初中被动语态全

被动语态ThePassiveVoice

英语动词有两种语态：

主动语态

(theActiveVoice)

被动语态(thePassiveVoice)A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.注：后面能接宾语的动词vt才有被动语态(一)什么时候用被动语态:1.不知道谁是动作的执行者时2.没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时3.只需要强调动作的承受着时Theblouseismadeofsilk.Thezipperisoftenusedinourdailylife.IthinktheTVwasinventedafterthecar.be+

过去分词(二)被动语态最基本结构:有各种时态的变化,时态不同，结构不同1.一般现在时和一般过去式句子的被动语态：

People

grow

riceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrownbypeopleinthesouthofthecountry.Theschool

doesn'tallow

ustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacherbytheschool.

He

lost

hiskeyyesterday.Hiskeywaslostbyhimyesterday.归纳结构：主语+am/is/are/was/were

+PP主变被步骤:1.找宾语:即动作的承受者(改为主语)He

washed

hiscaryesterday.

Hiscar3.判断新主语的单复数:确定be动词的单复数.

be4.判断动词的时态:即be动词的时态.2.修改谓语的语态:即be+原V.过去分词

washed5.修改原句的主语:即by+主语(变宾格).

(byhim)

yesterday.iswaswasThey

make

thebikesinthefactory.

Thebikesinthefactory.aremadethembyPeople

grow

riceinthesouthofthecountry.He

lost

hiskeyyesterday.Theyplantedmanytreeslastyear.Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.1.ThisEnglishsong________bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung2.Why_______totalkaboutityesterday?

A.didn’tameetinghold B.wasn’tameetingheld

C.wasn’theldameeting D.ameetingwasn’theld3.I_______insummer.A.born B.wasborn C.havebeenborn D.amborn

4.ThePeople’sRepublicofChina_____onOctober1,1949.FoundB.wasfounded C.isfoundedD.wasfound5.English________inCanada.A.speaks B.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken6.Morethan100trees_______(plant)inourschoollastspring.7.What_____thiskindofflower_______(call)?1.Theysellorangesintheshop.______________________________________.2.Peopledon’tproduceoilinAmerica.______________________________________.3.HowmanyTVsetsdidyouselllastweek?______________________________________.4.Helen’sparentssenthertoschoolwhenshewasnine.5.Peoplemakeice-wineinCanada.______________________________________.6.DopeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries?______________________________________.

8.Platesanddishes______(notwash)aftersupperyesterday.9.Thesong___________(notlike)bymostofus.

7.Shegavemeapen.2..含有情态动词：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词We

must

keep

theclassroomclean.Theclassroom

must

bekeptclean.We

should

allow

thestudentstohavetheirfreetime.Thestudents

should

beallowedtohavetheirfreetime.(三)语态转换时要注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)

2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留宾语注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：

bring,give,lend,offer,pass,sell,show,tell,read

等。

Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.

Mybikewaslenttoher.

一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：

buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,,make,order,

等。

Mothermademeanewskirt.=(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)

Themeatwascookedforus.

3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉,这类动词有

laughat,operateon,lookafter,makefunof,makeuseoftakecareof,,carryout,,giveup,handin,pointout,putaway,putoff,turndown,workout,talkabout等。

Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.

Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.

Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetingwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.Thechildistakengoodcareof4.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，

Weheardhimsingthissongintheroom.Hewasheard

tosingthissongintheroom.Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Hewasmade

towork14hoursaday.Iseehimwalktoschool.Heisseen

towalktoschool.Weoftenseekateplaysoccerintheplayground.Billwatchedthemonkeysrunaround.Atrafficaccident_________(happen)justnow.happened2.连系动词（Link.v.)

如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:Thepen_________(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells1.不及物动词（vi.)

如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,…（四）不用被动语态的动词：

(表示主语的自然属性特征)

+副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…Thebooks____well．

A.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth____easily．

A.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed【2011北京】1.Manyaccidents____bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause【2011上海】2.Anofficial_____bysomereportersonfoodproblemsinShanghaiyesterday.A.isinterviewing

B.isinterviewedC.wasinterviewingD.wasinterviewed【2011天津】3.Todayalotofinformationcan_____online.A.receiveB.bereceivedC.isreceivedD.receiving【2011重庆】4.I’mgladtofindthatmanytrees_______inourcitylastyear.A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.areplanted【2011陕西】5.Drivingafterdrinkingwine

inChina.A.allowsB.doesn'tallowC.isallowedD.isn'tallowed【2011安徽】6.Don'tworry.Yourpackage

hereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.A.willkeepB.haskeptC.willbekeptD.hasbeenkept【2011山东】7.It’struethatShakespeare’splay______bysomanypeopleeveryyear.A.seeB.willseeC.areseeingD.areseenCorrectingmistakeCorrectthemistake(s)ineachsentenceifany:1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball．2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity．3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted?wassentwilllastwerehurt4)Classisbegunat7:30everyday．5)Hisplanissoundedgood．beginssounds例如：

据说…… Itissaid/thoughtthat…

据报导…… Itisreportedthat…

据推测…… Itissupposedthat…

希望…… Itishopedthat…

众所周知…… Itiswellknownthat…

普遍认为…… Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建议…… Itissuggestedthat…1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.3)ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.（五）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示3.一般将来时：

Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers..过去将来时：

Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.4.现在进行时：

TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted..过去进行时：

—Whydidn'ttheydrivethereontime?—Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad.Becausetheroadwasbeingmended.Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.5.现在完成时：

Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff.

Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Wehavebroughtdowntheprice.Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown.过去完成时：

WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.

Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.6:动词不定式的被动语态begoingtodo---begoingtobedonebeabouttodo---beabouttobedoneEg:Theyaregoingtoholdameetingtomorrow.Ameetingisgoingtobeheldtomorrow.Theyareabouttoshootthemurderer.Themurderdrisabouttobeshotbythem.总结被动语态的结构一般现在时/一般过去式be+done(is/am/are/waswere)一般将来时/过去将来时will/would+done现在进行时/过去进行时be+being+done现在完成时/过去完成时has/have/had+done含情态动词情态动词

+bedone不定式tobedone说明(1)done表示动词的过去分词(2)下划线的词为助动词

(1)Thepolicefoundthatthehouse____andalotofthings_________.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen(2)Ifcitynoises______fromincreasing,people______shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;havetoDPracticeA(3)---______thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.---Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold(4)Themathsproblem______amongthestudentssoon.A.isabouttobediscussB.isgoingtobediscussedC.istodiscussD.isgoingtohavebeendiscussedAB1.Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They____welland____already.A.sell,havebeensoldoutB.sold,hadsoldoutC.sell,selloutD.aresold,havebeensoldout2.---IsawDaveinliftthismorning.---Really?He___aroundhereforalongtime.A.won’tbeseenB.wasn’tseeC.hasn’tbeenseenD.hadn’tbeenseen3.Thewindowisdirty.----Iknow.It___forweeks.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned4.Thehero’sstory___differentlyinthenewspapers.wasreportedB.wasreportingreportsD.reported5.----Whydidyouleavethatposition?----I___abetterpositionatIBM.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasoffered6.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool___abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent7.Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich___placedundertheMinister’scar.hasbeenB.wasbeingC.hadbeenD.wouldbe8.Millionsofpounds’worthdamage____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused9.Whentheoldman___towalkbacktohishouse,the

sun____itselfbehindthemountain.started;hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid10:Thewater___coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels11:Themomentthe28thOlympicGames___open,thewholeworldcheered.A.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared13.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty____,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wouldbeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld14.Thenewtypeofcellphone___betterifitisadvertisedonTV.willsellB.sellsC.wouldsellD.sold15.Thebridgewhich______lastyearlooksreallybeautiful.A.wasbuilt B.built C.wassetup D.hadbeenbuilt16."Thiscloth_____welland_____long.“"Ok.I'lltakeit."A.washes/lasts B.iswashed/lasted C.washes/islasted D.iswashing/lasting17.Anexhibitionofpaintings____atthemuseumnextweek.A.aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholdingD.willhold18.HewascleaninghisroomwhenIenteredthehouse.=Hisroom_____byhimwhenIenteredtheroom.A.wasbeingcleanedB.wascleanedC.wasbeingcleaningD.hasbeencleaned19.I'msorry,sir.Yourrecorderisn'treadyyet.It_____inthefactory.A.isbeingrepairedB.isrepairedC.hasbeenrepaired D.hasn'trepaired20.Everypossiblemeans

,butnoneprovesuccessful.A.hastriedB.hasbeentriedC.isbeingtriedD.tried21.Mylittlesisterhasbrokenmywatch. =Mywatch_____bymylittlesister.A.isbrokenB.hasbrokenC.havebeenbroken D.hasbeenbroken1.树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里,扶直;4.把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍子插直了;6.用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水.根据提示写一篇以HowtoPlantaTree?为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯。尽量使用被动语态，80词左右。Writing1.树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里,扶直;4.把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍子插直了;6.用