemyhead;tryingtoexplainwhat’sgoingoninyourmindisliketryingtoexplainacolortosomeonewho’sblind.Sohumourbecameawayofunderstandingthingsandthenawayofexplainingthem.DrDieterDeclercq,LecturerinFilmattheUniversityofKent,believes“Humorcanchangeouropinionsonadifficultsituation”.However,headdscarefullythat“WeshouldavoidjudgmentslikeAllhumourisgoodforyou.”InhisnewbookSatire,ComedyandMentalHealth,helooksathowcomedycanbeusedasamentalhealthmethod.Enjoyedwithothers,itisimportantforgoodmentalhealthandrecovery.Stand-upcomedywasimportanttomyrecovery.IknowI’mnotaloneinthat.SoIwanttopaythatforwardandshowotherpeopleyourmentalhealthdoesn’thavetobe“broken”beforeyoucan“fixit”.4.Howdidtheauthortreattheissueofmentalhealthasateenager?A.Shetookitseriously.B.Shewasconfidentofit.C.Shehatedtalkingaboutit.D.Shepaidnoattentiontoit.5.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?A.Explainhowcomedyhelps.B.Sharewhatshewentthrough.C.Statewherecomedycomesfrom.D.Showwhycomedyisacommonhobby.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4referto?A.Comedy. B.Film. C.Adifficultsituation. D.Thenewbook.7.Inwhichsectionofamagazineisthistextprobablyfrom?A.Health&Life. B.Man&Nature. C.Science&Technology. D.Society&Opinion.【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在青少年时期不在乎心理健康。当自己被诊断出有严重的厌食症之后，通过喜剧帮助作者治好了心理疾病，并呼吁大家重视心理健康。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“WhenIwasateenager,Iknewnothingaboutmentalhealth.(当我还是个青少年的时候，我对心理健康一无所知)”以及“What’smore,Ididn’tcareaboutmentalhealth.(更重要的是，我不在乎心理健康)”可知，作者在青少年事情对于心理健康一无所知，并且毫不在乎。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ThiswassomethingIturnedtowhenIwasinrecoveryfromanorexia.I’dneverbeenabletoexplainwhatgoingoninsidemyhead;tryingtoexplainwhat’sgoingoninyourmindisliketryingtoexplainacolortosomeonewho’sblind.Sohumourbecameawayofunderstandingthingsandthenawayofexplainingthem.(这是我从厌食症中恢复时的想法。我一直无法解释我脑子里在想什么；试图解释你脑子里在想什么就像试图向盲人解释颜色一样。所以幽默成为理解事物的一种方式，然后成为解释事物的一种方式)”可知，作者讲述了在从厌食症恢复的过程中，喜剧所产生的幽默可以帮助他理解周围的事物，并成为解释事物的一种方式。由此推知，本段主要介绍了喜剧是如何帮助作者走出厌食症的。故选A。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据所猜词前一句“helooksathowcomedycanbeusedasamentalhealthmethod(他探讨了如何将喜剧作为一种心理健康的方法)”可知，德克勒克博士探讨了将喜剧作为心理健康的方法。再结合下一句“itisimportantforgoodmentalhealthandrecovery(这对良好的心理健康和恢复很重要)”可知德克勒克博士认为喜剧对良好的心理健康和恢复很重要。由此推知，所猜词it指代的为上文所出现的喜剧。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Stand-upcomedywasimportanttomyrecovery.IknowI’mnotaloneinthat.SoIwanttopaythatforwardandshowotherpeopleyourmentalhealthdoesn’thavetobe“broken”beforeyoucan“fixit”.(单口喜剧对我的康复很重要。我知道有这种想法的不止我一个人。所以，我想要继续付出，向其他人展示，你的心理健康并不一定要“崩溃”，你才能“修复它”。)”可知，本文作者以亲身经历介绍了喜剧对于心理健康的作用。由此推知，本文应该选自于健康与生命。故选A。CWhenmostpeoplehearthewords“BigBen”theyimmediatelythinkoftheattractiveVictorianGothicstructureoftheclocktowerofthePalaceofWestminster.Let’sclearupacommonmisunderstandingfirst;technicallyspeaking,thename“BigBen”doesnotrefertothefamoustower,nortothefourhugeclockfacesofthisLondonlandmark;instead,itreferstothelargestoneofthefivebellsinsidetheclocktower.ConstructionofthetowerwasbegunfollowingthedisastrousfirewhichdestroyedtheoldPalaceofWestminsterin1834.CharlesBarrywasresponsibleforrebuildingthePalace,andhisdesignsincludedaclocktower.Ittook16yearstobuildtheclocktowerofthePalaceofWestminsteranditwascompletedin1859.Thetoweris316feethigh.Thespireofthetowerisbuiltwithanironframe,anditisthisframewhichsupportstheweightofthebells.Severalsmallroomsarebuiltintothelowerpartofthetower,includingasmallprisoncell.TheironframeoftheclockfacewasdesignedbyAWPugin,whowasresponsibleformanyoftheGothicdecorativeelementsofthePalaceofWestminster.Thedialsare23feetindiameterandthefacesthemselvesarenotsolid,butaremadeupofmanysmallpiecesofopalglass,likeaglasswindow.Severalofthecentralpiecesofglasscanberemovedtomakeiteasierforpeopletocheckthehandsoftheclockfrominside.Atthetimeofitsconstructiontheclockmovementwaseasilythelargestintheworld,anditisstillamongthelargesttoday.Theclock,designedbyEdmundBeckettDenison,hasproventobeveryaccurateovertheyears.BigBen—thehourbell—issaidtohavebeennamedafterSirBenjaminHall,whowasknownforhisgreatsize,asisthebell!ThefirstBigBenhourbellwascompletedbeforethetower,sothebellwashunginNewPalaceYard.Afterrepeatedpublicringingthebellcrackedandhadtobereplacedbythecurrentbell.8.Thename“BigBen”actuallyrefersto____.A.thefamoustower B.thehugeclockfacesC.thebiggestbellinside D.thedesignerofthetower9.Fromthetext,weknowthattheclocktower___________.A.wasdesignedbyEdmundBeckettDenison B.wasbuiltin1844C.ismorethan300feethigh D.hasnoroomsinit10.Whatisthebenefitoftheopalglassclockfaces?A.Opalglassischeaperthansolidmaterials. B.Thehugebodymakesitmucheasiertosee.C.Theglassissolidenough. D.Piecesofglasscanberemovedtocheckthehands.11.Fromthetext,wecaninferthat________.A.SirBenjaminHallwasafamousarchitect B.thefirsthourbellhasworkedtillnowC.thebellsarehunginsidethespireofthetower D.theclockisnotaccuratenow【答案】8.C9.C10.D11.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的大本钟，分别从钟楼和钟的建造等方面详细介绍了大本钟。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Let’sclearupacommonmisunderstandingfirst;technicallyspeaking,thename“BigBen”doesnotrefertothefamoustower,nortothefourhugeclockfacesofthisLondonlandmark;instead,itreferstothelargestoneofthefivebellsinsidetheclocktower.”可知让我们先澄清一个常见的误解；严格地说，“大本钟”这个名字并不是指这座著名的塔，也不是指这个伦敦地标的四个巨大的钟面；相反，它指的是钟楼里五个钟中最大的一个。由此可知，“大本钟”这个名字实际上指的是里面最大的钟。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thetoweris316feethigh.”可知钟楼高316英尺。由此可知，钟楼有300多英尺高。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Thedialsare23feetindiameterandthefacesthemselvesarenotsolid,butaremadeupofmanysmallpiecesofopalglass,likeaglasswindow.Severalofthecentralpiecesofglasscanberemovedtomakeiteasierforpeopletocheckthehandsoftheclockfrominside.”可知刻度盘直径为23英尺，表盘本身并不是实心的，而是由许多小块乳浊玻璃组成，就像一扇玻璃窗。中央的几块玻璃可以被移除，这样人们从里面检查时钟的指针就更容易了。由此可知，乳浊玻璃时钟面的好处是可以拆下玻璃检查指针。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thespireofthetowerisbuiltwithanironframe,anditisthisframewhichsupportstheweightofthebells.”可知钟楼的塔尖是用铁框架建造的，正是这个框架支撑着钟的重量。由此可推知，钟挂在钟楼的塔尖里。故选C。DConversationgoesfarbeyondtalking.Italsoinvolves,asSwedishauthorAnnikaThorhaswritten,“eyes,smiles,thesilencesbetweenthewords.”Whenthoseelementsareputtogether,conversationalpartnersfeelmostdeeplyengagedandconnected.Dart-mouthCollegeneuroscientistshavetakenthatideaandcarriedittonewplaces.Theyreportsomesurprisingfindingsontheinteractionbetweeneyecontactandhowtwopeoplesynchronize(使同步)neural(神经的)activitywhiletalking.Theresearcherssuggestthatbeingintunewithaconversationalpartnerisgood—butthatoccasionallyfallingoutofsyncmightbeevenbetter.Maintainingeyecontacthaslongbeenthoughttoactasthegluethatconnectstwopeopleinconversation.Similarly,thegrowingstudyofneuralsynchronyhaslargelyfocusedonthewayconsistenceinindividuals’brainactivitybenefitsthesocialconnectionbetweenthem.EarlierresearchbytheDartmouthlabhadshowedthatsynchronizedpupildilation(瞳孔扩张)servesasareliableindicatorofsharedattention,whichinturnmarksgreaterneuralsynchrony.Inthenewstudy,whichmeasuredpupildilationduringunstructured10-minuteconversations,theresearchersfoundthattheinitialmomentofeyecontact—ratherthanacontinuingperiodoflockedstares—marksapeakinsharedattention.Synchrony,infact,dropssharplyjustafteryoulookintoyourpartner’seyesandbeginstorecoveronlywhenyouandthatpersonlookawayfromeachother.“Eyecontactisnotbringingsynchrony;it’sdisturbingit,”saysThaliaWheatley,thepaper’sseniorauthor.Whywouldthishappen?Wheatleyclaimsthatmakingandbreakingeyecontactultimatelydrivestheconversationforward.“Perhapswhatthisisdoingisallowingustobreaksynchronyandmovebackintoourownheadssothatwecanbringforthnewandindividualcontributionstokeeptheconversationgoing,”Wohltjensays.Connectionsbetweenstareandsynchronymightberelevanttoresearchinmentaldisordersthatinvolveuntypicalinteraction.Thefindingsalsohelpexplainfrustrationsovervideo-conferencingplatforms,whererealeyecontactisnearlyimpossibletomakeorbreakbecauseofthepositioningofcamerasandwindowsonscreens.12.WhatdotheDartmouthCollegeneuroscientistsfind?A.Peopletendtosynchronizewhiletalking. B.Occasionalabsenceofsynccanbebetter.C.Eyecontactdrawspeopletoconversations. D.Thesilencesbetweenthewordsworkwonders.13.Whendoessharedattentionreachthehighest?A.Atthebeginningofeyecontact. B.After10minutes’lockedstares.C.Inthemiddleoftheconversation. D.Beforelookingawayfromeachother.14.WhatdoesWohltjenthinkofbreakingsynchrony?A.Itdisturbsratherthanbringssynchrony. B.Itoftenresultsincommunicationbarriers.C.Itisareliableindicatorofsharedattention. D.Itaddsfreshthoughtstotheconversation.15.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellusabouttheresearch?A.Itssignificance. B.Itsshortcomings. C.Itschallenges. D.Itscomplexity.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员发现与谈话对象保持步调一致是件好事，但偶尔不同步可能会更好。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Theresearcherssuggestthatbeingintunewithaconversationalpartnerisgood—butthatoccasionallyfallingoutofsyncmightbeevenbetter.(研究人员认为，与谈话对象保持步调一致是件好事，但偶尔不同步可能会更好。)”可知，达特茅斯学院(DartmouthCollege)的神经学家发现，偶尔不同步会更好。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Inthenewstudy,whichmeasuredpupildilationduringunstructured10-minuteconversations,theresearchersfoundthattheinitialmomentofeyecontact—ratherthanacontinuingperiodoflockedstares—marksapeakinsharedattention.(在这项新的研究中，研究人员测量了10分钟无组织的交谈中瞳孔的扩张情况，发现最初的眼神交流——而不是持续的凝视——标志着共同注意力的高峰。)”可知，在目光接触开始时，共同的注意力达到最高。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段““Perhapswhatthisisdoingisallowingustobreaksynchronyandmovebackintoourownheadssothatwecanbringforthnewandindividualcontributionstokeeptheconversationgoing,”Wohltjensays.(Wohltjen说：“也许这能让我们打破同步，回到我们自己的头脑中，这样我们就能提出新的个人贡献，让对话继续下去。”)”可知，他认为打破同步性会给谈话增加新的想法。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Connectionsbetweenstareandsynchronymightberelevanttoresearchinmentaldisordersthatinvolveuntypicalinteraction.Thefindingsalsohelpexplainfrustrationsovervideo-conferencingplatforms,whererealeyecontactisnearlyimpossibletomakeorbreakbecauseofthepositioningofcamerasandwindowsonscreens.(凝视和同步之间的联系可能与涉及非典型互动的精神障碍的研究有关。这些发现也有助于解释人们对视频会议平台的不满，由于摄像头和屏幕上的窗户的位置，在视频会议平台上，真正的眼神交流几乎不可能产生或中断。)”第一句中的berelevantto“对……有价值、有意义的”和第二句中的alsohelp“也有助于……”可知，最后一段主要告诉我们这个研究地重要性。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。Healthisthemostimportantthingintheworld.Nothingismoreimportantthanhealth.Ifwetakeawayourmoney,houses,orevenourclothes,wecanstillsurvive.___16___Thatiswhywealwaystrytoeatinahealthywayandexerciseregularly.Howcanwekeephealthy?InordertoeathealthilyIusuallyavoideatingfoodhighinfat,likeFrenchfriesorcookies,whicharejunkfood.___17___Ieatalotofvegetablesandfreshfruitswhicharefullofvitamins.___18___Takingexerciseeverydayhelpsusbuildastrongbody.Regularexerciseisanimportantpartofkeepingmehealthy.What’smore,Ithinkfriendsareanimportantpartofone’shealth.___19___IalwaysfeelbetterwhenIamwithfriendsthanwhenIamalone.WhenIamwithfriends,Ialwayslaugh.Laughingisalsoanimportantpartofhealth.It’sgoodtostaywithmyfriends.Byeatingproperlyandexercisingregularly,Icankeepmymindaswellasmybodyhappy.Thesethingssoundeasytodo,butnotmanypeoplecanmanagethem.___20___A.Ionlyeatlittlemeat.B.Ontheotherhand,doingexerciseisveryimportant.C.Somepeopleappearfatbecausetheyofteneattoomuch.D.Ithinkastrongwillisnecessaryifwewanttokeephealthy.E.Butifourhealthistakenaway,itiscertainthatwewoulddie.F.Therearesomepeoplewholikestayingalone,buttheykeephealthy.G.Manystudiesshowthatpeoplewhohaveawiderangeofsocialcontactgetsicklessthanthosewhodon’t.【答案】16.E17.A18.B19.G20.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了健康的重要性以及保持健康的方法。【16题详解】根据上文“Ifwetakeawayourmoney,houses,orevenourclothes,wecanstillsurvive.(如果我们拿走我们的钱，房子，甚至我们的衣服，我们仍然可以生存)”及下文“Thatiswhywealwaystrytoeatinahealthywayandexerciseregularly.(这就是为什么我们总是试图以健康的方式饮食和经常锻炼)”可推知，此处应在讲如果我们没有了健康呢，我们会走向死亡。由此可知，E.Butifourhealthistakenaway,itiscertainthatwewoulddie.(但是，如果我们的健康被带走，我们肯定会死)符合题意。故选E。【17题详解】根据上文“Inordertoeathealthily,Iusuallyavoideatingfoodhighinfat,likeFrenchfriesorcookies,whicharejunkfood.(为了吃得健康，我通常避免吃高脂肪的食物，像炸薯条或饼干，这是垃圾食品)”可知，此处在讲如何保持健康饮食。由此可知，A.Ionlyeatlittlemeat.(我只吃一点点肉)正是一种健康饮食的方式，符合题意。故选A。【18题详解】根据下文“Takingexerciseeverydayhelpsusbuildastrongbody.Regularexerciseisanimportantpartofkeepingmehealthy.(每天锻炼有助于我们建立一个强壮的身体。有规律的锻炼是保持健康的一个重要部分)”可知，此处主要讲述锻炼对健康也是很重要的。由此可知，B.Ontheotherhand,doingexerciseisveryimportant.(另一方面，锻炼很重要)符合题意。故选B。【19题详解】根据下文“IalwaysfeelbetterwhenIamwithfriendsthanwhenIamalone.WhenIamwithfriends,Ialwayslaugh.Laughingisalsoanimportantpartofhealth.It’sgoodtostaywithmyfriends.(更重要的是，我认为朋友是一个人的健康的重要组成部分。和朋友在一起总比一个人的时候感觉好。当我和朋友在一起时，我总是笑。笑也是健康的重要组成部分。和我的朋友呆在一起真好)”可知，此处主要讲述的是交际是保持健康的重要方式。由此可知，G.Manystudiesshowthatpeoplewhohaveawiderangeofsocialcontactgetsicklessthanthosewhodon’t.(研究表明，拥有广泛社会联系的人比那些没有广泛社会联系的人更不容易生病)符合题意。故选G。【20题详解】根据上文“Thesethingssoundeasytodo,butnotmanypeoplecanmanagethem.(这些事情听起来很容易做到，但没有多少人能够做到它们)”可推知，要做到这些事情，需要有坚强的意志。由此可知，D.Ithinkastrongwillisnecessaryifwewanttokeephealthy.(我认为如果我们想保持健康，坚强的意志是必要的)符合语境。故选D。第三部分完形填空(共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入空白处的最佳选项。ThomasEdisontriedtwothousanddifferentmaterialstomakethelightbulb.Whennoneworkedsuccessfully,hisassistantcomplained,“Allourworkis____21____vain.Wehavelearnednothing.”ThomasEdisonrepliedvery____22____,“Oh,wehavecomealongwayandwehave____23____alot.Wenowknowthattherearetwothousandmaterialswhichwecannot____24____tomakeagoodlightbulb.”Ifyoulearnfromyourmistakes,thenyouare____25____.Ifyoulearnfromsomeoneelse’smistakes,thenyouareagenius.Successisnothingmorethanafewsimpledisciplines____26____dailyandfailureisnothingmorethanafewsmall____27____repeateddaily.How____28____theabovelinesare!Successtakes____29____.We’llmakemistakes____30____wedothingsintoomuchofahurry.Whenwedonotpracticedisciplinesinlife,wedon’tbuildenoughconfidenceto____31____newandchallengingtaskswhichareimportantandmatterinlife.Ourconfidence____32____whatwethinkofourselvesandwhetherwebelieveinourselves.Weareallbornwithexceptional____33____,butonlyafewreally____34____theirtruepotentialsandmakeeffortsinlifeandtheothersjustleada(n)____35____life.Doyouwanttobeexceptional?Successisafruitwhicheveryonewantsto____36____,butitisnotfoundeverywhereandnoonecan____37____itwithoutseriousefforts.Thosewhowanttosucceedwillfindaway;thosewhodon’twillfinda(n)____38____!Successdependsonprevious____39____,andwithoutitwewillendinfailure.Whenyouare____40____,pleaseenjoyitandgiveyourhandtootherswhowanttoaccomplishsomething.?21.A.with B.in C.on D.at22.A.confidently B.madly C.carelessly D.angrily23.A.remembered B.refused C.learned D.ordered24.A.test B.ignore C.invent D.use25.A.healthy B.enthusiastic C.intelligent D.generous26.A.shown B.prevented C.recorded D.practised27.A.errors B.machines C.jobs D.steps28.A.common B.strange C.familiar D.true29.A.effect B.time C.drugs D.roles30.A.asthough B.sothat C.unless D.if31.A.keep B.attempt C.give D.see32.A.dependson B.setsaside C.turnsdown D.setsup33.A.appearance B.experiences C.qualities D.feelings34.A.own B.realize C.provide D.research35.A.active B.hard C.rich D.average36A.sell B.draw C.eat D.praise37.A.achieve B.watch C.offer D.recognize38.A.story B.excuse C.key D.plan39.A.preparation B.influence C.life D.generation40.A.powerful B.wonderful C.successful D.hopeful【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.C26.D27.A28.D29.B30.D31.B32.A33.C34.B35.D36.C37.A38.B39.A40.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成功的根本原因。【21题详解】考查固定短语。句意：当没有一个成功时，他的助手抱怨说:“我们所有的工作都是徒劳的。我们什么也没学到。”处于……中；在……上；D.at在。根据前文的“Whennoneworkedsuccessfully”可知，制造灯泡的方法没有一个成功，工作都是徒劳的。invain意为“徒劳，白费力气”，为固定短语。故选B项。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：托马斯·爱迪生非常自信地回答说:“哦，我们已经走了很长一段路，也学到了很多东西。我们现在知道有两千种材料不能用来制造一个好的灯泡。”A.confidently自信地；B.madly疯狂地；C.carelessly漫不经心；D.angrily愤怒地。根据后文的“Oh,wehavecomealongwayandwehave3alot.Wenowknowthattherearetwothousandmaterialswhichwecannot4tomakeagoodlightbulb.”可知，爱迪生讲述出了实验的收获，故他非常自信回答助手。故选A项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：托马斯·爱迪生非常自信地回答说:“哦，我们已经走了很长一段路，也学到了很多东西。我们现在知道有两千种材料不能用来制造一个好的灯泡。”A.remembered记住；B.refused拒绝；C.learned学会；D.ordered命令。根据后文的“Wenowknowthattherearetwothousandmaterialswhichwecannot4tomakeagoodlightbulb.”可知，爱迪生认为通过实验知道有两千种材料不能用来制造一个好的灯泡，学到了很多东西。故选C项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：A.test测试；B.ignore忽略；C.invent发明；D.use使用。根据前文的“ThomasEdisontriedtwothousanddifferentmaterialstomakethelightbulb.Whennoneworkedsuccessfully”可知，这些材料都不能用来制造一个好的灯泡。故选D项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你能从错误中吸取教训，那么你就是聪明的。A.healthy健康的；B.enthusiastic热情的；C.intelligent聪明的；D.generous慷慨的。根据后文的“Ifyoulearnfromsomeoneelse’smistakes,thenyouareagenius.”可知，如果你能从别人的错误中学习，那么你就是天才；如果你能从自己的错误中学习，那么你就是聪明的。故选C项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：成功只不过是每天实践的一些简单的行为准则，失败只不过是每天重复的一些小错误。A.shown显示；B.prevented阻止；C.recorded记录；D.practised练习。根据后文的“Whenwedonotpracticedisciplinesinlife,wedon’tbuildenoughconfidenceto11newandchallengingtasks”可知，当我们在生活中不实践行为准则，我们就无法建立足够的信心来完成新的和具有挑战性的任务，所以成功只不过是每天练习的一些简单的行为准则。故选D项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功只不过是每天实践的一些简单的行为准则，失败只不过是每天重复的一些小错误。A.errors错误；B.machines机器；C.jobs工作；D.steps步骤。根据前文的“failureisnothingmorethanafewsmall”可知，犯错误就会导致失败，故失败就是重复一些错误。故选A项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：以上几句话是多么正确啊！A.common普通的；B.strange奇怪的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.true正确的。根据后文的“Whenwedonotpracticedisciplinesinlife,wedon’tbuildenoughconfidenceto11newandchallengingtaskswhichareimportantandmatterinlife.”可知，作者认为第二段中的话非常正确。故选D项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功需要时间。A.effect效果；B.time时间；C.drugs药物；D.roles作用。根据后文的“We’llmakemistakes10wedothingsintoomuchofahurry.”可知，如果我们做事太匆忙，就会犯错误，所以成功需要时间。故选B项。【30题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果我们做事太匆忙，就会犯错误。A.asthough好像；B.sothat因此；C.unless除非；D.if如果。根据后文的“wedothingsintoomuchofahurry.”可知，这是一种假设，如果发生就会造成犯错误的结果。故选D项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们在生活中不实践行为准则时，我们就没有足够的信心去尝试生活中重要的、有挑战性的新任务。A.keep保留；B.attempt尝试；C.give给予；D.see看。根据前文的“newandchallengingtasks”可知，想要成功的话有挑战性的新任务是需要在生活中尝试的。故选B项。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们的信心取决于我们对自己的看法以及我们是否相信自己。A.dependson取决于；B.setsaside搁置；C.turnsdown拒绝；D.setsup设置。根据后文的“whatwethinkofourselvesandwhetherwebelieveinourselves.”以及“Weareallbornwithexceptional13,butonlyafewreally14theirtruepotentialsandmakeeffortsinlife”可知，我们人生来都有过人之处，但只有少数人真正发挥了自己的潜力，并在生活中做出了努力，可见信心取决于自己对自己的评价。故选A项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都天生具有非凡的品质，但只有少数人真正意识到他们真正的潜力，并在生活中努力，其他人只是过着平凡的生活。A.appearance外表；B.experiences经历；C.qualities品质；D.feelings感情。根据前文的“butonlyafewreally14theirtruepotentials”可知，只有少数人真正发挥了自己的潜力，其实我们都天生具有非凡的品质。故选C项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都天生具有非凡的品质，但只有少数人真正意识到他们真正的潜力，并在生活中努力，其他人只是过着平凡的生活。A.own拥有；B.realize意识到；C.provide提供；D.research研究。根据前文的“Weareallbornwithexceptional13butonlyafewreally”和后文的“theirtruepotentials”可知，我们都天生具有非凡的品质，只有少数人真正意识到他们真正的潜力。故选B项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都天生具有非凡的品质，但只有少数人真正意识到他们真正的潜力，并在生活中努力，其他人只是过着普通的生活。A.active活跃的；B.hard坚硬的；C.rich富有的；D.average一般的，普通的。根据前文的“butonlyafewreally14the