词汇与语法第5讲(虚拟语气-倒装句)课件

词汇与语法

第5讲

虚拟语气&倒装句--虚拟语气在学位英语考试中的具体体现：1.虚拟条件句;2.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用;--1.虚拟条件句:虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句;与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句;与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。--虚拟条件句--例句：1.表示与现在事实相反IfIhadenoughmoneynow，Iwouldlendittoyou.IfIwereyou，Iwouldgototellhimtherealfeelinguponhim.2.表示与过去事实相反Ifhehadtakenyouradvice，hewouldn'thavemadesuchabadmistake.Shewouldhavecometoenjoythepartyifshehadn'tbeenverybusy.--3.表示与将来事实相反IwouldgoshoppingwithyouifitweretobeSundaytomorrow.

Ifheweretobegivenanotherchancetodoitagain，hecouldcertainlyachievemore.--考试可能会涉及：虚拟条件句的倒装

为了强调语气，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：

IfIhadbeeninthatsituation，Iwouldnothaveletthethiefescapeawaywithsomuchmoney.HadIbeeninthatsituation，Iwouldnothaveletthethiefescapeawaywithsomuchmoney.Shouldtherebeadrought，whatshouldwedoatthattime？Ifthereshouldbe

adrought，whatshouldwedoatthattime？--虚拟条件句中的一些含蓄表达有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：otherwise，without，butfor）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：

Butforthehelpfromyou，Iwouldnothavehadthechancetogotocollege.

Withoutmanyteachers’advice,Icouldnothavepassedtheexaminationsoquickly.--虚拟语气在从句中的运用

在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。一、should类这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should+动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：--1.在suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：MikesuggeststhatCurieshouldleavethehouseatonce.Theleaderorderedthatthetask（should）befinishedassoonaspossible.Jackproposedthatwe（should）dealwiththeproblembytheviewofdevelopment.--2.与suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：

Thegeneralsenttheorderthatthebattle（should）beheldonuntilthecompletefailureoftheenemy.

Myproposalisthatwe（should）setadeadlineforhandingintheplan.--3.在Itis/wassuggested（ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：

It'srequestedthatwe（should）keepthestabilityofthesocietyforthepeople'speacefullife.

Itisnecessarythatthebadlywoundedman（should）betreatedimmediately.--

虚拟语气在从句中的运用

二、过去时态类

英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。1.wish，wouldrather

后的宾语从句。

Hewishedhehadneverbeeninvolvedinsuchaffairs.Vivianwishesshecouldgetthejobsoon.Iwouldratheryoucouldteachmeagain.

--2.Itis（about/high）timethat…句型

Itistimewewentoutforawalk.

Itwashightimetheyhadbeguntopreparetheexperiment.

Itisabouttimewegaveupsearchingforthemissingdog.--

3.asif，asthough引导的从句。如：

Thelittleboyknowssomanythingsasifhewasaman.

Heactedasusualasthoughnothinghadhappened.

4.由ifonly

（要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：

IfonlyIhadpassedthetest！

Ifonlyitstoppedraining！--TomSmithwishedthathisparents_____inthestrickenareawhentheearthquakeoccurred.A.werenotB.arenotC.havenotbeenD.hadnotbeen答案：D(2005学位真题)Theproposalthatbusinesscompanies_____guidedbyprofessionalsfortheirnewschemeofdevelopmentswasacceptedwithoutdisagreement.A.beB.areC.wasD.were答案：A(2005学位真题)虚拟语气真题回顾--ProfessorWangsaidthathewouldratherhisstudentJane____totheconference.A.goB.wentC.goneD.going答案：B(2005学位真题)IfI____abookonthehabitsofmice,I’dnotstartworkingwithoutsufficientobservationonthem.A.weretowriteB.havewrittenC.writeD.amwriting答案：A(2005学位真题)虚拟语气真题回顾--_____,thepolicewouldhavecaughtthecriminalearlier.A.HadtheyreceivedtheclueintimeB.IftheyreceivedtheclueintimeC.TheyhavereceivedtheclueintimeD.Didtheyreceivetheclueintime答案：A(2005学位真题)_______theinterferencefromthelocalresidents,thedelegationwouldhavecaughtthetrainboundforEdinburgh.A.DuetoB.ExceptforC.IncaseofD.Butfor答案：D(2005学位真题)虚拟语气真题回顾--Alltheparticipantsbelievethatitishightimethatthetwoneighboringcountries____afreshroundofnegotiationregardingtheeconomiccooperation.A.startingB.startedC.havestartedD.beingstarting答案：B(2005学位真题)虚拟语气真题回顾--Thesuggestionthatcolleges_______administratedbyprofessorswasapprovedbytheboard.A.is B.are C.be D.were答案：C(2006学位真题)Theplayeraskedhe＿＿＿anopportunitytoexplainhiscase.A.gives B.begivenC.isgiven D.shouldgive答案：B(2007学位真题)虚拟语气真题回顾--虚拟语气真题回顾Thenewfindingsbytheresearchcrewsuggestedthatthegovernment’shousingplans_____notpracticable.A.beB.shouldbeC.wasD.were答案：D(2005学位真题)--Thechairmaninsistthatthere＿＿＿ameetingtobeheldwithintheshortestpossibletime.A.is B.willbeC.was D.be答案：D(2007学位真题)Mysuggestionwasthathe______theofferassoonaspossible.A.shouldtakeB.takesC.wouldtakeD.took答案：A(2007学位真题)虚拟语气真题回顾--Ifallthepeopleintheworldspokethesamelanguage,culturalandeconomicties_____bemuchcloseramongcountriesnow.A.willB.shouldC.shallD.would答案：D(2007学位真题)IwishI_____inthesunbyaswimmingpoolinsteadofsittinginthisclassroom.A.havelainB.werelyingC.layD.lie答案：B(2008学位真题)虚拟语气真题回顾--Itisessentialthatallthereportstobepublished_____twice.A.becheckedB.wouldbecheckedC.werecheckedD.willbechecked答案：A(2008学位真题)虚拟语气真题回顾--_____fortheirsupport,hewouldhavegonepenniless.A.IfitisnotB.IfitisC.WereitD.Wereitnot

答案：D(2009学位真题)Iarrivedlate;I_____thetraffictobesoheavythismorning.A.wasn’texpectingB.wouldn’texpectC.haven’texpectedD.hadn’texpected

答案：D(2009学位真题)虚拟语气真题回顾--Itishightimethattheinternationalcommunity______togethertofightagainstterrorism.workBworksC.workedD.working答案：C(2012学位真题)Thedemandmadebytheworkersisthattheirsalaries___tocovertheincreasedcostofliving.increasedB.beincreasedC.beincreasingD.wereincreased答案：B(2012学位真题)虚拟语气真题回顾--倒装句考点归纳--英语句子通常有两种语序：陈述语序、倒装语序。将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语序叫做倒装语序。倒装可分为二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫完全倒装；而只将be、情态动词或者助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装。学位考试考察的重点是部分倒装。--部分倒装--(1)Only在句首，修饰副词，介词词组或状语从句时1.Onlythendidhefinditimportanttogetalongwithothers.2.Onlyinthiswaycanwemakegreatprogress.3.Onlyafterhecamebackwereyouabletoseehim.以关联连词notonly...butalso开首的句子或者分句也是如此。Notonlydidtheybreakintohisoffice,buttheyalsodestroyhiscomputer.--(2)当句首状语为否定词或带有否定含义的词语时，常见的这类词或词语有not,never,hardly,seldom,rarely,scarcely以及notuntil,nosooner...than,hardly...when,...no...等。1.SeldomhadIseensuchabeautifulpicture.

2.HardlyhadIarrivedhomewhenthephonerang.

3.NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.

4.AtnotimehaveIsaidsuchathing.--Innocase_____belatefortheannualboardmeetingtobeheldnextFriday.A.shouldyouB.youshouldC.willyouD.youwill答案：A（2007学位英语真题）--Notuntilthemid-1950s____mostautomakersbeginofferingseatbeltsasoptionalsafetyfeatures.A.didB.hadC.doD.would答案：A(2008年学位英语真题)--Nosooner____thetopofthemountainthanitstartedrainingcatsanddogs.A.didtheclimbersreachedB.theclimbersreachedC.havetheclimbersreachedD.hadtheclimbersreached答案：D(2005年学位英语真题)--(3)在省去if的虚拟条件从句中。1.ShouldIbefreethisafternoon,Iwouldcomeandhelpyouwithyourlesson.(future)2.WereIinyourplace.Iwouldnotbefitforyourjob.（present）3.Haditnotbeenforthecaptain,theshipwouldhavesunkwithallonboard.（past）

--______,thepolicewouldhavecaughtthecriminalearlier.A.HadtheyreceivedtheclueintimeB.IftheyreceivedtheclueintimeC.TheyhavereceivedtheclueintimeD.Didtheyreceivetheclueintime答案：A(2005年学位英语真题)Ashisadvisor,Ibelievethatheisboundtoaccomplishmuchatyouruniversity＿＿hebeadmitted.A.might B.whetherC.had D.should答案：D（2007年学位英语真题）--(4)在So...that的句型中。

Soexcitedwashethathecouldn't’tsayaword.Sowarmistheweatherthatwedecidetogoshopping.

--ThoughIamalwaysfreeonSundays,Iseldomwatchtelevision._____.A.SodoesmysisterB.Mysisterdoesn’tC.MysisteristooD.Nordoesmysister答案：D(2007年学位英语真题)Asamatteroffact,ourlifestylesarechangingand＿＿ourbodieschanging.A.assuchB.sosuchC.suchasD.soare答案：D(2007年学位英语真题)注意以下考点：--(5)当So位于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或物）时。如：Hermotherisawarm-heartedoldlady,soismine.

在Soitis(was)with的句型或者当So表示“的确如此，确实是这样”，以示同意和肯定某种说法，或者加以强调时，常常不引起倒装。LiPingstudieshard,sohedoes.因此我们常常可看到下列这类句子。

YousayTomwenttotheballyesterday.Sohedid,andsodidI.--(6)当neither,nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物时

“Ididn'tmeanwhatIsaid,youknow.”

“Neither(Nor)didI”.

John‘snotbeentoLondon,neitherhasBen.

--（7）用于“形容词（或名词、动词）”+as(though)引导的让步状语从句中Prettyassheis,sheisnotclever.Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.Childashewas,hehadtomakealiving.注:从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词--____,Bobstillwentonwiththeexperiment.A.AshewastiredB.AswashetiredC.TiredashewasD.Astiredashe答案：C(2008年6月学位英语真题)--巧记倒装句

巧计倒装顺口溜①NB前倒后不，

②O,NU主倒从不倒，③2N前倒后也倒，④NM前后均不倒。--①NB代表Notonly…，butalso…引导的并列句。notonly位于句首时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒后不倒”。如：Notonlydidhecome，butalsohewasveryhappy．--②O代表only＋状语从句；NU代表Notuntil＋状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒”。如：1）OnlywhenhetoldmedidIknowit．2）NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted．Nosooner…than…,Hardly/Scarcely…when…等句型也属此类用法。如：Nosooner（Hardly）hadwereache